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  • 1
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 59-65 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Colorectal cancer ; Bowel obstruction ; Perforation ; Prognostic factors ; Late results. ; Schlüsselwörter: Colorectales Carcinom ; Ileus ; Perforation ; prognostische Faktoren ; Langzeitergebnisse.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es, postoperative und Langzeitergebnisse des Operationskonzeptes einer radikalen Tumorchirurgie beim komplizierten colorectalen Carcinom zu analysieren. 126 (11,7 %) von 1.071 im Zeitraum 1986 bis 1997 wegen eines Dickdarmcarcinoms behandelten Patienten kamen wegen eines Ileus (84; 7,8 %) oder einer Perforation (42; 3,9 %) zur Operation. Die postoperative Letalität lag mit 19 % beim Ileus und 38 % bei Perforationen signifikant höher als bei unkomplizierten Carcinomen (6 %). Bei beiden Komplikationen war die postoperative Sterblichkeit beim Vorliegen eines präoperativen Organversagens erhöht. Nach Perforationen führten das Vorliegen einer diffusen Peritonitis und höherer Tumorstadien, beim Ileus kardiale Begleiterkrankungen zu erhöhten Letalitätsraten. Die Langzeitergebnisse waren nicht vom Auftreten einer Komplikation, sondern von den Tumorstadien abhängig. Das Konzept einer radikalen Tumorresektion, auch in Akutsituationen, ist nach unseren Resultaten zu befürworten, da Patienten, die die postoperative Phase überleben, keine schlechtere Prognose hatten, als jene mit unkomplizierten Carcinomen.
    Notes: Summary. The aim of this study was to investigate postoperative und long-term results after radical tumor surgery in complicated colorectal cancers. One hundred and twenty-six (11.7 %) of 1071 patients treated for large bowel cancer between 1986 and 1997 were operated on for bowel obstruction (84; 7.8 %) or perforation (42; 3.9 %). Postoperative mortality was significantly higher in complicated than in uncomplicated cancers (19 % after bowel obstruction, 38 % after perforation, 6 % in uncomplicated cases). Development of preoperative organ dysfunction determined survival in both complications. Mortality after perforations was influenced by the degree of peritonitis and tumor stage, while patients after bowel obstruction were at greater risk in the case of cardiac comorbidity. Long-term results depended on tumor stage but not on complications. Our concept of radical tumor surgery in emergency operations was supported by the fact that long-term results of patients surviving the acute stage of complicated colorectal cancers did not differ from those of patients with uncomplicated carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Hartmann's operation ; Long-term results ; Quality of life. ; Schlüsselwörter: Hartmann-Operation ; Langzeitergebnisse ; Lebensqualität.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Hartmann-Operation, die von der Mehrzahl der Chirurgen als Standardeingriff bei perforierten Colonprozessen und Vorliegen einer Peritonitis angesehen wird, wurde in den letzten Jahren wiederholt kritisiert. Von den Befürwortern einzeitiger Therapieverfahren wurden ihr schlechte postoperative (hohe Morbidität und Letalität) und Langzeitergebnisse (geringe Reanastomosierungsraten) vorgeworfen. Das Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es, zu analysieren, inwieweit diese Kritik aus der Sicht der Langzeitergebnisse gerechtfertigt ist. Methode: Bei 103 Patienten erfolgte in den Jahren 1982–1997 eine Hartmann-Operation wegen perforierter Colonprozesse. In 63 % waren entzündliche Erkrankungen Ursache der Dickdarmkomplikationen. Der mittlere Mannheimer Peritonitis Index (MPI) der Patienten betrug 19. 17 Patienten verstarben postoperativ (Letalität 16,5 %). 69 Patienten (80 %) wurden nach einem medianen Intervall von 122 Tagen reanastomosiert (Komplikationsrate: 6 %, Letalität: 0). Bei der Nachuntersuchung wurden der Allgemeinzustand, Änderungen der Wohnsituation, körperliche Beschwerden und die Lebensqualität der Patienten erhoben. Ergebnisse: Daten von 96 % aller Patienten (83) konnten erhoben werden. Das mediane Nachbeobachtungsintervall betrug 75 Monate. Elf Patienten waren zwischenzeitlich verstorben, 72 konnten nachuntersucht werden; 86 % bezeichneten ihre Lebensqualität als gut oder sehr gut, nur 11 % klagten über eine starke Einschränkung ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit. Die Gruppen von rekonstruierten und nicht reanastomosierten Patienten zeigten dabei keine Unterschiede. Anastomosenstenosen traten in 7 % (alle nach maschineller Anastomose) auf. Schlußfolgerung: Unsere Analyse zeigte für die Hartmann-Operation gute Langzeitergebnisse. Ein großer Anteil der Patienten (80 %) kann zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt rekonstruiert werden; die postoperative Morbidität (6 %) und Letalität (0 %) dieser Eingriffe ist gering. Die überwiegende Anzahl der Patienten (86 %) bezeichnet ihre Lebensqualität als gut oder sehr gut, wobei sich die Gruppen der reanastomosierten und nicht rekonstruierten Patienten nicht unterschieden.
