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Digitale Medien

Predicting shooting scores from physical performance data (2000)

Anderson, Gregory S. ; Plecas, Darryl B.

Bradford : Emerald

Policing 23 (2000), S. 525-537

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ISSN: 1363-951X

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Rechtswissenschaft

Notizen: Selecting the right people for police work is not only important for the employer, but is also in the best interest of the public. Failure to screen out individuals who cannot perform the physical duties has a large human and economic cost. The present study investigated whether physical performance and anthropometric measures can predict recruits' handgun marksmanship. While significant correlations were found between handgun marksmanship and dominant grip strength, combined grip strength, forearm girth and second ray length, significance was only found when the genders were analyzed together. A step-wise multiple regression could not generate an equation to predict shooting score from the available data.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510010355611

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Digitale Medien

Police officer physical ability testing - Re-validating a selection criterion (2001)

Anderson, Gregory S. ; Plecas, Darryl ; Segger, Tim

Bradford : Emerald

Policing 24 (2001), S. 8-31

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ISSN: 1363-951X

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Rechtswissenschaft

Notizen: The aim of this study was to determine the bona fide occupational requirements of general duty police work, and use this information to re-validate a physical abilities test used in the police recruit selection process. A systematic random sample (n = 267) of general duty police officers completed two questionnaires: one concerning "average" duties, and one concerning the most physically demanding critical incident occurring in the 12 months prior. Of those completing the surveys, observational data were collected on every second officer, resulting in observational data collected for 121 officers, involving the recording of all physical activities and movement patterns observed throughout a ten hour shift. Data collected suggest there is a core of bona fide occupational requirements for general duty police work - walking, climbing stairs, manipulating objects, twisting/turning, pulling/pushing, running, bending, squatting and kneeling, and lifting and carrying. Many of these are involved in physical control of suspects, and can be tested using a well designed physical abilities test that simulates getting to the problem, controlling the problem, and removing the problem.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510110382232

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Digitale Medien

Physical evidence of police officer stress (2002)

Anderson, Gregory S. ; Litzenberger, Robin ; Plecas, Darryl

Bradford : Emerald

Policing 25 (2002), S. 399-420

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ISSN: 1363-951X

Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Thema: Rechtswissenschaft

Notizen: The purpose of the present study was to identify common stressors and the magnitude of stress reactivity in police officers during the course of general duty police work. Using heart rate as a primary indicator of autonomic nervous system activation, coupled with observed physical activity data collected through 76 full shift ride-alongs, this study differentiates between physical and psycho-social stress. The results, confirming previous research based on self-report data alone, demonstrate that police officers experience both physical and psycho-social stress on the job, anticipating stress as they go about their work, while suffering anticipatory stress at the start of each shift. The results demonstrated that the highest levels of stress occur just prior to and during critical incidents, and that officers do not fully recover from that stress before leaving their shift. Overall, the results illustrate the need to consider stress reactivity and repressors in the assessment of police officer stress while clearly demonstrating the need for debriefing after critical incidents and increased training in stress management and coping strategies.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639510210429437

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Digitale Medien

Gender differences in physiological reactions to thermal stress (1995)

Andérson, Gregory S. ; Ward, Richard ; Mekjavić, Igor B.

Springer

European journal of applied physiology 71 (1995), S. 95-101

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ISSN: 1439-6327

Schlagwort(e): Passive temperature lability ; Gender Sweating ; Shivering ; Core cooling

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract Following an extensive anthropometric evaluation, thermoregulatory responses were studied in nine men and nine women who performed immersed exercise with post-exercise rest in 28°C water. During the post-exercise period esophageal temperature (T es), oxygen consumption, heat flux and skin blood perfusion were monitored at 10s intervals, with average minute values used for calculations. The ΔT es (relative to restingT es) at which sweating abated and shivering commenced were defined as the ΔT es thresholds for the cessation of sweating and onset of shivering, respectively. No significant gender differences were evident in the sweating and shivering threshold ΔT es values, or the magnitude of the null-zone. Usingz-tests for parallelism the rates of core cooling across the null-zone were not found to differ significantly between genders, nor were the slopes of the perfusion: ΔT es responses across the null-zone or the post-threshold shivering responses (ml·kg−1·min−1·°C−1). The slope of the sweating response (measured from immersion until sweat cessation; g·m−2·min−1°C−1) was, however, significantly lower in the female than in the male samples (z = 3.93;P 〈 0.01). Despite the gender-related dimorphic distribution of adipose tissue, both men and women lost equal proportions of their total heat flux from central and peripheral measurement sites. Performing a standardized regression using the rate of core cooling across the null-zone as the dependent variable and gender as a dummy variable, gender and adipose tissue mass were not found to be significant factors in determining the rate of core cooling, while mass (β = 1.73;P 〈 0.05) and muscle mass (β = 1.86;P 〈 0.05) did contribute significantly to the rate of core cooling. It was concluded that, except for the quantitative differences in the sweating response, men and women respond to deviations in core temperature in a similar manner, with mass and muscle mass modifying this response.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00854965

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Digitale Medien

Thermoregulatory responses of circum-pubertal children (1996)

Anderson, Gregory S. ; Mekjavic, Igor B.

Springer

European journal of applied physiology 74 (1996), S. 404-410

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ISSN: 1439-6327

Schlagwort(e): Children ; Core temperature ; Sweating ; Shivering ; Cutaneous perfusion

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract Passive temperature lability of nine circumpubertal children [11.4 (1.2) years] was compared to that of nine young adult males [26.6 (5.2) years]. Each subject completed a 20-min period of exercise, followed immediately by post-exercise immersion in water at 28°C. The aim of the exercise protocol was to induce a steady rate of sweating (E SW) while the postexercise immersion period induced cooling of the core region (tympanic temperature:T ty). TheT ty values (relative to rest, ΔT ty) at which sweating abated and at which shivering commenced were defined as the thresholds for the cessation of sweating and onset of shivering, respectively. While there was no significant difference between the ΔT ty sweating thresholds, the onset of shivering, as reflected in the oxygen uptake $$\dot VO_2$$ response, occurred at significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) ΔT ty values in the children [mean (SD): −0.07 (0.07)°C] than in the adults [−0.22 (0.10)°C]. The slope of theE SW/ΔT ty relationship was found to be significantly lower in the children (z = −5.64;P 〈 0.05), while the slopes of the $$\dot VO_2$$ /ΔT ty relationship were not significantly different (z = −0.84;P 〉 0.05). Skin blood perfusion was measured at the forehead (SkBP), and the slope of the SkBP/ΔT ty relationship across the nullzone was significantly less in the children than in the adults (z = −2.13;P 〈 0.05) with the greatest reduction in perfusion occurring prior to the offset of sweating in the children. The subjective ratings of thermal comfort indicated that the children were more sensitive to changes in core temperature than the adults. It is concluded that maturation plays an important role in modifying thermoregulatory responses to deviations in core temperature. These results suggest that there may be differences in thermoregulatory “strategies” which are maturationally related.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337720

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