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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the petrological and seismic Moho-implications for the continental crust-mantle boundary (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The chemical and petrological composition of mafic rocks from the lower continental crust are discussed by comparing mafic granulites and meta-gabbroic rocks from the Ivrea Zone and the Northern Hessian Depression (NHD) xenolith suite. Both regions contain contrasting types of meta-mafic lithologies (i) former basaltic rocks with trace element patterns ranging from MORB-Iike to subduction-related or intra-plate tholeütes and (ü) Ca-and Al-enriched, plagiodase-dominated gabbroic rocks showing positive Eu-anomalies generated by complex deep crustal magmatic processes such as fractionation, accumulation of plagiodase and pyroxene, and crustal contamination. The absence of typical garnet-omphadte parageneses in these rocks indicates that the eclogite stability field was not reached during Palaeozoic orogenic processes.A compilation of experimentally determined P-wave velocities and densities for mafic granulites, gabbroic rocks, eclogites and peridotites is used to evaluate key physical properties of lower crustal mafic rocks during crystal thickening caused by continent-continent collision. In a step-by-step scenario it is demonstrated that the position of the seismic Moho (defined as a first-order velocity discontinuity) and the petrological Moho (defined as the boundary between non-peridotitic crustal rocks and olivine-dominated rocks) is not identical for the case that mafic rocks are transformed into edogites at the base of orogenically thickened crust. P-wave velocities of eclogites largely overlap with those of peridotites, although their densities are significantly higher than common upper mantle rocks.As a consequence, refraction seismic field studies may not detect edogites as crustal rocks. This means that the seismic Moho detected by refraction seismic field studies appears at the upper boundary between edogites and overlying crustal units. Since edogites generally have higher densities than peridotites, they might be recycled into the deeper lithosphere thereby transferring excess Eu into the upper mantle. This process could be a due for understanding the negative Euanomaly in the upper continental crust which is apparently not balanced quantitatively by the abundance of common mafic crustal rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00455.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluss von ATP-Zugaben und weiterer Stoffwechselagenzien auf die Rb-Aufnahme abgeschnittener Gerstenwurzeln (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 16 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1963.tb08354.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Salinity and Potassium on the Uptake of Nitrogen and on Nitrogen Metabolism in Young Barley Plants (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 35 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In a solution culture experiment with 4-week-old barley plants (variety Villa) the influence of NaCl salinization and of KCl additions on the uptake and turnover of labelled N (15NH415NO3) was studied. Labelled N was applied for 24 h at the end of the growth period.Salinization impaired growth and uptake of labelled N. The incorporation of labelled N into the protein fraction, however, was improved by NaCl salinization. Additions of KCl to the nutrient solution diminished the negative effect of NaCl salinization on growth. At both NaCl salinization levels (60 and 120 mM) K additions favoured the uptake of labelled N and particularly its incorporation into the protein fraction.It is suggested that the negative influence of the NaCl stress is not primarily due to an impaired protein synthesis, but is possibly caused by a deterimental effect of Na on other metabolic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03911.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die K-Aufnahme als Funktion der Influxrate und der Zellpermeabilität, mathematisch und experimentell an der K-Aufnahme junger Gerstenwurzeln dargestellt (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 18 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1965.tb07010.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liδ^1^8OSiO"2 systematics in volcanic rocks and mafic lower crustal granulite xenoliths
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 101 (1990), S. 42-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(90)90122-E
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of light intensity on proton extrusion by roots of intact maize plants (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 67 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Shading of maize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Blizzard) reduced net H+ extrusion by roots and increased K+ release, whereas there was no significant effect on anion efflux in deionized water. With lower light intensity the concentrations of carbohydrates in the roots decreased, but ATP levels and energy charge remained unchanged. Also, shading raised the tissue pH of roots and made the cytoplasmic pH of root cells drop. There was a significant influence of light intensity on H+ uptake by roots from an acidified test solution and CCCP (carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone)-in-duced H+ uptake was modified by shading.It is concluded that low light intensity does not limit active H+ release by plasmalemma ATPase activity in the root cells, but that a reduced carbohydrate supply brings about a change in biochemical reactions which alter the membrane permeability for protons. An increased passive reflux of H+ into the cells rather than a reduced H+ ATPase activity explains the decrease of net H+ release by roots of intact maize plants under low light intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb05065.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluss verschiedener Salze und verschiedener Inhibitoren auf den Wurzeldruck von Zea mays (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 22 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of different salts and inhibitors on the root pressure of Zea mays.— The influence of various salt solutions and inhibitors on the exudation rate has been investigated with young excised primary roots of Zea mays. The following results were obtained. — The effect of chlorides on the exudation rate was higher than the effect of sulphates K+ and Na+ effected higher flux rates than Ca2+ and Mg2+ The highest exudation rate was obtained with KCl. — In comparison to an isotonic Lutrol-solution (a liquid condensed polyethylenoxid) a 0.5525 molar KCl-solution, applicated on the root stump, increased the exudation rate considerably. — Metabolic inhibitors and anaerobic conditions decreased the exudation rate. — Experiments, concerning the influence of metabolic inhibitors on the exudation and on the Rb-uptake showed a highly significant positive correlation (r =+0.72***) between the exudation rates and the Rb-concentrations in the exudates. The Rb-accumulation in the root tissue was not correlated to the exudation rate. — The experimental data agree with the concept of a transversal water transport in the root tissue, effected by osmotic forces. The root pressure is based on the osmotic gradient between the xylem sap and the outer solution. This gradient is built up by the metabolic secretion of ions into the xylem sap. It is supposed that the transversal water transport in the roots mainly goes through the free space of the cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1969.tb07442.