    Notes: Summary. Background: Although the majority of surgeons regard Hartmann's operation as therapeutic standard in perforations of the colon complicated by peritonitis this procedure has been critically discussed in recent years. Advocates of one-stage techniques criticized bad postoperative results (high morbidity and mortality) and long-term outcome (low rates of intestinal restoration). The aim of our study was to investigate whether the late results after Hartmann's operation justify this criticism. Method: From 1982 to 1997 Hartmann's operations were performed in 103 patients for colonic perforations. In 63 % of cases inflammatory diseases caused colonic complications. The average Mannheimer Peritonitis Index (MPI) was 19. Seventeen patients died postoperatively (mortality: 16.5 %). In 69 patients (80 %) intestinal restoration could be performed after an average interval of 122 days (complication rate: 6 %, no mortality). On follow-up, patients were asked to give information on their general state, changes of housing, abdominal complaints, and quality of life. Results: Data on 93 % of patients could be obtained. The median follow-up time was 75 months. Eleven patients had died; the remaining 72 were investigated. 86 % described the quality of their lives as good or very good; only 11 % indicated severe loss of activity. Quality of life did not differ between patients in whom intestinal continuity had been restored and those in whom it had not been restored. Anastomotic strictures developed in 7 % of cases, always after stapled anastomosis. Conclusions: According to our results, long-term outcome after Hartmann's operation is good. 80 % of patients underwent intestinal restoration with low morbidity (6 %) and no mortality. A great majority of patients indicated the quality of their lives as good or very good: this assessment was not dependent on restoration of intestinal continuity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 929-931 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words:Clostridium perfringens ; Mediastinitis ; Boerhaave's syndrome ; Esophagectomy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Clostridium perfringens ; Mediastinitis ; Boerhaave-Syndrom ; Oesophagektomie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Sowohl das Auftreten einer durch Clostridium perfringens hervorgerufenen Mediastinitis als auch einer spontanen Oesophagusruptur stellt eine Diagnose dar, die mit einer hohen Letalität einhergeht. Die Kombination beider Krankheitsbilder führte bei einer 38 jährigen Patientin zu einem septischen Multiorganversagen, das mittels Oesophagektomie mit kollarer Fistel, Gastrostomie und postoperativer Lavage durch ein Laparostoma erfolgreich behandelt wurde. Das anamnestische Fehlen des Leitsymptoms Erbrechen und das erst spät ausgebildete Vollbild der Symptomentrias (Erbrechen, heftigster epigastrischer Schmerz und Hautemphysem) hatte zu einer verzögerten Diagnose geführt.
