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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Social Attachment, Brain Function, and Aggression (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 794 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32516.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Social separation increases alcohol consumption in rhesus monkeys (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 182-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Social separation ; Stress ; Alcohol ; Depression ; Rhesus monkey ; Alcoholism ; Norepinephrine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study used 16 socially reared juvenile rhesus monkeys as subjects to test the hypothesis that social separation promotes alcohol consumption in this species. In the first part of the study, 12 monkeys were intermittently separated from their social groups, while 4 were separated before the beginning of the study and remained continuously separated. Refrigerated water or aspartame-sweetened water (vehicle) containing 6% alcohol (w/v) were presented after 4.5 h of fluid deprivation. Intermittently separated monkeys drank more alcohol during separation than when they were socially housed, and more than the continuously separated monkeys. Stable individual differences in consumption rate developed over repeated separations. These differences were not correlated with consumption of refrigerated water or vehicle, or with differential behavioural (locomotor) responses to social separation. This suggested that some monkeys were predisposed to drink more alcohol than others. The second part of the study determined whether established alcohol/vehicle consumption rates for all 16 monkeys were altered when the monkeys were not water deprived, and then when water and the vehicle were available at the same time as alcohol/vehicle. Among monkeys that drank the most (mean of 2.4 g/kg/h) and the least (mean of 0.8 g/kg/h), alcohol consumption was not affected. These results, combined with previous reports, suggest a neurobiological linkage between genetically based social attachment mechanisms, social stressors, and vulnerability to alcohol abuse and addiction in primates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431706
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mutual antagonism of behavioral effects of TRH and thiobarbiturate on an operant task in rhesus monkeys (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 61 (1979), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Thyrotropin releasing hormone ; Thiobarbiturate ; Rhesus monkeys ; Rate of responding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Similar excitatory or depressant response rate dependent effects on monkeys responding on a variable interval reinforcement schedule were observed following intravenous administration of either thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or thiobarbiturate. However, these agents were mutally antagonistic when given together even though the response rate altering effects of each agent were in the same direction. These findings establish an additional behavioral effect of exogenously administered TRH in primates and suggest that barbiturates might alter behavior in part through an interaction with brain TRH receptive mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426819
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of alcohol on the despair response to peer separation in rhesus monkeys (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 73 (1981), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol ; Rhesus monkey ; Social separation ; Despair
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In humans, alcoholism and depression are often interrelated. This study examines the effects of alcohol on peer separation-induced despair in rhesus monkeys, a proposed nonhuman primate model of depression. Alcohol, at three different dose levels, or placebo was administered to rhesus monkeys undergoing repeated peer separation. Low-dose alcohol (1 g/kg/day) decreased separation-induced despair, whereas high-dose alcohol (3 g/kg/day) exacerbated the despair response as compared to placebo. This biphasic effect of alcohol on the despair response may be analogous to similar effects of alcohol on depression in humans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426455
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypersensitivity to d-amphetamine several years after early social deprivation in rhesus monkeys (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 82 (1984), S. 266-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Rhesus monkey ; Schizophrenia ; d-Amphetamine ; Norepinephrine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Social deprivation of rhesus monkeys in infancy results in increased sensitivity to psychotic-like behavioral effects of low doses of d-amphetamine given 2–3 years later. These behavioral effects are associated with increased levels of CSF norepinephrine. These data suggest that social developmental factors could be partially responsible for variation in neurochemical responses and long-lasting differential sensitivity of primates to the psychosis-inducing effects of d-amphetamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427788
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of alcohol on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine in rhesus monkeys (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 85 (1985), S. 444-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Norepinephrine ; Alcohol ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Rhesus monkey ; Depression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Alcohol (1–3 g/kg) significantly increased the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine (NE) in rhesus monkeys. This effect is consistent with the previously demonstrated activational and possible antidepressant effect of low doses of alcohol. The greatest increase was observed in subjects with low baseline levels of CSF NE. Individual differences in activation or euphoria could be related to differential increases in CSF NE following alcohol consumption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429662
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of 6-hydroxydopamine to deplete brain catecholamines in the rhesus monkey: effects on urinary catecholamine metabolites and behavior (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 73 (1981), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rhesus monkey ; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) ; Catecholamines ; Social behavior ; Operant performance ; Dyskinesia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) whether 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), previously shown to deplete brain catecholamines (CA) in rodents, depletes brain CA in rhesus monkeys; 2) whether depletion of brain CA produces changes in behavior; and, 3) whether urinary output of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) reflects brain norepinephrine (NE) depletions. Repeated intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 6-OHDA (N=20; 15.5–73.3 mg/subject) produced chronic changes in social behavior and, at higher dosages, reduced output of urinary MHPG. However, 4 weeks after the last ICV 6-OHDA injection, urinary MHPG excretion returned to baseline values and whole brain CA content was not reliably different from control. A single treatment with 6-OHDA microinjected into the substantia nigra (SN) (N=12; 120–240 μg/subject) produced chronic whole brain depletions of brain CA without depleting serotonin. Reductions in brain CA were associated with a specific set of motor behaviors, aphagia, and adipsia. SN 6-OHDA produced greater brain NE depletions than ICV 6-OHDA, but urinary MHPG output was not reduced. SN 6-OHDA treated subjects showed chronic changes in social behavior and were more sensitive to the operant response rate decreasing effects of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) than control subjects. Subjects with the largest depletions of brain dopamine (DA) (〉90%) were hypokinetic, rigid, and had a distal limb tremor. These results show that SN but not ICV injection of 6-OHDA can deplete brain CA in the rhesus monkey. The most prominent behavioral changes were characterized bydisturbances in motor function. Urinary MPHG output does not reflect depletions of brain NE in this species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431091
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