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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Gain-of-function mutations in NOTCH1 are common in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas (T-ALL), making this receptor a promising target for drugs such as γ-secretase inhibitors, which block a proteolytic cleavage required for NOTCH1 activation. However, the enthusiasm for these ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent work has revealed the existence of a class of small non-coding RNA species, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), which have critical functions across various biological processes. Here we use a new, bead-based flow cytometric miRNA expression profiling method to present a systematic expression ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Pathologic calcification can lead to failure or deterioration of cardiac valves. Several researchers have tried alternatives to construct these devices, such as the incorporation or utilization of new biomaterials able to inhibit or decrease the calcification process. In vitro calcification tests can be used to screen new biomaterials regarding their potential to calcify in vivo. However, the mechanisms involved in both cases are not completely understood. In order to collect more information about the calcification process of implanted materials, morphology and elemental analyses of calcified cardiac valve fragments explanted from different patients were investigated and compared to previous reports of in vitro calcification tests. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses indicated that the calcium phosphate deposits from both bovine pericardium and human cardiac valves calcified in vivo were similar to the deposits obtained from in vitro calcification samples as previously reported in the literature
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The human p27kip1 gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor implicated in the negative regulation of the cell cycle. In order to elucidate the possible role of p27 mutations in the development or progression of human breast cancer, we have studied the occurrence of genetic abnormalities in this gene in a series of 30 primary breast carcinomas. Direct sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction amplified human p27 gene revealed the occurrence of two sequence variations with respect to the reported sequence; both variants were also present in the lymphocyte DNA from the same patients. First, a silent G to A change at codon 142 (Thr) was detected in a single case. Second, a T to G transversion at codon 109, resulting in a Val to Gly change, was observed in eight tumour DNA samples (26%) and in 31 out of 80 unrelated normal individuals (39%). This latter change creates a BglI restriction site that might be useful for genetic analysis of human tumours. Despite the occurrence of these polymorphisms, we did not however find any evidence of somatic mutations in the coding region of the p27 gene. On the basis of these results, we suggest that alterations in the integrity of the human p27 gene are not common events in human breast carcinomas.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le diabète secondaire à la pancréatectomie chez le chien peut être prévenu par l'autotransplantation de fragments pancréatiques dans la rate. La fonction et la composition des éléments endocriniens ont été étudiés par des épreuves fonctionnelles et par l'examen au microscope et au microscope électronique après 4, 8, et 24 semaines respectivement. Au cours de ces différentes périodes l'ablation de la rate chez tous les animaux permis d'affirmer que le taux normal de la glycémie dépendait de la présence de tissu pancréatique transplanté. L'étude morphologique de la rate montra qu'à son niveau les ilôts pancréatiques étaient présents ainsi qu'un réseau nerveux terminal avec des éléments adrénergiques en connexion avec les éléments endocriniens. Les terminaisons nerveuses venaient au contact des cellules beta, alpha-2 et alpha-1 qu'elles fussent isolées ou formassent des structures insulaires de taille et de composition variable. Il fut impossible de constater la présence de fibres cholinergiques ou de toute fibre nerveuse au niveau du tissue acineux et canaliculaire. Après 4 semaines il fut possible de voir des cellules de Schwann recouvrant de larges zones de cellules endocriniennes et engainant les éléments nerveux pour aboutir à la formation de véritables complexes neuro-insulaires constitués de cellules beta et alpha-2. Les rares ganglions pancréatiques, uniquement identifiés par la microscope optique, ainsi que les caractéristiques ultrastructurelles de l'innervation, suggèrent que les fibres sympathiques des plexus périvasculaires, trabéculaires et capsulaires de la rate s'étaient développées et avaient envahi le tissu endocrinien implanté dans la pulpe splénique.
    Abstract: Resumen La diabetes secundaria a la pancreatectomía en el perro puede ser prevenida mediante el autotransplante de fragmentos pancreáticos en el bazo. La función y composition de los elementos endocrinos fueron analizados mediante estudios funcionales y por microscopía de luz y electrónica a las 4, 8, y 24 semanas. En el curso de estos diferentes períodos, la esplenectomía señaló que todos los animales dependían del tejido transplantado para mantener normoglicemia. El estudio morfológico del bazo demostró la supervivencia de los ganglios pancreáticos intrínsecos, así como la presencia de una red amielínica nerviosa terminal, con varicosidades adrenérgicas, en relacioń directa y exclusiva con los elementos endocrinos. Terminaciones nerviosas fueron identificadas en contacto inmediato con células beta, alfa-2, y alfa-1, bien como estructuras aisladas dentro de la pulpa esplénica, o como formaciones insulares de tamaño y composición variables. No fué posible identificar varicosidades colinérgicas, y tampoco se encontró inervación en el tejido ductal o acinar. A partir de la cuarta semana se pueden observar células de Schwann cubriendo amplias superficies de las células endocrinas, al tiempo que envuelven a elementos nerviosos, creando así verdaderos “complejos neuro-insulares” con células beta y alfa-2. Los pocos ganglios que solo pudieron ser identificados bajo microscopía de luz, así como las características ultramicroscópicas de la inervación, sugieren que las fibras simpáticas de los plejos perivasculares, trabeculares y capsulares del bazo crecieron e invadieron el tejido endocrino inoculado en la pulpa esplénica.
    Notes: Abstract Secondary diabetes following pancreatectomy in the dog was prevented by autotransplantation of pancreatic fragments in the spleen. The function and composition of the endocrine elements were analyzed by functional studies and by light and electron microscopy at 4, 8, and 24 weeks. During these different periods, splenectomy proved that all the animals were dependent on the transplanted tissue for normoglycemia. The morphologic study of the spleen showed the survival of the intrinsic pancreatic ganglia as well as the presence of an amyelinic, terminal nervous network, with adrenergic varicosities, exclusively related to the endocrine elements. Nerve endings were identified in close contact with beta, alpha-2, and alpha-1 cells, either isolated in the splenic pulp or forming insular structures with a variable size and composition. No cholinergic varicosities could be identified nor was there any innervation in the ductal and acinar tissue. From 4 weeks on, Schwann cells could be seen coating large surfaces of the endocrine cells at the same time as they sheathed nervous elements, thus creating true “neuroinsular complexes” with beta and alpha-2 cells. The few ganglia that could only be identified under light microscopy, as well as the ultrastructural characteristics of the innervation, suggest that the sympathetic fibers of the perivascular, trabecular and capsular plexus of the spleen had grown and invaded the inoculated endocrine tissue in the splenic pulp.
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