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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Pollen-Wall Proteins as Recognition Substances in Interspecific Incompatibility in Poplars (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 237 (1972), S. 381-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Proteins in pollen grain walls are essential for germination in poplars; they also affect the incompatibility systems on which pollen tube growth is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/237381a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacuole motility and tubule-forming activity inPisolithus tinctorius hyphae are modified by environmental conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 198 (1997), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Tubular vacuoles ; Pisolithus tinctorius ; Endosomes ; 6-Carboxyfluorescein ; Long-distance transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Motile tubular vacuole systems have been visualised using DIC optics in living hyphae ofPisolithus tinctorius without loading of any fluorescent tracer. Adding new medium, with or without the tracer CFDA, alters the motility of this system and increases the number of tubules. This response has been shown in individual hyphal tip cells and quantified in populations of tip cells. Vacuoles with motile tubules are also demonstrated in more basal cells of the hyphae, within 600 μm of the growing hyphal front. The vacuoles in these cells show more limited motility, but similarly respond to addition of new medium by increased motility and tubular activity. This demonstration that the vacuole system in more mature regions is both motile and interconnected as in the tips, and similarly responds to changes in external conditions, supports the hypothesis that the vacuole system may play a role in long-distance transport. Vacuoles in the most mature cells, more than 600 μm behind the hyphal growth zone are not motile. They do not respond to these stimuli and remain spherical and isolated. There are many explanations for this and the present lack of response does not exclude the transport hypothesis. The findings further support the concept that tubular vacuole systems are equivalent to animal endosomal/lysosomal systems and have implications for their motility, especially their plasticity in response to external stimuli, such as fluorescent tracers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282134
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes during development in the permeability of sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor to an apoplastic tracer (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 167 (1992), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Sclerotia ; Sclerotinia minor ; Freeze substitution ; Sulphorhodamine G ; Apoplastic permeability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor produced in culture are permeable to the apoplastic tracer sulphorhodamine G (SR) in early stages of their development, but become impermeable as the rind differentiates at the onset of maturation. Reduction in permeability corresponds with deposition of the dark brown pigment in the rind cell walls rather than initiation of the rind as a distinct surface layer. Fluorochrome permeation into cut sclerotia indicates that, while the rind is the primary barrier, the walls and extracellular matrix of the cortex and medulla of mature sclerotia also impede SR movement. Some cells take up fluorochrome into the protoplast. This indicates enhanced proton pumping activity at the cell surface, which suppresses ionisation of the fluorochrome, allowing it to cross the plasma membrane and accumulate in the hyphae. In intact sclerotia such hyphae are very rare and were detected only at one stage of development. However, in cut sclerotia at the two earliest stages of development most of the hyphae near the cut surface accumulated SR and it is possible that this is due to proton pumping activity induced by wounding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403384
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of polyphosphate with protein in freeze-substituted sclerotia ofSclerotinia minor (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 174 (1993), S. 134-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Sclerotia ; Sclerotinia minor ; Freeze substitution ; Histochemistry ; Polyphosphate ; X-ray microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In freeze-substituted sclerotia stained with aqueous toluidine blue O, metachromatic material was found throughout the cytoplasm in discrete granules. It was also distributed evenly throughout spherical and elongate protein bodies. This material stained at low pH and was extracted by cold acid, indicating that it was polyphosphate. Retention of metachromatic material was much greater than previously reported in chemically fixed, conventionally processed sclerotia. X-ray microanalysis of dry-cut, unstained sections of freeze-substituted sclerotia confirmed that phosphorus was distributed evenly throughout the protein bodies and was not localised in discrete granules but phosphorus levels in the cytoplasm were very low. It is concluded that polyphosphate is lost during conventional preparation procedures but retained in dry-cut, unstained sections of freeze-substituted material. However, when freeze-substituted sections were stained with toluidine blue O, water soluble polyphosphate was extracted and subsequently precipitated in the cytoplasm as polyphosphate granules. Therefore it is considered that polyphosphate granules are an artefact, and that protein bodies are the major site for storage of phosphorus in this fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379045
