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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Oxygen and Cysteine on the Radical State of X-irradiated Lyophilized Liver (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 499-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Livers freshly removed from mice were frozen at 77 K in an untreated state and subsequently lyophilized. Preparations containing cysteine were obtained by injecting 0*5 ml. of a cysteine solution (300 mg cysteine-HCl/ml. H2O) into the freshly-removed organ. Then the liver was frozen at 77 K and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/208499a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraoperative radiation therapy for gastric cancer (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 554-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Parmi les 115 patients traités par la radiothérapie peropératoire (RTPO), 94 patients ont été classés selon les données histologiques 127 patients 《contrôles》 qui ont eu seulement une intervention pendant la même période ont été classés histologiquement et les survies entre les deux groupes ont été comparées. Il n'y avait aucune différence de survie chez les patients du stade I. La survie à 5 ans des patients des stades II à IV traités par la RTPO ont augmenté de presque 10 à 20% à 5 ans. Une étude comparant la survie selon la présence ou l'absence d'envahissement séreux et le degré d'envahissement lymphatique et selon que le patient ait été traité par la chirurgie seule (n=171) ou combinée à la RTPO (n=57) a montré que la RTPO n'augmentait pas la survie si les ganglions lymphatiques envahis étaient du groupe N1 ou en cas d'envahissement séreux. A l'inverse, la survie à 5 ans des patients qui ont été traités par la RTPO a augmenté de presque 10% lorsque la séreuse était envahie et de presque 18% lorsque des métastases ganglionnaires N2 et N3 ont été retrouvées.
    Abstract: Resumen Entre 115 pacientes tratados con radiación intraoperatoria, 94 fucron clasificados de acuerdo con los hallazgos histológicos. También se clasificaron histológicamente los 127 pacientes control tratados con operación solamente en el mismo periodo de tiempo y las tasas de sobrevida fueron comparadas entre los dos grupos. No se observó diferencia en la sobrevida de los pacientes en estado I, pero, por otra parte, las tasas de sobrevida de los pacientes con estado II-IV tratados con radioterapia intraoperatoria (RTIO) aparecieron incrementadas en casi 10–20% en el quinto año. También se hizo un estudio comparativo sobre la supervivencia de los pacientes tratados con RTIO y aquellos tratados mediante operación solamente, de acuerdo con la presencia o ausencia de invasión de la serosa y el grado de metástasis ganglionares. El número de casos manejados con RTIO en los cuales se examinó histológicamente la invasión de la serosa y de las metástasis ganglionares fue 57. Los 171 pacientes manejados con operación solamente fueron examinados histológicamente de la misma manera, a fin de hacer la comparación entre los dos grupos. La RTIO no demostró beneficio si las metástasis ganglionares se hallaban limitadas al grupo N1 o si no existía invasión de la serosa. Por el contrario, las tasas de sobrevida a 5 años de los pacientes tratados con RTIO se incrementó en cerca de 10% cuando había invasión de la serosa y en cerca de 18% cuando se hallaron metástasis en los grupos N2 y N3. Las razones para realizar RTIO en el cáncer gástrico son: 1) la incidencia y los patrones de falla luego del tratamiento inicial del cáncer gástrico sugieren que las metástasis ganglionares se presentaron como única evidencia de falla en cerca de 50% de los pacientes que fallaron; 2) por consiguiente, muchos pacientes se beneficiarían de un control más efectivo de la enfermedad local mediante RTIO; 3) la tasa de sobrevida puede ser incrementada. Con base en tal consideración, hemos utilizado RTIO en el manejo del cáncer gástrico y hemos informado los resultados clínicos en comparación con los resultados de los pacientes tratados con cirugía solamente. En el presente artículo se analizan los resultados de la RTIO en el cáncer gástrico con base en los hallazgos histológicos, por cuanto los resultados previamente informados se fundamentaban en hallazgos macroscópicos.
