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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensity-dependent upconversion efficiencies of Er3+ ions in heavy-metal fluoride glass (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1648-1653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The upconversion of infrared radiation to shorter wavelengths by Er3+ ions in heavy-metal fluoride glasses, some doped with Yb3+, has been studied over a wide intensity range and for various excitation wavelengths. The upconversion efficiency measured at room temperature varies linearly or quadratically with intensity and saturates at 100 W/cm2 or higher, depending on emission wavelength. For 4 mol % ErF3 in BaF2/ThF4, the 4I11/2 to 4I15/2 transition is over 10% efficient for 400 W/cm2 of absorbed 1.5-μm power, i.e., for 4I15/2 to 4I13/2 excitation. A rate equation model and Judd–Ofelt analysis of data for the glasses doped with just Er3+ provide an understanding of the upconversion process while yielding values for Er3+ energy-transfer rates and excited-state populations. These results could be used to develop glasses for lasing and as infrared optical detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347208
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of in situ ionizing radiation effects on Raman and photoluminescence intensity of high OH, low OH silica, and fluoride core fibers (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5524-5527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An in situ study of the effects of ionizing radiation on the strength of the Raman and photoluminescence signal of high OH, low OH, and fluoride core fibers has been performed with 514.5 nm laser excitation. The fibers were irradiated with a 60Co source at a constant dose rate of 560 rads/h. The high OH fiber displayed a much slower decay of the fiber Raman intensity than the other two fibers during irradiation. The fluoride fiber exhibited the quickest decline in Raman signal with the intensity dropping by a factor of 1000 in less than 20 min. The Raman intensity of the low OH silica fiber recovered to greater than 90% of its pre-irradiation value after a post-irradiation photoanneal with 488 nm laser light. The silica fibers displayed an increase in intensity of a broad photoluminescence feature centered at 650 nm. However the fiber photoluminescence intensity remained much weaker than the Raman intensity throughout the irradiations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359596
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of scattering centers on the optical loss of As2S3 glass fibers in the infrared (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 4885-4891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scattering theory has been used to determine the effect of various defects on the scattering loss of As2S3 glass fibers. The scattering is related to the particle shape, size, relative refractive index, and wavelength of light. Bubbles possess the highest relative refractive index and therefore the highest scattering factor. For a given particle size and wavelength, the scattering decreases in the order bubbles(approximately-greater-than)carbon(approximately-greater-than)SiO2(approximately-greater-than)Al2O3(approximately-greater-than)As2S3. The calculations have been used to predict the maximum tolerable number of defects to obtain low attenuation equal to 10 dB/km at 5.0 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355774
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of intrinsic and extrinsic optical absorption in a fluoride glass (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The contribution of impurity ions to the total optical absorption of a heavy metal fluoride glass has been determined at 532 and 1064 nm. Four ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF glasses were prepared from various purity raw materials. The absorption coefficients of these glasses range from 0.92 to 45.4×10−4 cm−1 at 1064 nm and from 7.43 to 11.1×10−4 cm−1 at 532 nm as determined by laser calorimetry. The concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co ions in each glass were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. These two measurements enable the absorption, due to transition metal ions to be differentiated from the intrinsic absorption of the glass. At 1064 nm, the absorption coefficient of these glasses is controlled entirely by the transition metal ion content. However, at 532 nm, the absorption by the transition metal ions accounts for 4–42% of the total absorption depending on impurity concentration. The intrinsic absorption of this fluoride glass calculated from these data at 532 nm is (7.69±0.99)×10−4 cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105564
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approaches to the accurate characterization of high purity metal fluorides and fluoride glasses
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 106 (1990), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(90)90286-T
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of preform surface treatments on the strength of fluorozirconate fibres (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 5149-5154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Zirconium fluoride (ZrF4)-based glass preforms made by the rotational casting process were treated prior to fibre drawing to eliminate pre-existing defects. Emphasis was given to the removal of external defects by different surface preparation methods which include mechanical polishing, and chemical etching in 0.2m H3BO3 solution as well as microwave-assisted plasma fluorination. The strength of the fibres was measured using both bending and dynamic loading tests. Fluorine exposure increased the median tensile strength by an additional 20%. As expected, the Weibull distribution for bending tests was shifted to the higher strength range, and was generally a factor of two more than in the dynamic tensile measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01143205
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