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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Modified Shewhart charts were constructed with weight loss, Haugh units and yolk index for storage of untreated, soda lime, water glass or oil coated and thermostabilized eggs. The data obtained showed differences between the treatments, and control charts derived therefrom illustrate maintenance within limits of the inevitable quality loss which accompanies storage of eggs. Knowledge of the trends make it possible to readjust the storage conditions to prolong the period before violation of acceptable limits comes into play.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 18 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Drying behavior of a single baking biscuit was modeled using unsteady state, anisotropic, two dimensional, simultaneous heat and mass balances. Solutions of these equations agreed well with the experimentally determined temperature and the moisture data. Modeling revealed that in the outer sections of the baking biscuit conduction and diffusion were the dominant heat and mass transfer mechanisms, respectively. In the central section of the biscuit the gas cells cracked with the increased vapor pressure and the upward volume expansion, then air/vapor enclaves were formed among the horizontal dough layers in the radial direction. the dominant heat and mass transfer mechanisms in the central section of the biscuit were convection. Presence of two different regime zones in a baking biscuit may have important consequences concerning the strength of the commercial products against crumbling during marketing and consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 21 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the first stage of this study experimental data were obtained by using a lab scale batch type dryer, operating under various constant temperature/constant relative humidity combinations; then a mathematical model was determined for the effective diffusivity of moisture in spaghetti. In the second stage of the study the model obtained in the lab scale batch type dryer was used to calculate the moisture content of the spaghetti leaving continuous industrial scale dryer, and its success was tested by comparing with the experimentally determined moisture content of the product. The model was not found successful and corrected. Mathematical models based on experimental data obtained in a bench-top laboratory dryer underestimated the apparent equilibrium moisture content and over estimated the effective diffusivity of water in spaghetti in industrial scale continuous drying equipment. The structural differences in the product, extrapolation of the data beyond the range of the original experiments, variations in mode (batch versus continuous), surface-to-volume ratios, flow patterns, and geometry associated with each drying system were anticipated as the cause of the scale up problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 199 (1994), S. 201-205 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Construction of modified Shewhart charts to monitor quality variations of apricots coated with edible sucrose polyesters in storage are described by using data based on changes in weight, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, and Hunter colour scale. These control charts may be used to maintain the inevitable quality loss within acceptable limits, and make it possible to readjust the storage conditions if the acceptable limits should be violated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Darstellung von Qualitätsveränderungen in modifizierten Shewhart-Diagrammen wurde am Beispiel der Lagerung von Aprikosen, die mit Saccharosepolyestern konserviert sind, erprobt. Als Qualitätsparameter dienten Veränderungen des Gewichts, der löslichen Feststoffe, des pH-Wertes, des Ascorbinsäuregehaltes und der Farbskala nach Hunter. Die Kontrolldiagramme können helfen, unvermeidbare Qualitätsverluste in akzeptablen Grenzen zu halten und ermöglichen es, die Lagerbedingungen zu optimieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 201 (1995), S. 40-45 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Drying of apple slices was studied in a conventional tray drier (initial slice thickness=0.3–1.0 cm, drier temperature=60–100 °C) and in a computer-controlled tunnel drier (initial slice thickness=0.8 cm, air tempera ture=50–100 °C, air flow rate=2.4 m/s). In most of the experiments the drying behaviour was characterized by a constant rate period, followed by a falling rate period. The constant rate drying period did not occur, and the colour of the dried slices was improved substantially with tunnel drying under computer control, when a linearly decreasing temperature profile from 100 °C to 70 °C was used. The quality improvement may be attributed partly ot the elimination of the continuous water film covering the surface in the constant rate drying period, which may serve as a medium for the reaction and transport of the chemical species.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Apfelscheiben (0,3–1,0 cm) wurden in einem konventionellen Hordentrockner (60 bis 100 °C) und einem rechnerkontrollierten Tunneltrockner (Scheiben 0,8 cm, Lufttemperatur 50 bis 100 °C, Luftfluß 2,4 m · s−1) getrocknet. Bei den meisten Experimenten wurde eine zweiphasige Trocknung beobachtet. Eine regelmäßige Trocknung fand dagegen bei einem gesteuerten, linearen Temperaturgradienten von 100 zu 70 °C statt. Dies verbesserte die Qualität der Produkte, offensichtlich wegen des Vermeidens einer Wasserfilm-Bildung auf den Oberflächen der Apfelstücke während des Trocknens. Ein derartiger Film kann ein Medium für Reaktionen und den Transport von Reaktanden Scin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 29 (1988), S. 536-543 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Large amounts of data indicated that most of the metabolic processes of the acidogenic (acid producing) and the solventogenic (solvent producing) fermentations were regulated by product accumulation. A simple unstructured model simulated microbial growth, product formation and substrate utilization in six different fermentations, where five different microorganisms produced various combinations of ten different products. Specific growth rates of these microorganisms decreased proportionally with overall product accumulation. The products were excreted in non-growth associated pattern. Excretion of some of these products were inhibited by the overall product accumulation similarly as the microbial growth. A substrate consumption model which considered the biomass and individually all the products as separate substrate sinks simulated the data satisfactorily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 196 (1993), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Optimization of microbial death, enzyme inactivation and vitamin C retention during pasteurization of pH-adjusted orange juice is discussed free of equipmentdependent parameters such as the heating lag. The pH-temperature optimum was determined by response surface methodology in the range of 65° C–75° C and pH 2.5–4.0. The results implied that there was no pectinesterase activity below pH 3.5.Leuconostoc mesenteroides had its maximum and minimum thermal resistance at pH 3.5 and pH 2.7, respectively. For an ideal theoretical process requiring four log cycles of microbial reduction the optimum pasteurization conditions were 12 min at 75° C and pH 2.7.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Optimierung der mikrobiellen Abtötung, Enzyminaktivierung und Vitamin-C-Retention während der Pasteurisierung von Orangensaft mit verschiedenen pH-Werten wird, frei von Anlageneinflüssen, wie z. B. Erhitzungsverzögerungen, diskutiert. Das Temperatur-pH-Wert-Optimum wurde mit der „response surface“-Methode im Temperaturbereich von 65 bis 75 °C und pH-Werten zwischen 2,5 und 4,0 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, daß unter pH 3,5 keine Pectinesteraseaktivität mehr vorliegt.Leuconostoc mesentroides wies bei pH 2,7 minimale und bei pH 3,5 maximale Hitzeresistenz auf. In einem idealen theoretischen Pasteurisierungsprozeß, der eine Reduzierung der mikrobiellen Belastung um vier Größenordnungen erfordert, liegen die optimalen Bedingungen bei 12 min, 75 °C und einem pH-Wert von 2,7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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