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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between visual score and erythema index (DermaSpectrometer) in evaluation of allergic patch tests (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Skin research and technology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: During the last decade several new bioengineering methods have been proposed for evaluation of patch test reactions in a more objective manner. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of erythema index (DermaSpectrometer) in a clinical setting, i.e., reading of allergic patch tests.Methods: Twenty patients with known allergy to formaldehyde participated in the study. Each patient had patch tests for 2 days with formaldehyde solutions from 0 to 10,000 p.p.m. applied. Clinical reading of the test sites and measurement of the erythema index by the DermaSpectrometer were done 24 h after removal. A control group of 20 volunteers with no allergy to formaldehyde were tested in a similar way.Results: Erythema indices were significantly higher for visually rated positive patch tests than for negative tests (P〈0.05). The single categories of visually positive reactions (+?, +, ++, +++) could not be unambiguously separated by the DermaSpectrometer. The correlation between clinical readings and the formaldehyde concentration (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, r=0.60) was higher than between DermaSpectrometer readings and the formaldehyde concentration (r=0.35).Conclusion: In a dilution series of formaldehyde patch testing, readings from a DermaSpectrometer were not found to give better information than visual readings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1998.tb00108.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between 2 test models in evaluating the effect of a moisturizer on irritated human skin (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 40 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to compare 2 experimental models of moisturizer efficacy on the recovery of irritated skin on the hands and the volar forearms. 12 healthy volunteers had their hands immersed in sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 10 min 2° daily for 2 days, and at the same time the volunteers had patch tests with SLS (0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5%) applied on their forearms for 24 h. After irritation of the skin, the volunteers had a moisturizer applied on one arm/hand 3° daily for the following 9 days. The other arm/hand served as untreated control. Evaluation was done on days (D) 1, 3, 5, 8 and 12 by transepidermal water loss, electrical capacitance, laser Doppler flowmetry and DermaSpectrometry. Both models were found useful, and the moisturizer was found to accelerate regeneration of the skin barrier function in both the hands (D8, p〈0.05) and the volar forearms (0.5% SLS, D5 and D8, p〈0.01). When the forearm model is used in the present set-up, a relatively high concentration of SLS (〈0.25%) should be used and evaluation measurements are best performed on D5-D8. The forearm model proved reliable and easy to handle and we suggest that this model is used in future studies on moisturizer evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06060.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of work-related skin problems in student auxiliary nurses (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was designed as an intervention study to investigate whether an educational programme was efficient in preventing work-related skin problems on the hands. 107 student auxiliary nurses (61 in the intervention group and 46 in the control group) were followed during the first 10 weeks of their initial practical training in county hospitals. The intervention group was given an educational programme before the practical training started. For evaluation the participants had questionnaires, clinical examination of the hands, measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and patch testing. The use of hand disinfectants, which was discouraged in the educational programme, was significantly lower in the intervention group as compared to the control group (p=0.002). 48% of the intervention group and 58% of the control group had aggravation of skin problems during practical training (p〉0.05). Use of hand disinfectant agents was significantly associated with aggravation of skin problems (p=0.016). A significant increase in TEWL for the control group (p〈0.005), but not for the intervention group, was seen after 10 weeks of practical training. In conclusion, the present intervention study shows promising results from the use of an educational programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440509.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact allergy to cosmetics: testing with patients' own products (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 40 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a 2-year period, 1527 patients with contact dermatitis were investigated in the patch-test clinic. In 531 patients, allergy to cosmetics was suspected from the history and they were tested with their own cosmetic products. 40 (7.5%) (of the 531 patients) had 1 or more positive reactions, 82 (15.4%) had doubtfully positive reaction(s) and 31 (5.8%) had irritant reaction(s). Skin-care products were tested most frequently and were also found to cause most positive, doubtfully positive and irritant reactions. 80% of the patients with positive reactions to their own products had no history of contact dermatitis prior to the presenting attack, and in 92.5% of the cases, the positive reaction was considered relevant or partly relevant. In patients with a positive reaction, ingredients that could be responsible were found in 60% of the cases by testing with the European standard series and a series of common cosmetic ingredients. Fragrance mix and formaldehyde were found to be the ingredients most often responsible and were significantly more frequent in patients with positive reactions to their own products, compared to a control group of eczema patients also seen in the patch-test clinic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06081.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergic contact dermatitis from 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) – an update (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Results from 3 1/2 years of routine patch testing with 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) are presented. From 1996 to 1999, a total of 3168 persons (2093 women and 1075 men) were patch tested with IPBC, and 7 cases were found to be positive. In 2 cases, sensitization could be attributed to cosmetics, and in a further 2 cases cosmetics were the most likely cause of sensitisation. It is concluded that the use of IPBC in cosmetic products can lead to contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. 