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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase formation in the interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited titanium thin films on (111)Si (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5918-5925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Phase formation in the interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited Ti thin films on (111)Si has been studied by in situ reflected high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In situ RHEED and high resolution TEM data showed unambiguously that there is considerable intermixing of Ti and Si atoms during Ti deposition. Ti5Si3 was found to be the first nucleated phase followed by Ti5Si4 and TiSi. Ti5Si3, Ti5Si4, TiSi, and C49-TiSi2 along with a-interlayer were found to form in samples annealed at 475 °C for 30 and 60 min. Ti5Si4 was the first silicide phase to disappear followed by Ti5Si3 then TiSi. In samples annealed at 700 °C for 10 min, C54-TiSi2 started to appear. To understand the thermodynamic origin of the phase formation, metastable free energy diagrams at 450–600 °C have been constructed. Ti5Si3 and C49-TiSi2 were found to have the highest and lowest driving force, respectively. On the other hand, Ti5Si4 has the lowest interface energy. The sequence of formation and disappearance of silicide phases is discussed accordingly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350441
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precise determination of aluminum content in AlGaAs (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4877-4882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Al composition of AlGaAs has been determined by four methods: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), photoluminescence (PL), and double-crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD). HRTEM is direct and the most accurate method because it does not involve any formula or extrapolation. Using the result obtained from HRTEM as a standard, we have calibrated the results from other methods. RHEED intensity oscillation is found to be accurate and reliable, if the growth conditions are correctly chosen. Comparing the PL results with those determined from HRTEM and RHEED, we suggest three formulas to determine the Al contents at different temperatures. We also proposed a polynomial to determine the Al concentration using the DCXRD measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the first nucleated phase in the interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited titanium thin films on silicon (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 463-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first nucleated phase in ultrahigh vacuum deposited Ti thin films on silicon has been unambiguously identified utilizing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) in conjunction with optical diffractometry. Ti5Si3 was found to form first at the interface of the Ti overlayer and the amorphous interlayer. For plan-view specimens of the samples annealed at 450 °C for 30 min, 1 and 2 h, all 15 silicide diffraction rings corresponding to interplanar spacings longer than 0.098 nm could be attributed to Ti5Si3. Ti5Si3 was also the only silicide phase that could match the symmetry and lattice spacings of the HREM images. The observation is consistent with a kinetic model which predicts that the crystalline phase with composition and structure nearest to that of the amorphous interlayer will be first nucleated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104608
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligned and twinned growth of α-Fe thin films on atomically cleaned (111)Si at room temperature (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1603-1605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial α-Fe thin films have been grown on atomically cleaned (111)Si at room temperature under ultrahigh vacuum condition. The α-Fe epitaxy on (111)Si was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to be predominantly of twinned epitaxy with a small fraction of epitaxy being aligned with respect to the substrate. High resolution TEM showed that the interface between the epitaxial iron thin film and Si substrate is atomically flat with the presence of a low density of atomic steps. Interfacial dislocations were found to be of edge type with 1/2〈11¯0(approximately-greater-than) Burgers vectors. The average spacing of interfacial dislocations was found to be close to the theoretically predicted value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous occurrence of multiphases in interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited Ti thin films on (111)Si (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2460-2462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High resolution transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with optical diffractometry have been applied to identify the formation of an amorphous interlayer as well as to detect the presence of Ti5Si3, Ti5Si4, TiSi, and C49-TiSi2 in the interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) deposited Ti thin films on atomically clean (111)Si. The discovery of the formation of an amorphous interlayer and as many as four different silicide phases in the initial stages of interfacial reactions of UHV deposited Ti thin films on silicon by high resolution techniques necessitates a modification of the existing theory of the silicide formation in thin-film reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105995
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophage-Stimulating Protein and RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase: Potential Regulators of Macrophage Inflammatory Activities (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is a serum protein belonging to the plasminogen-related growth factor family. The specific receptor for MSP is the RON (recepteur d'origine nantais) receptor tyrosine kinase – a member of the MET proto-oncogene family. Activation of RON by MSP exerts dual functions on macrophages. The stimulatory activities include the induction of macrophage spreading, migration and phagocytosis. However, MSP also inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide and prostaglandins. These suppressive effects are mediated by RON-transduced signals that block LPS-induced enzymatic cascades that activate nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) pathways. Recent in vivo studies demonstrated that inactivation of the RON gene results in increased inflammatory responses and susceptibility to LPS-induced septic death in mice, suggesting that RON expression is required for attenuating the extent of inflammatory responses in vivo. Thus, MSP and RON are potential regulators that control macrophage activities during bacterial infection in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01177.