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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 231-242 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transfer properties of the ionic species involved in the Williamson ether synthesis by phase-transfer catalysis were investigated using electrochemical techniques developed for the study of polarised liquid/liquid interfaces. This approach allows the measurement of the apparent partition coefficients of the transferring species. From these data, it is proposed that the role of the phase-transfer catalyst salt in the reaction mechanism is to establish a Galvani distribution potential difference between the two phases which in turn acts as the driving force for transferring the reactive aqueous ions to the organic phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Battery-powered, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices have been used to develop a programmable function generator. When used in conjunction with commercially available, battery-powered potentiostats or electrometers and recording devices, the technique of field-based direct current stripping voltammetry becomes available. The instrumental performance of a range of modular, battery-powered instruments has been evaluated with conventional and microsized electrodes and compared with ac-powered laboratory instruments using conventionally sized electrodes. Stripping experiments with the field-based instrument and with microelectrodes can be carried out under linear potential sweep conditions because the limit of detection is similar to that obtained with transient techniques at conventional sized electrodes. Other simplifications to the instrumentation and voltammetric procedures that are valuable in field-based studies (e.g., neither stirring nor deoxygenation of the solutions is required) also are achieved by using microelectrodes and are illustrated by the determination of copper in a river water sample.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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