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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human factor .hivin.D of the alternative complement pathway. Physicochemical characteristics and N-terminal amino acid sequence (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 18 (1979), S. 5082-5087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00590a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS IN EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: A Genomic Perspective of Tuberculosis, Malaria, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Hepatitis B, and Cholera1 (2000)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 21 (2000), S. 15-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On exposure to a pathogen, a host may resist infection, become subclinically infected, or progress through several stages from mild to severe infection. Chronic sequelae may or may not occur. Host factors, particularly host genes, influence many of these stages. We have used a model of the continuum of pathogenesis of infectious diseases to consider the effect of host genes on five pathogens of significant public health burden: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium species, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Vibrio cholerae. The relationships between these infections and polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen, cytokines, other immune response, or pathogen receptor genes are reviewed. We discuss gene-gene interactions and their effects in complex settings, such as coinfections with several pathogens. Priorities for prevention and control of these pathogens include vaccines and antimicrobial drugs. Research on how host genes can influence vaccine responses and the efficacy of drugs or other interventions, as well as further research into the relationship of host genes to infectious disease outcomes, may lead to new strategies for prevention and control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.15
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properdin factor B and histocompatibility loci linked in the rhesus monkey (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 609-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Genetic polymorphism of properdin factor B9 is linked to HL-A in man10, and the recognition of factor B polymorphism in the rhesus monkey11 provided the opportunity to test for such linkage in this species. Our results suggest close linkage between the Bf (factor B) locus and various genetic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/254609a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of the Complement System (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 475 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb20854.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended MHC Haplotypes in Salt-Losing 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 458 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb14586.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic polymorphism of serum complement components in the chimpanzee (1980)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 10 (1980), S. 455-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Significant polymorphism of serum complement components Bf, C2, C3, C6, and C8 in the chimpanzee has been demonstrated. The data are consistent with the hypothesis thatC2 andBf are closely linked toChLA and argue against close linkage ofChLA toC3 or toC8, as in man. In addition, a blank allele for C6 and C6 deficiency was detected in several chimps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01572581
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage disequilibrium of HLA-SB1 with the HLA-A1, B8, DR3, SCO1 and of HLA-SB4 with the HLA-A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4, SC21 extended haplotypes (1984)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 20 (1984), S. 623-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Homozygous typing cells from 13 normal HLA-A1, B8, Dw3, DR3 and five normal HLA-A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 individuals were typed for the following markers: HLA-SB, MB, MT; complement proteins BF, C2, C4A, C4B; and GLO. Ninety-one percent of A1, B8, Dw3, DR3 homozygous individuals (HI) tested were homozygous for BF * S, C2 * C, C4A * QO, and C4B *1 (SCO1 complotype), which indicates that the SCO1 complotype is in linkage disequilibrium with the A1, B8, DR3 haplotype in randomly selected normal populations. Sixty-seven percent of HLA-A1, B8, Dw3, DR3, SCO1 positive HI also expressed SB1; since the frequency of SB 1 in random Caucasian populations is 11.2%, this finding indicates that SB1 is in linkage disequilibrium with the A1, B8, DR3, SCO1 extended haplotype. All HI with the A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 haplotype were homozygous for both SC21 and SB4, suggesting that SC21 and SB4 should be included in the A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 extended haplotype. On the other hand, neither of the GLO markers were found in association with either haplotype. The results of this study indicate that HLA-SB is included in some extended haplotypes and may be important in these markers for diseases such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study also demonstrated an apparent influence of HLA-SB on primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses. The mean relative response of primary MLCs between individuals matched for HLA-A, B, D, DR, MB and MT but not SB was 40% of that for the MLCs with mismatched HLA-D, significantly higher than the MLCs matched for all HLA and complotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430320