    Notes: Abstract From among 115 patients who were treated by intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT), 94 patients were classified according to the histologic findings. The control 127 patients who were treated by operation alone during the same period were also histologically classified, and survivals were compared between the two groups. No difference in the survivals of patients with stage I was observed for the two groups. On the other hand, the survivals of patients with stages II through IV who were treated by IORT increased by nearly 10% to 20% at 5 years. A comparative study was also performed on the survivals between patients treated by IORT and those treated by operation alone according to the presence or absence of the serosal invasion and the grade of the lymph node metastasis. The number of patients treated by IORT in whom the serosal invasion and the lymph node metastasis were histologically examined was 57. The 171 control patients who underwent operation alone were examined histologically in the same fashion, and survivals for the two groups were compared. IORT did not afford any benefit if the lymph node metastasis was limited within n1 group or serosal invasion was not found. On the other hand, the 5-year survival rates for patients who were treated by IORT increased by nearly 10% when the serosal invasion was observed and by nearly 18% when n2 and n3 lymph node metastases were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294720
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of gastric cancer with combined surgery and intraoperative radiotherapy (1979)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 715-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour accroître les chances de guérison du cancer gastrique, nous avons utilisé une radiothérapie peropératoire avec exérèse chirurgicale des lésions résécables et stérilisation des foyers cancéreux résiduels par une seule dose massive d'irradiation pendant la laparotomie. Dans ce travail de coopération entre chirurgiens, radiothérapeutes et anesthésistes, des doses effectives de 3,000–4,000 rads ont été administrées à 85 malades atteints de cancer avancé. L'estomac et les ganglions régionaux sont réséqués et, avant de réaliser la gastrojéjunostomie, la région du trépied coeliaque est irradiée pour détruire les métastases régionales microscopiques qui ne peuvent être excisées. Les survies ont été de 0 cas sur 8 lésions non résécables, de 3/15 tumeurs résécables mais absolument incurables, de 6/11 cancers résécables et relativement incurables et de 48/51 lésions résécables et certainement ou relativement curables. Pour ce dernier groupe, le follow-up est insuffisant pour calculer les survies de 5 ans. Nous n'avons observé aucune complication grave sauf une élévation de l'amylasémie. Ces résultats sont discutés ainsi qu'une étude expérimentale d'irradiation du pancréas chez le chien.
    Notes: Abstract In order to increase the cure rate of stomach cancer, we have used intraoperative radiotherapy in which resectable lesions are removed surgically and the remaining cancer nests sterilized with a single massive dose of irradiation during laparotomy. In cooperation with surgeons, radiologists, and anesthesiologists, effective doses of irradiation of 3,000–4,000 rads were administered in 85 patients with advanced cancer. After resection of the stomach and removal of regional lymph nodes, and before gastrojejunostomy, the region of the celiac axis was irradiated in order to destroy regional microscopic metastasis that could not be removed surgically. The survival rates were 0 of 8 patients with nonresectable lesions, 3 of 15 with absolutely noncurable resectable tumors, 6 of 11 with relatively noncurable resectable cancers, and 48 of 51 with absolutely or relatively curable resectable lesions. In the latter group, insufficient time has elapsed to calculate the 5-year survival rate. No serious complications occurred except for an increase of serum amylase. These results, as well as experimental radiotherapy of the dog pancreas, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01654797