    Notes: Summary. Mediastinitis caused by infection with Clostridium perfringens and spontaneous rupture of the esophagus are both life threatening conditions. The combination of these two entities led to septic multiorgan failure in a 38-year-old woman. The patient was treated successfully by esophagectomy and postoperative lavage through a partially open abdomen. The lack of information regarding emesis, the leading symptom of Boerhaave's syndrome, caused delayed diagnosis: the triad of emesis, severe epigastric pain and emphysema of the skin was not established until 30 h after the onset of symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of urology 7 (1989), S. 122-128 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endoscopic removal of gallbladder stones via a percutaneous transperitoneal approach appears to be an attractive alternative to surgical cholecystectomy, provided that the gallbladder is normal. Compared with ESWL and adjunctive chemolysis, this procedure offers the advantage of immediate removal of all stone material, regardless of its composition. In 20 patients subjected to this method in a 10-month period, it was successful in 14 patients, with minimal morbidity and an average hospitalisation of 4 days. The procedure failed and cholecystectomy had to be carried out because the tract could not be established in two patients, because of problems with disintegrating large stones in three and because of late biliary leakage in one patient. The experience suggests that the results should be improved considerably by limiting the method to stones 〈3cm in diameter and by excluding very mobile gallbladders or designing a technique to hold them in place during percutaneous manipulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 20 (1879), S. 197-197 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SAW a bright meteor at Bath last night. It flashed into sight at a spot some 10° to the south of Arcturus at 10.38 P.M. The duration of its visibility was between two and three seconds, the direction of its path very nearly north-east to south-west, its brilliancy quite that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Vasoactive drugs ; Norepinephrine ; Sepsis ; Hemodynamic ; Hyperdynamic shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism and renal function in patients with severe septic shock. Design Prospective study. Setting Post-operative ICU in a municipal general hospital. Patients The study included 56 patients with extreme low resistance states due to abdominal sepsis, who remained hypotensive (MAP〈60 mmHg) despite optimal fluid therapy and dopamine〉20μg/kg/min and cumulative doses of dopamine and dobutamine〉30μg/kg/min, respectively. Interventions After registration of baseline values dopamine was reduced to 2.5μg/kg/min, and norepinephrine was administered starting at a dose of 0.05 μg/kg/min until a mean arterial pressure of more than 60 mmHg could be maintained. Measurements and results During norepinephrine infusion (dosage ranging between 0.1–2μg/kg/min, mean dose rate: 0.4μg/kg/min) mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index increased significantly (p〈0.001). After 8h a significant increase in stroke volume (p〈0.05) and decrease in heart rate (P〈0.05) could be observed. There was no significant change in cardiac index (CI), oxygen delivery (O2AVI) and oxygen consumption (VO2I). Creatinine clearance increased significantly (p〈0.005) from a control value of 75±37 ml/min to 102±43 ml/min after 48 h NE-trearment. Conclusion Our results suggest that norepinephrine can be used safely in the treatment of severe septic shock states. Mean arterial pressure and glomerular filtration rate improved markedly without deleterious effects on CI, O2AVI and VO2I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 9 (1994), S. 158-162 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une perforation colique est une urgence abdominal grevée d'une mortalité et d'une morbidité élevées. Cette étude rétrospective a été entreprise pour évaluer la valuer pronostique d'une série de facteurs et pour caractériser les patients présentant le plus haut risque de complications. Cent-douze patients (61 femmes et 51 hommes) ont été traités pour des perforations coliques entre 1979 et 1992. La diverticulite (65 patients = 58%) et le cancer (24 patients=21%) sont les pathologies les plus courantes. Dans 62 cas (55%) la perforation était couverte, chez 50 malades (45%) elle était en péritoine libre. Trente-quatre (30%) étaient porteurs d'une péritonite diffuse. Une résection avec anastomose premiè a été réalisée 43 fois (7 fois avec une colostomie de protection). La résection sans rétablissement de la continuité immédiate a été réalisée 53 fois (49 fois selon le procédé de Hartmann). Une suture avec drainage a été réalisée 16 fois, le plus souvent après des perforations iatrogéniques (8 fois avec une colostomie protectrice). La moratalité globale était de 19,6% (22 patients). L'importance pronostique des différents facteurs a été étudiée par une analyse de variables isolées (tests de Wilcoxon et Chi-square) et une analyse des facteurs de régression incluant le sexe, l'âge, la pathologie sous-jacente, la localisation, le type de perforation, le degré de péritonite, les défaillances organiques pré- et post-opératoires, la technique chirurgicale, les réopérations, l'asepsie et l'index de péritonite de Mannheim (MPI). Les seuls facteurs de pronostic qui ont été identifiés sont: l'âge au-delà de 65 ans (un risque relatif de 4,6, P=0.0089), une défaillance organique (risque relatif de 40, P=0.001) et l'index MPI (risque relatif pour une augmentation de 10 points 2,72, P=0.001). L'évolution du patient est déterminée par l'état septique alors que la pathologie sous-jacente et le degré de péritonite n'ont pas d'influence sur la survie.