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    There are two C4 genetic loci and a null allele in the chimpanzee (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 26 (1987), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic polymorphism in C4 in the chimpanzee was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis of desialated plasma and development of patterns by immunofixation with antiserum to human C4 and by a C4-sensitive hemolytic overlay. In general, immunofixation patterns showed multiple partially overlapping bands of which only the most cathodal had strong hemolytic activity. In analogy to human C4, the latter were designated C4B, whereas those detected by immunofixation which had little hemolytic activity were designated C4A. Chimp C4A and C4B reacted with human and mouse (monoclonal) anti-C4B and human anti-Ch1 but neither reacted with monoclonal anti-C4A or human anti-Ch2, Ch3, Rg1, or Rg2. On sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the alpha chain of C4B showed a slightly lower apparent relative mass than that of C4A at around M r 93 000. There were three C4A variants and two C4B variants inherited in families as autosomal codominant traits, as C4A-C4B cosegregating pairs with no detectable crossing-over. These pairs were inherited with chimpanzee leukocyte antigen types C2 and BF variants without detectable crossing-over. Half-null C4 haplotypes with C4B *Q0 were observed in family studies. Nine BF, C2, C4A, C4B allelic haplotypic combinations (complotypes) were identified among presumably unrelated chimpanzees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-DQ RFLP variants of five HLA-DQw2-bearing major histocompatability complex extended haplotypes (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 32 (1990), S. 88-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have analyzed genomic DNA in a large number of independent examples of five HLA-DQw2-bearing extended haplotypes for their associated subtypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using DRB, DQA, and DQB probes after Taq I and Pst I digestion and Southern blotting. In addition to three previously described HLA-DQw2 subtypes, DQw2a, DQw2b, and DQw2c, we observed a fourth subtype, HLA-DQw2d, characterized by 5.8 kilobase (kb) DRB/Taq I, 2.4, 2.3, and 1.8 kb DQB/Taq I, and 8.0 and 2.3 kb DQA/Pst I fragments. All 22 independent examples of the extended haplotype [HLA-B8,SCO1,DR3] carried DQw2a and all 11 independent examples of [HLA-B18,F1C30,DR3] carried DQw2b. In addition, all independent examples (21 and 4, respectively) of two DR7-carrying extended haplotypes, [HLA-B44,FC31,DR7] and [HLA-Bw47,FC91,0,DR7], carried DQw2c and all independent examples of [HLA-Bw57,SC61,DR7] carried DQw2d. Our results show that the DNA in the DR/DQ region of extended haplotypes is relatively fixed and that different DQw2 subtypes characterize different DQw2-bearing extended haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210445
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polymorphisms in the HLA-B region with extended haplotypes (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 33 (1991), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genomic probes from the HLA-B region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were used to study the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) with various MHC alleles, complotypes, and extended haplotypes. The two DNA probes, M20A and R5A, were derived from previously cloned cosmids and are located 38 and 110 kilobases (kb) centromeric to HLa-B, respectively. Five different RFLP variants occuring in five different haplotypic combinations were detected within a panel of 40 homozygous-typing cells and cells from 21 families using Bst EII. In two informative families with HLA-B/DR recombinations the inheritance of the RFLP variants was consistent with their mapping between HLA-B and complotypes. The R5A/M20A haplotypic pattern 6.5 kb/3.0 kb (A) had a normal Caucasian frequency of approximately 0.43 and was found in all independent examples of the extended haplotypes [HLA-B8,SC01,DR3], [HLA-B18,F1C30, DR3], [HLa-Bw62,SC33,Dr4], [HLa-B44,SC30,Dr4], and [HLA-Bw47,FC91,0DR7]. The patterns of 6.9 kb/ 3.0 kb (B), 6.5 kb/4.7 kb (C), 1.45 kb/3.0 kb (D), and 6.9 kb/4.7 kb (E) had normal Caucasian frequencies of approximately 0.23, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.04 and were found on all independent examples of [HLA-B38,SC21, DR4], [HLA-Bw57,SC61,DR7], [HLA-B7,SC31,DR2], and [HLA-B44,FC31,DR7], respectively. Individual complotypes or HLA-B alleles which were markers of extended haplotypes showed variable associations. For example, HLA-B7 and the complotype SC31 were associated with all R5A/M20A RFLP haplotypes except haplotype E, although [HLA-B7,SC31,DR7] was associated exclusively with haplotype D. HLA-B27, not known to be part of an extended haplotype, was suprisingly exclusively associated with the 6.5 kb/4.7 kb or C haplotypic pattern in all five instances tested. These findings support the concept of regional conservation of DNA on independent examples of extended haplotypes. The results also further characterize these haplotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211689
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