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of Care Study of radiation therapy for uterine cervix cancer in Japan: The influence of age on the process (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 4 (1999), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Patterns of Care Study ; Cervix cancer ; Radiation therapy ; Elderly ; Process survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. To improve the quality of radiation oncology in Japan, a Patterns of Care Study (PCS), a quality assurance program widely known in the United States, was introduced to Japan. In this study, the process, including work-up and treatment for uterine cervix cancer patients, was investigated to show nationwide variation by age. Methods. From July 1996 through February 1997, PCS extramural audits were performed for 29 institutions nationwide. Medical charts for 432 patients with uterine cervix cancer treated between 1992 and 1994 were reviewed based on the PCS data format used in the US. The processes of radiation therapy for these patients were compared in two age groups – those aged ≥75 years (n = 132) and those aged 〈75 years (n = 300). Results. There were significant differences by age group in medical background, indicating the fragility of the elderly and a relatively higher incidence of early-stage disease in the elderly by patient selection. Lower pelvic radiation doses were used for the elderly with advanced stage disease. There were no significant differences in unplanned breaks in external irradiation between the two age groups. Brachytherapy was used less commonly in the elderly group than in younger group (P = 0.0187). The dose range for brachytherapy did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Preliminary survival rates for the elderly were similar to those for the younger group. Conclusion. Radiation therapy was found to play an important role in the treatment of uterine cervix cancer in elderly as well as younger patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101470050016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraoperative radiotherapy in carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas (1987)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 11 (1987), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les résultats cliniques de la radiothérapie peropératoire pratiquée pour le cancer de l'estomac et le cancer du pancréas sont rapportés par les auteurs. Dans le cas du cancer de l'estomac 101 malades ont été ainsi traités cependant que 110 sujets furent soumis au simple traitement chirurgical. Les taux de survie à 5 ans des malades traités par radiothérapie opératoire furent de 87.2% pour le Stade I, de 83.5% pour le Stade II, de 62.3% pour le Stade III, et de 14.7% pour le Stade IV. En cas d'intervention isolée les taux de survie furent de 93% pour le Stade I, de 61.8% pour le Stade II, de 36.8% pour le Stade III, et de 0% pour le Stade IV. Il est ainsi démontré que la radiothérapie opératoire a une action indéniable sur le cancer gastrique arrivé à un stade avancé. Dans le cadre du cancer du pancréas 110 malades présentant des lésions avancées ont fait l'objet d'une étûde identique. Quarante-neuf malades (groupe I) furent traités par radiothérapie per-opératoire, 20 par cette méthode complétée par radiothérapie externe classique (groupe II), et 41 par la chirurgie (groupe III.) Le taux médian de survie fut de 5.5 mois pour le groupe I, de 12.0 mois pour le groupe II, et de 5.5 mois pour le groupe III. Il ressort de cette étude que la combinaison de la radiothérapie peropératoire et de la radiothérapie externe post-opératoire peut donner de meilleurs résultats que l'irradiation peropératoire isolée ou que l'intervention chirurgicale dès lors que le cancer du pancréas a atteint un stade avancé.
    Abstract: Resumen Se informan los resultados clínicos de la radioterapia intraoperatoria (RTIO) en carcinoma de estómago y de páncreas. En cáncer de estómago, 101 pacientes fueron tratados con RTIO y 110 pacientes con cirugía solamente. Las tasas de supervivencia a 5 años de los pacientes tratados con RTIO fueron de 87.2% para Estado I, 83.5% para Estado II, 62.3% para Estado III, y 14.7% para Estado IV. Las tasas para pacientes tratados con cirugía solamente fueron de 93.0% para Estado I, 61.8% para Estado II, 36.8% para Estado III, y 0% para Estado IV. Se ha demostrado que la RTIO tiene efectos definidos sobre el cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado. En carcinoma de páncreas un total de 110 pacientes con enfermedad local avanzada fueron ingresados al estudio piloto. Cuarenta y nueve pacientes fueron manejados con RTIO (grupo 1), 20 pacientes con RTIO seguida de radioterapia externa (grupo 2), y 41 pacientes con cirugía solamente (grupo 3). Las tasas de supervivencia media fueron 5.5 meses para el grupo 1, 12.0 meses para el grupo 2, y 5.5 meses para el grupo 3. El estudio piloto sugiere que la modalidad combinada de RTIO e irradiación externa puede significar una mejor supervivencia de la que se logra con RTIO sin irradiación externa o con cirugía solamente en pacientes con cáncer pancreático localmente avanzado.
