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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Musculoskeletal disorders among female dental personnel – clinical examination and a 5-year follow-up study of symptoms (1999)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 395-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Musculoskeletal system ; Signs and symptoms ; Diagnosis ; Dentist ; Dental hygienist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To explore the natural course of musculoskeletal disorders during a 5-year period among dental personnel, to survey findings and diagnoses according to a standardized protocol, and to compare and evaluate different methods for the detection of musculoskeletal disorders in a population. Methods: In a 5-year follow-up study, dental personnel (n = 90) and referents (n = 30) were studied. The Nordic questionnaire (years 0 and 5), the present pain rating according to the Borg category ratio scale, and physical examination (year 5) were used. Results: In year 0 the prevalence of symptoms in the shoulders, the wrists/hands, and, unexpectedly, the hips was higher in the dental personnel as compared with the referents. Furthermore, those (16%) who had left the dental profession during the observation period showed a higher prevalence of and, often, combined symptoms from several body regions in year 0 than did those who stayed. Dental personnel who remained in the profession tended to have an increased risk of developing more symptoms in the shoulders and the elbows/wrists/hands in year 5 as compared with year 0 and at year 5 were in more pain and had received more diagnoses for the neck/shoulder region relative to the referents. Furthermore, there was a considerable variation in symptoms during the follow-up period. The sensitivity of the pain rating and of the Nordic questionnaire in detecting musculoskeletal disorders was high for the neck and shoulders but was not as high for the elbow, wrists/hands, or hips. The association was better for diagnoses than for findings. The opposite patterns were observed for specificity. Conclusions: Dental personnel had an increased risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders as verified by symptoms and diagnoses and more painful or persistent conditions. This led to a selection out of work. The questionnaire and the present pain rating gave a relatively good picture of the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders arising from the neck, shoulders, and hips and would be useful as screening tools. Their sensitivity in detecting disorders was higher for diagnoses than for findings. However, these methods were not as sensitive for disorders involving the elbows/wrists/hands. Physical examinations gave more detailed information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050391
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantifying work load in neck, shoulders and wrists in female dentists (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1997), S. 461-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Electromyography ; Muscles of the forearm ; Musculoskeletal disorders ; Upper extremity ; Work posture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective: To assess the work load in neck and upper limbs of dentists. Methods: Twelve right-handed female dentists (six with and six without a history of definite neck/shoulder disorders, pair-wise matched for age) were studied when performing authentic dental work. Electromyography (EMG) was used to quantify the muscular load of the shoulders bilaterally and of the right forearm. Positions and movements of the head and wrists were measured, using inclinometers and electrogoniometers. Results: During work, the median load for the right upper trapezius muscle was 8.4% of the maximal voluntary EMG activity (MVE); during 90% of the time the load was ?3.3% MVE (“static” load). The figures were somewhat lower on the left side (7.0% and 2.5% MVE, respectively). Subjects with disorders had over all lower load levels for the trapezius muscles, although not statistically significant at 〈0.05, than those without disorders. During a standardized reference contraction for the trapezius, the load was 17% MVE, and the quotient between MVE and torque [normalized to maximal voluntary torque (MVC)] was 0.5. These figures may be used for transformations. The muscular load on the right forearm was similar to the loads on the trapezius. The head was, on average, forward tilted ?39°, and during 10% of the time ?49°. The left hand was held in more static positions, with palmar flexion and ulnar deviation, also reflected by lower angular velocities and repetitiveness, as compared with the right one, which was dorsiflexed. Conclusions: Dentists are exposed to high load on the trapezius muscles bilaterally, and steep, prolonged forward bending of the head. Further, for the wrists the postures were constrained, but the dynamic demands were low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050175
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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