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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 568 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Bijvoet method ; Circular dichroism ; Chemical and chiroptical correlation ; Configurational stability ; [10]Anulene, 2-Bromo- and 2,7-dibromo-1,6-methano- and 2,7-dibromo-1,6-oxido- and 1,6-imino- ; 2,9-Dibromo-syn-1,6:8,13-diimino- and dioxido[14]anulene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 2,7-Dibrom-1,6-methano[10]anulen (3) und 2,9-Dibrom-syn-1,6:8,13-diimino[14]anulen (9) wurden durch Chromatographie an Triacetylcellulose (TAC) in Ethanol quantitativ in ihre Enantiomeren getrennt. Röntgenstruktur-analyse (Bijvoet-Technik) bewies für die rechtsdrehenden Enantiomeren die Chiralität (+)(R)-3 bzw. (+)(S)-9. Ein Vergleich der CD-Spektren ermöglichte die Konfigurationszuordnung weiterer optisch aktiver [10]- und [14]Anulene, die gleichfalls durch Chromato-graphie anTAC erhalten worden waren. Umwandlung von (+)(R)-2-Brom-1,6-methano[10]anulen (2) in den entsprechenden Methylester (−)-4 bestätigte dessen schon früher vorgeschlagene Chiralität (−)(R). Dibrom-1,6-oxido[10]anulen (7) und Dibrom-diimino[14]anulen (9) sind im Gegensatz zum Dioxido[14]anulen (10) bis 250°C optisch stabil. Ihre Inver-sionsbarrieren liegen somit über ∼ 42 kcal (176kJ) mol−1. Die CD-Spektren von mono- und disubstituierten Anulenen (mit C1 bzw. C2-Symmetrie) werden verglichen: Für die [10]Anulene scheint derCottoneffekt um 330 nm konfigurationsspezifisch zu sein, wobei ein positiver Effekt (S)-Chiralität anzeigt — und vice versa. Einige Regelmäßigkeiten bezüglich der chromatographischen Enantiomerentrennung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract 2,7-Dibromo-1,6-methano[10]anulene (3) and 2,9-Dibromo-syn-1,6:8,13-diimino[14]anulene (9) were quantitatively separated into their enantiomers by chromatography on triacetylcellulose (TAC) in ethanol. X-ray structure analysis (Bijvoet technique) established the chiralities (+)(R)-3 and (+)(S)-9 for the dextrorotatory enantiomers. Comparison of the CD spectra allowed the configurational assignment to further optically active [10] and [14] anulenes which were also accessible by chromatography onTAC. Conversion of (+)(R)-2-bromo-1,6-methano[10]anulene (2) into the corresponding methylester (−)-4 confirmed its previously proposed chirality (−)(R). 2,7-Dibromo-1,6-oxido[10]anulene (7) and 2,9-dibromo-syn-diimino[14]anulene (9) are in contrast to the 2,9-dibromo-syn-dioxido[14]anulene (10) optically stable until 250°C. Consequently their inversion barriers are higher than ∼ 42 kcal (176 kJ) mol−1. The CD spectra of mono and disubstituted anulenes (with C1 and C2 symmetry, resp.) are compared: For the [10]anulenes theCotton effect around 330 nm seems to be specific for their configuration with a positive effect indicating (S)-chirality and vice versa. Some regularities concerning the chromatographic resolutions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 1256-1266 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of an analogue 3a of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, huperzine A (1), is described in which the pyridinone moiety of the natural product is replaced with a thiazolone moiety. The synthesis started from cyclohexane-1,4-dione monoethylene ketal (7) by first annulating the thiazole ring using the Gewald protocol (→ 8; Scheme 1) and then constructing the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane substructure using our previously described Michael addition/aldol condensation methodology (Scheme 3). The central problem was the protection of the thiazolone carbonyl group; only the 2-unsubstituted thiazole survived the reaction conditions of the first half of the synthesis. Refunctionalization was later effected by lithiation and subsequent chlorination with hexachloroethane (30→31). Compound 3a was ineffective in the acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay in concentrations up to 14 μM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 1581-1593 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,4-Addition von Triorganozinkaten und Silyldiorganozinkaten an α,β-ungesättigte KetoneLithium- und Magnesiumtriorganozinkate, die aus ZnCl2(TMEDA) oder Dialkylzink und RLi oder RMgX (3 bzw. 1 Moläquivalent) erhalten werden, reagieren mit 2-Cyclohexen-1-on (1) unter milden Bedingungen in mäßigen bis guten Ausbeuten zu den 1,4-Additionsprodukten 2. Aus der Produktverteilung bei Verwendung unsymmetrischer Zinkate ergibt sich die ungefähre Reihenfolge der Reaktivität: tBuCH2 ≪ tBu, Me 〈 Ph, iBu 〈 Et, nBu, iPr, CH=CH2 ≪ Me2PhSi. Reagenzien auf der Basis von Me2Zn übertragen die letzteren Gruppen mit guter Selektivität. Die Methylierung mittels Me3ZnLi wird von Cobaltkomplexen katalysiert. Andere Enone (7 - 13) geben durchweg schlechte Ausbeuten, und die cobaltkatalysierte Methylierung von Isophoron (3) wird von einer Dekonjugierung im Sinne einer Kharasch-Reaktion begleitet. Gemischte Silyldialkylzinkate, Me2PhSiZnR2Li, ergeben ausgehend von ungehinderten oder mäßig gehinderten Enonen β-Silylketone in brauchbaren Ausbeuten; an einem Beispiel wird auch die Addition an einen α,β-ungesättigten Ester (12) belegt.