    Notes: Abstract Clinical results of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in carcinoma of the stomach and the pancreas are reported. In carcinoma of the stomach, 101 patients were treated by IORT and 110 patients were treated by operation alone. The 5-year survival rates of patients treated by IORT were 87.2% for Stage I, 83.5% for Stage II, 62.3% for Stage III, and 14.7% for Stage IV. On the other hand, the 5-year survival rates of patients treated by operation alone were 93.0% for Stage I, 61.8% for Stage II, 36.8% for Stage III, and 0% for Stage IV. It has been demonstrated that IORT has definite effects on locally advanced gastric cancer. In carcinoma of the pancreas, a total of 110 patients with locally advanced disease were entered into the pilot study. Forty-nine patients were treated by IORT (group 1), 20 patients were treated by IORT followed by external beam radiotherapy (group 2), and 41 patients were treated by operation alone (group 3). The median survivals were 5.5 months for group 1, 12.0 months for group 2, and 5.5 months for group 3. The pilot study suggests that a combined IORT and external beam treatment may provide better survival time than can be achieved by IORT without external beam radiotherapy or by operation alone for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01655810
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Malignant Osseous and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. I. A Rabbit Experimental Model (1998)
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 21 (1998), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Key words: Transcatheter arterial embolization—VX2 sarcoma—Experimental study—Metastasis—Bone tumor—Necrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on metastatic bone tumors in an experimental study. Methods: Fifteen Japanese white rabbits were transplanted with VX2 sarcoma cells into the iliac crest. In 10 rabbits, the arterial supply to the iliac bone tumors, internal iliac artery and iliolumbar artery were then embolized with particles of gelatin sponge. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by comparison with the natural course of control tumors in the other five rabbits. Results: After TAE, extensive necrosis, fibrosis, and vacuolization within the tumors were confirmed histologically. In the control rabbits, 19% ± 7% of the entire tumor was found to be spontaneous tumor necrosis; in contrast, the tumors of the TAE group showed necrosis as 62% ± 22% of the entire tumor. In one TAE group rabbit, no active tumor cell could be detected in the residual tumor. Conclusion: TAE was found to be an effective treatment for bone tumors in an experimental model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002709900245
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Malignant Osseous and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. II. Clinical Results (1998)
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 21 (1998), S. 208-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Key words: Transcatheter arterial embolization—Bone tumors—Soft tissue sarcoma—Metastases—Pain control—Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effects of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. Methods: TAE was performed in 10 patients with primary bone and soft tissue sarcomas and in 31 patients with metastatic bone tumors. The embolized arteries were the internal iliac artery in 30 cases, the intercostal artery in six cases, the lumbar artery in five cases, the suprascapular artery in three cases, and the iliolumbar artery, the internal pudendal artery, and the lateral sacral artery in one case each. The embolized material was gelatin sponge particles. The chemotherapeutic drugs were usually 20–40 mg of doxorubicin for primary and metastatic tumors and 50–100 mg of cisplatin only for primary tumors. In addition, 50–60 Gy of 10-MV radiotherapy with or without radiofrequency (RF)-capacitive hyperthermia in four sessions was administered before TAE for primary tumors only. Results: Even though the pain score increased immediately after TAE, 30 of 38 (79%) patients with pain (8 of 9 with primary tumors, and 22 of 29 with metastases) achieved pain control after TAE. A necrotic low-density area shown by computed tomography (CT) after TAE was found in 31 of 41 (76%) tumors [8 of 10 (80%) with primary tumors, and 23 of 31 (74%) with metastatic tumors]. The tumor size decreased in 14 of 25 (56%) primary and metastatic tumors after 3 months. Osteosclerotic changes appeared in two cases of metastatic tumors after 6 months. In five tumors resected after TAE, large areas of necrosis within the tumor were confirmed histologically. Transient local pain and numbness appeared after TAE, but were relieved by drug treatment within 1 week. No severe complications except a case of gluteal muscle necrosis were encountered after TAE. The 1-year survival rate of the patients with primary tumors was 38.1%, and the median survival was 18 months. The longest survival was 84 months. The 1-year survival rate of the patients with metastatic bone tumors was 38.9%; the median survival was 12 months. The longest survival was 24 months. Conclusion: TAE could be an effective treatment for pain control and local control of malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002709900246