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature and flux concentration on soldering of base metal (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study used the acoustic emission (AE) technique to evaluate interactions among soldering temperature, flux treatment, and the resultant ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine fracture surfaces of the solder joints. Specimens were cast from removable partial denture alloy and then placed in a jig with a gap distance of 1·0 mm. A high-frequency soldering machine with an optical pyrometer was used for soldering at 1150°C and 1200°C, respectively. The flux concentrations were 67% and 75%. The soldered specimens were subjected to tensile test at a crosshead speed of 0·05 mm/min. During testing, acoustic emissions in the frequency range of 100–1200 kHz were collected, filtered, recorded, and processed by a sensing device. The results were analysed by anova and Tukey LSD test. UTS at different temperatures showed no significant difference according to either mechanical or acoustic results. But in the 1200°C group, the UTSs and AE counts showed significant differences (P〈0·05) at both flux concentrations. SEM showed that the 1200C group had better dendritic crystal structure than did the 1150°C group. In the 1200°C group specimens with 67% flux had fewer flux inclusion bodies and dendritic crystals than did specimens with 75% flux. The 75% flux subgroup produced high-amplitude (60–70 dB) acoustic signals within the elastic deformation zone, while the 67% flux subgroup produced similar signals within the plastic deformation zone, either beyond the 0·2% yield point or before fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00614.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure of diaquabis(glycolato-O,O'')germanium(IV) (1993)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 244-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270192006218
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Activation of Human Peripheral Blood γ/δ+ T Lymphocytes by Sonicated Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Role In Vitro in Killing Human Bladder Carcinoma Cell Lines (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tumour regression induced in cancer patients hy local instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) into the hiadder has been considered to be mainly mediated by activated cellular immunity and inflammatory reactions. In the present study we investigated the cytotoxicity of T cells bearing γ/δ T-cell receptors (γ/δ+ T cells) against bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. Long-term cultured γ/δ+ T-cell lines from peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors were established by stimulation with sonicated cell wall-associated antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (SMA). These γ/δ+ T cells lack the natural killer (NK) markers CD16 and CD56, as determined by flow cytometry. The SMA-specific γ/δ+ T cells exhibited profound cytotoxicity against two NK-resistant bladder tumour cell lines as well as against NK-sensitive tumour eells in a non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted manner. The pattern of tumour cells killed by γ/δ+ T cells differed significantly from those of NK cells and lymphokine-activated killer LAK cells. Furthermore, we tested the effects of recombinant human cytokines. including interleukin (IL)-l, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNE), on γ/δ+ T-cell-medlated cytotoxicity. It was shown that the addition of recombinant TNF in co-incubation could augment γ/δ+ T-cell-mediated killing of two bladder tumour cell lines, but not of cells of the erythroleukaemia eell line K562. Based on these results it was concluded that mycobacterial antigens could specifically activate resting γ/δ+ T cells. The cytotoxicity of γ/δ+ T cells against bladder tumour cells and its selective enhancement by TNF may bean important mechanism involved in bladder tumour regression induced by intravesical instillation of BCG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01720.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophage-stimulating protein, a ligand for the RON receptor protein tyrosine kinase, suppresses myeloid progenitor cell proliferation and synergizes with vascular endothelial cell growth factor and members of the chemokine family (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 73 (1996), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Macrophage-stimulating protein ; Vascular endothelial cell growth factor ; Chemokines ; Progenitor cells ; Suppressive synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), originally identified as an inducer of murine resident macrophage responsiveness to chemoattractants, is a ligand for human RON/murine STK receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Since STK was cloned from populations enriched for hematopoietic stem cells, we initiated studies on the effects of MSP on colony formation by granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) myeloid progenitor cells. MSP alone had no colony stimulating activity. However, MSP caused about a 50% suppression of CFU-GM colony formation induced by synergistic combinations of SLF or Flt-L plus GM-CSF, G-CSF, or IL-3 and of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM colonies induced by SLF or Flt3-L plus Epo or Epo and IL-3. In contrast, MSP had no effect on progenitors stimulated by one growth factor. MSP also suppressed colony formation by stimulated cord blood progenitors, but only after preinduction to a rapidly cycling state. It was previously reported that several members of the chemokine family synergistically suppress myeloid progenitor proliferation. Likewise, synergistic suppression was observed when MSP was paired with VEGF, MIP-1α, IL-8, PF4, MCP-1, IP-10, or ENA-78, or when VEGF was paired with the chemokines; and the required MSP concentration was more than 100-fold less than for MSP alone. Additionally, MSP or VEGF inhibited proliferation of the human myeloid growth factor-dependent cell line, M07e, but a sustained effect required multiple additions over time. At the least, some of the MSP suppressive effects on myeloid progenitors, as assessed on single isolated CD34+++ marrow cells, appeared to be directly on the progenitors; sustained additions of MSP were required to see this effect. The suppressive action of MSP and its synergism with proteins of the chemokine family may be of relevance to regulation of blood cell production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050192
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