    Notes: Lithium and magnesium triorganozincates, prepared by combination of ZnCl2 (TMEDA) with 3 molar equivalents of RLi or RMgX, or from dialkylzinc and 1 molar equivalent of RLi or RMgX, react with 2-cyclohexen-1-one (1) under mild conditions to produce moderate to good yields of the 1,4-addition products 2. The approximate reactivity order obtained from the product distribution using unsymmetrical zincates is tBuCH2 Lt; tBu, Me 〈 Ph, iBu 〈 Et, nBu, iPr, CH=CH2 ≪ Me2PhSi. The latter groups are transferred with good selectivity from mixed reagents derived from Me2Zn. This sequence differs strikingly from that exhibited by unsymmetrical cuprates which transfer neopentyl very easily, and also tert-butyl more easily than the corresponding zincates. The methylation with Me3ZnLi is catalyzed by cobalt complexes. Other enones (7 - 13) generally give poor yields, and the cobalt-catalyzed methylation of isophorone (3) is complicated by a Kharasch-type deconjugation. Mixed silyldialkylzincates, Me2PhSiZnR2Li, produce the β-silyl ketones from a variety of unhindered or moderately hindered enones in practically useful yields; one example of an α,β-unsaturated ester (12) is also included.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1765-1776 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1 H-Azepines ; Arene imines ; Valence tautomerism ; Nitrogen inversion ; N-Chloroamines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Reaktionen von Oligomethylen-überbrückten 1H-Azepinen und Benzoliminen: Lage des Valenztautomerie-Gleichgewichtes und Stereochemie am StickstoffDie Synthese der überbrückten 1 H-Azepine und Benzolimine 6a, 5b/6b und 5c wird beschrieben und die Lage ihrer Valenztautomerie-Gleichgewichte untersucht. Der N-Methyl- und N-Chlor-Substituent verschieben das Gleichgewicht zugunsten der „geschlossenen“, der N-Methoxycarbonyl- und (in geringerem Ausmaße) N-Trimethylsilyl-Substituent zugunsten der „offenen“ Struktur. Eine Tieftemperatur-1H- und -13C-NMR-Untersuchung von 5b/6b zeigt, daß die Freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der Valenztautomerisierung unter 5 kcal/mol (21 kJ/mol) liegen muß, daß jedoch die Inversion des Stickstoffs eingefroren werden kann, wobei das syn-Isomer (d.h. H am N syn relativ zu den C=C-Doppelbindungen) vorwiegt. Die 1H-chemischen Verschiebungen der N-Substituenten und für 14a eine grobe Röntgenstrukturanalyse zeigen, daß die N-Substituenten der Benzolimine die syn-Orientierung bevorzugen. 6a lagert sich auf Kieselgel zu 33 um, das zu 34 silyliert wird. Einwirkung von Natriummethanolat auf 14a ergibt 37, welches bei erneuter N-Chlorierung und Behandlung mit Natriummethanolat in 40 und 41 übergeht. Plausible Mechanismen für diese Umwandlungen werden vorgestellt.
    Notes: Syntheses of the clamped 1 H-azepines and benzene imines, 6a, 5b/6b, and 5c, and of some of their N-derivatives are described, and the positions of their valence tautomeric equilibria are examined. The N-methyl and N-chloro substituents favour the closed valence tautomer whereas the N-methoxycarbonyl group shifts the equilibrium towards the open isomer. The N-trimethylsilyl group also exerts a slight effect in the latter sense. Low temperature 1H and 13C-NMR examination of 5b/6b demonstrates that the free activation enthalpy of the valence tautomerization must be below 5 kcal/mol (21 kJ/mol), but that the nitrogen inversion can be frozen, with the syn isomer (i.e., H on N syn relative to the C=C double bonds) predominating. 1H NMR shifts of the N-substituents and, for 14a, preliminary X-ray data indicate that the N-substituents of the above benzene imines prefer syn orientation. 6a rearranges on silica gel to give 33 which is silylated to yield 34. Action of sodium methoxide on 14a leads to 37 which is again chlorinated at nitrogen and treated with sodium methoxide to produce 40 and 41. Plausible mechanisms for these transformations are proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 97 (1985), S. 592-594 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24 (1985), S. 592-594 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1994 (1994), S. 1165-1171 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Pyrano[4,3-b]azepines ; Azepines, 1,2-didehydro- ; 3-Azaheptafulvenes ; Fulvenes, 3-azahepta- ; Hetero-Diels-Alder reaction ; Antiaromaticity ; Photochemistry ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Alkoxycarbonyl-1,2-didehydroazepines, generated by photolysis of alkyl 2-azidobenzoates, undergo a hetero-[4 + 2] cycloaddition (stepwise or concerted) with ketone-derived enol ethers to form intensely colored, paratropic 6,8-dialkoxy-8,9-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]azepines 5-7 which contain the unusual 3-azaheptafulvene partial structure. Other derivatives of 2-azidobenzoic acid as well as aldehyde-derived enol ethers, other classes of olefins, phenol ethers, and furans are unreactive although 2-methoxynaphthalene undergoes demethylation to produce methyl 2-(2-naphthyloxy)-3H-azepine-3-carboxylate (8). Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the title compounds produces 2-(acylmethylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-azepine-3-carboxylates 9 and indoles 10, catalytic hydrogenation generates a tetrahydro derivative 11, and diastereomeric tricarbonyliron complexes 12 are formed with Fe2(CO)9 at the conjugated diene moiety. An intensely colored byproduct 13 of the photolysis reaction is identified as the first known derivative of 3,3′-diazaheptafulvalene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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