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An attempt to enhance chemosensitivity of quiescent cell populations in solid tumors by combined treatment with nicotinamide and carbogen (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 122 (1996), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Quiescent cell ; cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) ; Nicotinamide ; Carbogen ; Radiolabeled cisplatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) was intraperitoneally injected into mice bearing SCC VII or EMT6/KU tumors after ten administrations of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label all the proliferating tumor cells. The tumors were excised 1 h after the cisplatin injection, minced, and trypsinized. The tumor cell suspensions were then incubated with cytochalasin-B (a cytokinesis blocker). The micronucleus frequency was determined, using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. Cells that were not labeled with BrdU were regarded as quiescent. The micronucleus frequency in the total number of tumor cells was determined in tumors that had not been pretreated with BrdU. To modify the sensitivity to cisplatin, nicotinamide was intraperitoneally injected before the administration of cisplatin or mice were placed in a circulating carbogen (95% O2, 5% CO2) chamber for 30 min after cisplatin administration. In both tumor systems, the micronucleus frequency in quiescent cells was lower than that in the total cells. Nicotinamide pretreatment increased the micronucleus frequency in total and in quiescent cells in both tumor systems, and to a higher extent in total cells. The combination of nicotinamide and carbogen increased the micronucleus frequency more markedly than treatment with either nicotinamide or carbogen alone. In total cells of both tumors, the nicotinamide injection increased the uptake of [195mPt]cisplatin. The combined treatment raised the uptake more markedly than did treatment with either agent alone. In total cells of the SCC VII tumor, these increases in micronucleus frequency and the [195mPt]cisplatin uptake following nicotinamide or combined pretreatment were significant. In both tumors, carbogen breathing also elevated the micronucleus frequency to some degree in total and quiescent cells and the [195mPt]cisplatin uptake in total cells. The combined nicotinamide and carbogen treatment was considered to be useful for sensitizing tumor cells to chemotherapy with cisplatin in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of radiation therapy for experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy in rabbits (1990)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 228 (1990), S. 552-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated effects of radiation therapy on experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) induced in rabbits by double gas compression of the vitreous followed by homologous dermal-skin fibroblast injection. Electrons were irradiated in two rabbit groups. Group A animals (20 eyes) received 1000 cGy of irradiation immediately after cell injection; group B rabbits (9 eyes), which showed pucker formation 7 days after cell injection, were irradiated on that day at the same dose as was given to group A rabbits. Control animals (14 eyes) were not irradiated. The incidences of traction retinal detachment on day 28 were: control, 86%; group A, 10%; and group B, 22%. There were statistically significant differences between control and group A values and between control and group B values. No significant difference was found between group A and group B. Irradiation of 1000 cGy did not alter the histological picture of experimental PVR. The results showed that radiation suppressed the development of PVR when applied not only immediately after cell injection but also during pucker stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918489
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of X-ray irradiation on human retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation (1991)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 229 (1991), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To obtain a rationale for the use of radiation in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to determine the appropriate dose of irradiation, we studied the in vitro growth of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells after various doses of irradiation. At 48 h after plating, doses of 100–3000 cGy were given to the cells by Linac X-ray. On days 1, 3, and 7 after irradiation, cell growth was evaluated by cell number and DNA synthesis. At 7 days after irradiation, the cell number declined to 42% and 3.7% of control values after doses of 300 and 1000 cGy, respectively. Almost the same inhibitory effects were observed following doses of 1000 cGy and 3000 cGy. DNA synthesis was suppressed to 67.6% and 2.8% of control values on the 7th day after radiation doses of 500 and 1000 cGy, respectively. Low-dose irradiation can be used as adjunctive therapy for PVR, and doses of 500–1000 cGy are most likely needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172266
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