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and development of the dolipore septum inPisolithus tinctorius (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 178 (1994), S. 66-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Ectomycorrhizal fungus ; Freeze-substitution ; Pisolithus tinctorius ; Dolipore septum ; Parenthesome ; Symplastic transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure and development of dolipore septa and associated clamp connections are described for the ectomycorrhizal holobasidiomycetePisolithus tinctorius, following freeze-substitution of growing hyphae. Septa in the main hypha and clamp are formed synchronously and are completed within a few minutes. They are produced by a furrowing of the plasma membrane and concurrent wall deposition. Fine filaments occur in a ring adjacent to the deposited septum. Radial and parallel filaments, that occur in a complex arrangement around the apex of the membrane infolding, are likely to be instrumental in bringing about cytokinesis. The pore opening is reduced to about 140 nm and there is still no parenthesome capping it, indicating that this is organised late in septal pore development. At maturity, the pore is surrounded by a dome-shaped, perforate parenthesome on each side and is filled with filamentous electron-opaque material which spreads laterally over the adjacent septal membrane. Filaments radiate from this material to contact the parenthesome. The entire structure is interpreted as a co-ordinated whole, with the radiating filaments anchoring and supporting the parenthesome, so that its shape, position and orientation in relation to the pore entrance are maintained. Similarly the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) parallel to the septum also appears anchored to the plasma membrane by short fine filaments. Continuities between the lumen of this ER and the parenthesome could not be found, and the evidence indicates that the rim of the parenthesome is anchored to the plasma membrane rather than to the ER. Septal structure and development are discussed in relation to symplastic continuity in the hyphae and cell-to-cell transport across the dolipore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404122
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of naphthol AS-B1 phosphatase activity in lateral and main root meristems of pea and corn (1970)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 70 (1970), S. 441-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary High levels of naphthol AS-B 1 phosphatase activity have been localized in the main and lateral root meristems of pea and corn. The highest activity in the primordia of each species occurs in the root cap and epidermis although all cells of the meristem show activity. Activity in the main root meristem is compared with that in the lateral root and it is concluded that this enzyme does not facilitate penetration of the lateral root through the parent cortex but rather that it is involved in the differentiation of the lateral root itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275769
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical localization of β-glycosidases in roots ofZea mays II. Changes in localization and activity ofβ-glucosidase in the main root apex (1970)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 71 (1970), S. 389-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Highβ-glucosidase activity has been demonstrated histochemically in the epidermis, and outer cortex of the root meristem, and in the peripheral cells along the flanks of the root cap. Low enzyme activity is found in the central part of the root cap and in the developing stele. Enzyme activity increases in cells just before they elongate and declines after elongation. Theβ-glucosidase activity is located peripherally in the cells and usually occurs in the form of networks of strands and particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279683
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical localization of β-glycosidases in roots ofZea mays (1973)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 77 (1973), S. 411-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary With 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-glucoside as substrate, β-glucosidase activity has been histochemically localized in the lateral root meristems ofZea mays. Enzyme activity is highest in the epidermis and root cap of the young primordium. In contrast, enzyme activity is low in the parent root cortex, including the damaged areas around the lateral root. The results indicate that β-glucosidase is involved in the development of the lateral root rather than its penetration through the cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01275718
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical localization of β-glycosidases in roots ofZea mays (1970)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 71 (1970), S. 281-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simultaneous coupling azo dye technique using 6-bromo-2-naphthylβ-D-glucoside as substrate has been developed for the localization ofβ-glucosidase in hand sections of plant root tissue. This technique is also applicable toβ-galactosidase localization. Using corn root hairs and epidermal cells as an experimental system, the localization obtained in simultaneous coupling has been compared with that obtained in the older post-coupling method, and in various control sections. It is concluded that the localization obtained in root hairs in the post-coupling method is an artifact produced by diffusion of the product before coupling to substantive non-enzymatic sites in the cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279637
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