2 of the 7 reported cases with IPBC allergy were also found positive to thiuram, and possible cross-reactivity between IPBC and thiuram is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.440504.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threshold for occluded formaldehyde patch test in formaldehyde-sensitive patients (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 36 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our purpose was to investigate the eliciting threshold concentration of formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive individuals in the occluded and non-occluded patch teat and to evaluate the relationship in repeated open application test (ROAT) with a product containing a formaldehyde releaser. 20 formaldehyde-sensitive patients and a control group of 20 healthy volunteer were included in the study. Occluded and non-occluded patch tests with formaldehyde solutions form 25 to 10,000 ppm. and ROAT for I week with a leave-on cosmetic product containing on average 300 ppm formaldehyde. Were carried out simultaneously on each subject. In the occluded patch test. 1/2 of the 20 patients only reacted to 10,000 ppm formaldehyde. 9 reacted to 5,000 ppm. 3 reacted to 1.000 ppm. 2 reacted to 500 ppm and I reacted to 25 ppm. No definite positive reactions were observed in the non-occluded patch test or in the ROAT No positive reactions were observed in the control group to any of the test procedures. We concluded that the threshold concentration for occluded patch test to formaldehyde in formaldehyde-sensitive patients was 250 ppm. The threshold in occluded patch test corresponded to the degree of sensitivity Definite positive reactions in the ROAT were not seen, either indicating that they are unlikely to happen with the type of product used or that the exposure time was too short.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00918.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different moisturizers on SLS-irritated human skin (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 44 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Moisturizers are widely used to treat irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). Their use is, however, not well-documented and standardized models for testing skin care products are needed to acquire documentation of their efficacy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 6 commonly-used moisturizers on the recovery of irritated human skin. No commercial interests were involved in the study. 36 healthy volunteers had patch tests with SLS 0.5% applied on their forearms/upper arms for 24 h. After irritation of the skin, all volunteers had a moisturizer applied on one forearm/upper arm, respectively, 3 × daily for the following 5 days. The other forearm/upper arm served as an untreated control. Each moisturizer was tested on 12 volunteers and each volunteer tested 2 moisturizers at the same time. Evaluation was done on days 1, 3 and 8 by transepidermal water loss, electrical capacitance, laser Doppler flowmetry, DermaSpectrometry and clinical scoring. All 6 moisturizers were found to accelerate regeneration of the skin barrier function when compared to irritated non-treated skin. The most lipid-rich moisturizers improved barrier restoration more rapidly than the less lipid-rich moisturizers. We suggest this experimental model for further moisturizer efficacy testing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.044004229.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate: a new contact allergen (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 36 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) has been used for years as a fungicide and bactericide for wood and paint preservation without any reports of cutaneous side-effects. During the last few years, it has entered cosmetic products and is temporarily permitted in the EU Cosmetics Directive in a use concentration of 0.1%. In the present study, we report our preliminary experience with patch testing consecutive contact dermatitis patients with IPBC. A patch lest concentration of 0.1% seems appropriate for initial screening but deserves further evaluation. Among 311 consecutive patch lest patients. 3 patients with a positive patch lest to IPBC have been identified. Contact allergy is Likely in at least 1 case, based on clinical history, exposure history, patch testing with dilution series. ROAT and chemical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00400.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of an experimental patch test model for the detection of irritant skin reactions to moisturisers (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Skin research and technology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: Moisturisers are used daily by a large number of people to prevent dryness of the skin. Irritant skin reactions to moisturisers are, however, known to occur. In order to prevent such irritant reactions reliable test methods for irritancy testing of moisturisers are needed. This study was undertaken to evaluate a non-invasive patch test model for the detection of irritant skin reactions to moisturisers.Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers were patch tested with three different moisturisers: empty chamber, sodium lauryl sulphate and a moisturizer known to be non-irritating. Skin reactions were evaluated by visual scoring, measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by an Evaporimeter, blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry and electrical capacitance by a Corneometer.Results: A statistically significant increase in blood flow was found 48 h after application of one of the moisturisers tested, indicating an irritant effect of the product. A statistically significant decrease in skin hydration was found for the same moisturiser after 48 h. No statistically significant differences between the moisturisers were found by visual scoring. None of the products tested had any negative effect on the skin barrier function.Conclusion: The non-invasive patch test model was found useful for detecting irritant skin reactions to moisturisers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0846.2000.006004250.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity to clioquinol and chlorquinaldol in the quinoline mix (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 29 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03524.x
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