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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein Phosphorylation in Rat Pineal Gland and Its Regulation in Supersensitive and Subsensitive States (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The phosphorylation of specific proteins in pineal homogenate was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Cyclic AMP had the capacity to stimulate in a dose-dependent manner the incorporation of 32P in protein bands of apparent molecular weights 59K, 56K, and 35K with a maximal effect at 1 μM. On the other hand, calcium alone did not induce a marked increase in 32P incorporation with the exception of a dose-dependent phosphorylation of a 46K protein with a peak effect at 0.2 mM calcium concentration. The addition of exogenous calmodulin enhanced 32P incorporation in proteins migrating in the 62K and 52K regions, an effect that was antagonized by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine. However, also under these conditions, the stimulation of pineal protein phosphorylation was rather weak compared to that observed in other brain areas. In an attempt to investigate the functional changes of these biochemical processes during environmental lighting and ad-renergic stimulation, it was found that the administration of (-)-isoproterenol (5 mg/kg, s.c), a β-receptor agonist, induced a clear-cut enhancement of 32P incorporation into the cyclic AMP-sensitive 59K and 56K proteins only in animals exposed for 18 h to the light, whereas it was almost ineffective in those kept in the dark for the same period. This effect was antagonized by (—)-propranolol pretreatment (20 mg/ kg), suggesting that the changes in cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation observed in supersensitive pineals may represent a β-receptor mediated process. Thus the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity seems to be correlated with the sensitivity state of the β-adrenergic receptor system and may take part in the development of pineal su-persensitivity. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of the 46K calcium-sensitive protein was completely unaffected, confirming the action specificity of the adrenergic system on cyclic AMP-induced pineal protein phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05628.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5,7-DIHYDROXYTRYPTAMINE AS A TOOL TO STUDY THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF CENTRAL 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE NEURONS (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 305 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb31533.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of cholecystokinin receptors in the control of striatal dopamine autoreceptors (1990)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 342 (1990), S. 300-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cholecystokinin-8 ; Dopamine ; Apomorphine ; Proglumide ; Microdialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction of locally perfused cholecystokinin-8 (sulphated) with systemically administered apomorphine was studied on the release of dopamine and its metabolites using microdialysis in the neostriatum of the halothane-anaesthetized male rat. Dialysate levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography in combination with electrochemical detection. Perfusion with cholecystokinin-8 (100 μM but not 1 μM or 10 nM) increased the dialysate levels of dopamine without affecting those of DOPAC or HVA. At low concentrations (1 μM and 10 nM but not 1 nM), cholecystokinin-8 counteracted the inhibitory effect of apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg, s. c.) on dopamine release. This counteraction was antagonized by perfusion with the cholecystokinin-8 antagonist proglumide (3 μM). At this concentration, proglumide perfused alone was without effect on basal or apomorphine-reduced levels of dopamine. The results indicate a facilitatory effect of cholecystokinin-8 on dopamine release in rat neostriatum only at high concentrations. At lower concentrations, cholecystokinin-8 appears to modulate dopamine release by an inhibitory effect on dopamine autoreceptors possibly involving an intramembrane interaction between presynaptic cholecystokinin-8 receptors and dopamine autoreceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169441
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New concepts on the structure of the neuronal networks: The miniaturization and hierarchical organization of the central nervous system (1984)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 4 (1984), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis is introduced that miniaturization of neuronal circuits in the central nervous system and the hierarchical organization of the various levels, where information handling can take place, may be the key to understand the enormous capability of the human brain to store engrams as well as its astonishing capacity to reconstruct and organize engrams and thus to perform highly sophisticated integrations. The concept is also proposed that in order to understand the relationship between the structural and functional plasticity of the central nervous system it is necessary to postulate the existence of memory storage at the network level, at the local circuit level, at the synaptic level, at the membrane level, and finally at the moIecular level. Thus, memory organization is similar to the hierarchical organization of the various levels, where information handling takes place in the nervous system. In addition, each higher level plays a role in the reconstruction and organization of the engrams stored at lower levels. Thus, the trace of the functionally stored memory (i.e. its reconstruction and organization at various levels of storage) will depend not only on the chemicophysical changes in the membranes of the local circuits but also on the organization of the local circuits themselves and their associated neuronal networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01120304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of glucocorticoid receptors in brain plasticity (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 16 (1996), S. 239-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: glucocorticoid receptors ; brain ; development ; development ; adulthood ; aging ; neurotrophic factors ; dopamine ; neurons ; astroglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The mapping of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the rat central nervous system (CNS) has demonstrated their widespread presence in large numbers of nerve and glial cell populations also outside the classical stress regions. 2. The present paper summarizes the evidence that glucocorticoids via GR in the CNS can act as lifelong organizing signals from development to aging. The following examples are given. (a) In the prepubertal and adult offspring, prenatal corticosterone treatment can produce long-lasting changes in striatal dopaminergic communication. (b) In adulthood, the evidence suggests complex regulation by adrenocortical hormones of neurotrophic factors and their receptors in the hippocampal formation. (c) In aging, the strongly GR-immunoreactive pyramidal cell layer of the CA1 hippocampal area appears to be preferentially vulnerable to neurotoxic actions of glucocorticoids, especially in some rat strains. 3. Strong evidence suggests that each nerve cell in the CNS is supported by a trophic unit, consisting of other nerve cells and glial cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix molecules. Due to multiple actions on nerve and glial cell populations of the different trophic units, the glucocorticoids may exert either an overall trophic or a neurotoxic action. It seems likely that with increasing age, the endangering actions of glucocorticoids on nerve cells prevail over the neurotrophic ones, leading to reduced nerve cell survival in some trophic units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088179
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric evaluation of populations of neuronal profiles (cell bodies, dendrites, and nerve terminals) in the central nervous system (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 315-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Computer-assisted image analysis ; Morphometric methods ; Cell clusters ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Morphometric techniques have been developed to quantitatively characterize groups of transmitter-identified neuronal profiles, such as cell groups, dendrite and nerve terminal fields. These morphometric techniques will be illustrated by introducing some general tools for image analysis which can be considered as a background for the present specific applications. The following methods have been included: (1) methods to identify and quantitatively characterize, from both numerical and geometrical standpoints, groups of profiles in a two- and three-dimen-sional frame; (2) methods to evaluate the evenness of a certain distribution of profiles in the plane; (3) methods to identify subgroups of profiles based on their different spatial or optical density; and (4) methods to compare the distributions of two or more groups of profiles. The applications of these general tools to some neuroanatomical problems, such as cell group definition and description, have been illustrated. Practical examples performed on immunocytochemical preparations of neuronal profile populations are also given. Finally, the potentiality of numerical classification to classify and compare morphometric data has been shown. As an example, numerical classification methods have been applied to the morphometric and microdensitometric analysis of adrenaline/neuropeptide Y costoring neuronal systems of the brainstem in adult and aged rats. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210408
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