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil pH changes during legume growth and application of plant material (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil pH ; Legume ; Alkalinity ; Decarboxylation ; Ammonification ; Vicia faba L. ; Nitrification ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During cultivation of legumes soil is acidified due to proton release from roots. As a consequence of proton release, plants accumulate organic anions which may, if returned and decomposed in the soil, neutralize the soil acids. Until now the detailed processes responsible for the change in soil pH after incorporation of plant material have not been completely understood. Using a pot experiment we studied the changes in acid and base in soil during growth of field beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Alfred) and after incorporation of the plant material into the soil. Soil pH was significantly decreased by field beans from 6.00 to 5.64 in a cultivation period of 45 days. Proton release amounted to 32.7 mmol H+ pot–1, which was approximately equivalent to the accumulated alkalinity in the plant shoots (34.4 mmol). Return of field bean shoots caused a significant soil pH increase from 5.64 to 6.29. Within 7 days more than 90% of the added alkalinity was released. After 307 days incubation, soil pH decreased to 5.86 due to nitrification. In a second experiment, maize leaves (Zea mays L.), containing various concentrations of nitrogen and at various alkalinities, were incorporated into the soil. Soil pH change was positively correlated to alkalinity and malate concentration and negatively correlated to total nitrogen and water-soluble organic nitrogen of incorporated leaves. It is concluded that the soil acidification caused by legume cultivation can be partly compensated for if crop residues are returned to the soil. Addition of plant material may initially cause an increase in soil pH due to decomposition of organic anions and organic nitrogen. Soil pH may decrease if nitrification is involved. The concentrations of nitrogen and alkalinity of added plant material are decisive factors controlling soil pH change after incorporation of plant material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335950
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CH4 oxidation in two temperate arable soils as affected by nitrate and ammonium application (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: CH4 oxidation ; Arable soils ; Nitrogen application ; Soil structure ; Model experiments ; N transformations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The short-term effect of NaNO3 or (NH4)2SO4 application on CH4 oxidation was measured under laboratory conditions with sieved soils collected from the top layer (0–12 cm) of a loamy and a sandy soil. The soils were incubated in sealed flasks and the CH4 and CO2 concentrations in headspace were measured periodically. On each gas sampling date the soils were analysed for inorganic N, electro-ultrafiltration organic N, and pH. NH 4 + application to the loamy soil inhibited CH4 oxidation entirely whereas in the untreated control soils CH4 concentration decreased linearly with a rate of-41 nl CH4 l-1 h-1; NO 3 sup- application to this soil caused a small but significant reduction in CH4 uptake. The CH4-oxidizing ability of the sandy soil was low, even in the control. This was mainly a result of the disturbed soil structure after sieving. Both NH 4 + and NO 3 sup- treatments completely inhibited CH4 uptake in this ligh-textured soil. The adverse impact of NH 4 + persisted during the entire incubation, although in the loamy soil only 17% of the NH 4 + added was recovered after 168 h. The negative effect of NO 3 sup- was probably caused by an increase in osmotic potential. Immediate inhibition of CH4 oxidation after inorganic N addition was demonstrated in two arable soils, although the effect was directly related only in part to soil N transformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335823
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil pH changes during legume growth and application of plant material (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil pH ; Legume ; Alkalinity ; Decarboxylation ; Ammonification ; Vicia faba L. ; Nitrification ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract During cultivation of legumes soil is acidified due to proton release from roots. As a consequence of proton release, plants accumulate organic anions which may, if returned and decomposed in the soil, neutralize the soil acids. Until now the detailed processes responsible for the change in soil pH after incorporation of plant material have not been completely understood. Using a pot experiment we studied the changes in acid and base in soil during growth of field beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Alfred) and after incorporation of the plant material into the soil. Soil pH was significantly decreased by field beans from 6.00 to 5.64 in a cultivation period of 45 days. Proton release amounted to 32.7 mmol H+ pot-1, which was approximately equivalent to the accumulated alkalinity in the plant shoots (34.4 mmol). Return of field bean shoots caused a significant soil pH increase from 5.64 to 6.29. Within 7 days more than 90% of the added alkalinity was released. After 307 days incubation, soil pH decreased to 5.86 due to nitrification. In a second experiment, maize leaves (Zea mays L.), containing various concentrations of nitrogen and at various alkalinities, were incorporated into the soil. Soil pH change was positively correlated to alkalinity and malate concentration and negatively correlated to total nitrogen and water-soluble organic nitrogen of incorporated leaves. It is concluded that the soil acidification caused by legume cultivation can be partly compensated for if crop residues are returned to the soil. Addition of plant material may initially cause an increase in soil pH due to decomposition of organic anions and organic nitrogen. Soil pH may decrease if nitrification is involved. The concentrations of nitrogen and alkalinity of added plant material are decisive factors controlling soil pH change after incorporation of plant material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335950
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