    Notes: Abstract Colonic perforation is an abdominal emergency with high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of several factors and to characterize patients at high risk. One hundred and twelve patients (61 women, 51 men) were treated for colonic perforation from 1979 to 1992. Diverticulitis [65 patients (58%)] and carcinoma [24 patients (21%)] were the commonest pathology. In 62 cases (55%) perforation was found to be covered; 50 (45%) times it was free. 34 (30%) patients had diffuse peritonitis. Resection with primary anastomosis was performed 43 times (7 times with a protective colostomy). Resection without restoration of the intestinal continuity was carried out 53 times (including 49 Hartmann operations). Suture with drainage was performed 16 times mainly after iatrogenic perforation (8 times with a colostomy). The overall mortality was 19.6% (22 patients). The prognostic importance of various factors was investigated by univariate analysis (Wilcoxon and Chi-square test) and stepwise logistic regression including sex, age, underlying disease, localization and type of perforation, degree of peritonits, per-or postoperative organ failure, surgical procedure, reoperation, sepsis and the Mannheimer Peritonitis Index (MPI) score. Age over 65 years (relative risk 4.6, P=0.0089), organ failure (relative risk 40, P=0.001) and MPI (relative risk for an increase of 10 points 2.72, P=0.001) proved to be the only risk factors of significance. The patient's course is determined by the septic state, while the underlying pathology and degree of peritonitis did not significantly influence survival.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: cell-cell interactions ; normal human and rat colonic mucosa ; primary culture ; survival factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary cultures of normal colonic epithelial cells from both humans (HCEC) and rats (RCEC) have been established using coculture with colon fibroblasts isolated from rat term embryos. While no other factors we have analyzed had any effect on the survival of epithelial cells, which is normally 3–4 days, coculture with viable fibroblasts extended this period to at least 2 weeks. The effects depended on early passages and low seeding densities of the fibroblasts and on direct cell–cell contact. We have obtained cultures of epithelial cells expressing keratin, laminin, and uvomorulin, displaying a polygonal, epithelial morphology and forming microvilli. DNA synthesis as measured by BrdU uptake into DNA varied widely between colonies of the same culture depending on cell morphology: flat colonies of RCECs contained 5.7%±0.56% BrdU-positive cells, while the proportion in dense three-dimensional colonies reached 50.3%±2.6%. In HCECs the growth fraction was lower, but showed the same distribution between classes of colonies. In the presence of rat embryonic colon fibroblasts, growth factors exerted survival activity on colonic epithelial cells. Consecutive addition of insulin and epidermal growth factor/fibroblast growth factor (EGF/FGF) increased colony number (15.0±1.0 and 23.0±2.0 colonies/well respectively; p≤0.05 increased above control) and size (1022±155 and 1207±158 cells/colony respectively; p≤0.05 increased above control) compared to serum-free control medium and basic MEM without growth factors. BrdU labeling index was not increased, however: EGF/FGF actually decreased BrdU labeling from 33.2%±3.9% in controls to 21.3%±3.8% in the EGF/FGF group (p≤0.05) owing to the high proportion of flat colonies consisting of resting cells. The newly established culture model can now be used to investigate growth control mechanisms in colonic mucosa and the effects of toxic and/or tumor-promoting substances on these mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 378 (1993), S. 185-187 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Peritonitis ; Continuous torso-ventral lavage procedure ; Incise Pouch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Therapiekonzept der Behandlung schwerster Formen der Peritonitis bei Ein- oder Multiorganversagen ist das “offene Abdomen” kombiniert mit dorsoventraler Dauerspülung. Besonders bei der Dauerspulung treten gehäuft technische, intensiv-medizinische und pflegerische Probleme auf. Mit Hilfe des Incise Pouch und der von uns beschriebenen Technik ist es jedoch gelungen, folgende Probleme zu beherrschen: (1) Die exakte Bilanzierung größerer Spülmengen durch Sammeln der Spülflüssigkeit im Incise Pouch und Absaugen derselben mittels darin plazierter Saugdrainagen. (2) Die Möglichkeit der absolut trockenen Lagerung des Patienten. (3) Die Ausschaltung der Gefahr des Auftretens von Darmfisteln oder Arrosionsblutungen durch in traabdominell liegende Saugdrainagen. Operative Revisionen („on demand” oder geplant) können problemlos durchgeführt werden, ebenso wird das frühzeitige Erkennen und Therapieren von postoperativen Komplikationen durch diese Technik ermöglicht.
    Notes: Abstract Dorso-ventral lavage procedures in the treatment of abdominal sepsis are often complicated by technical and nursing problems. With the help of the Incise Pouch, which consists of an adhesive foil with a plastic bag around it, we have succeeded in solving the main problems of the torso-ventral lavage procedure. (1) All the lavage solution is collected in the bag and drawn into a vacuum pump. The suction drains are placed directly in the bag. This enables us to measure the lavage solution exactly. (2) There is no leakage of liquid into the bed, so that the patient remains dry. (3) The danger of intestinal fistulas or intraabdominal bleeding caused by suction drains is eliminated (by putting them into the bag of the Incise Pouch). If reexploration of the abdominal cavity (“on demand” or planned) is done, the Incise Pouch remains in position. This method makes early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications possible.
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