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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions Between Axons and their Sheath Cells (1981)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 4 (1981), S. 127-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.04.030181.001015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axons from CNS neurones regenerate into PNS grafts (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 284 (1980), S. 264-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The surgical technique used, a modification of that previously described8,9, was carried out in young adult Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first group of 16 animals, a 5-mm segment of the midthoracic spinal cord was removed and an autologous sciatic nerve graft was inserted sub-pially between the two ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/284264a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelination of mouse axons by Schwann cells transplanted from normal and abnormal human nerves (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 268 (1977), S. 753-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Control human sural nerves were obtained from limbs amputated because of peripheral vascular disease or trauma and from a diagnostic biopsy taken from a 10-yr-old child investigated for muscle weakness. Sections obtained from these control nerves showed no evidence of neuropathy by light ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/268753a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal myelination in transplanted Trembler mouse Schwann cells (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 265 (1977), S. 73-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To define further the abnormality in Tr neuropathy, sciatic nerves and spinal roots from six affected mice and five control C57BL/6J mice aged 14 d to 7 month were examined by phase and electron microscopy6,15. In normal nerves, most axons greater than 1mm in diameter were surrounded by Schwann ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/265073a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and Connectivity of Axotomized Retinal Neurons in Adult Rats with Optic Nerves Substituted by PNS Grafts Linking the Eye and the Midbrain (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 495 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23661.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Nerve Growth Factor antiserum on peripheral unmyelinated nerve fibers (1972)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 20 (1972), S. 288-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nerve Growth Factor ; Peripheral Nerve Fibres ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy ; Phase Contrast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) antiserum causes neuronal loss in the sympathetic ganglia of newborn rats. Pre and post ganglionic sympathetic fibers from eleven such animals and eight controls were studied by phase contrast and electron microscopy. Quantitative techniques were applied to the study of different parameters of the axons and Schwann cells. Treated animals showed only 24% of the axonal population of controls and 34% of Schwann cells. This fiber loss was non-selective, affecting all fiber sizes. Schwann cells from treated animals enclosed fewer axons than normal and some contained none. Contrary to what is seen following transection of an unmyelinated nerve, regenerative axonal sprouting was not observed during the 6 week period studied. Schwann cell processes were elongated and unfolded, frequently engulfing bundles of collagen. NGF antiserum experiments provide a tool for the study of axonal and Schwann cell behaviour after neuronal loss avoiding the disadvantages of the traumatic disruption of neural architecture that results from experimental surgical lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691747
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical and functional consequences of grafting mesencephalic neurons into a peripheral nerve “bridge” connected to the denervated striatum (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 584-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neural transplants ; Nigrostriatal system ; Axonal growth ; Regeneration ; Rotational behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway were tested for amphetamine-induced rotational asymmetry. In animals with functional deficits a fetal mesencephalic transplant was placed intracranially over the superior colliculus within the caudal end of a 2- to 3-cm-long heterologous sciatic nerve segment laid longitudinally on the skull. Two months later the rostral tip of the peripheral nerve graft was cut and inserted through a burr-hole into the denervated striatum. Animals were tested monthly for 5 months for rotational asymmetry and selected rats were sacrificed for histochemical examination. It was shown that the use of a peripheral nerve segment as a bridge between a distant neuronal transplant and a selected region of the adult host brain resulted in the growth of monoaminergic axons into the denervated striatum from the extracerebrally located grafted neurons. The nerve bridge was cut extracranially in rats whose rotational asymmetry had decreased towards normal levels to determine if this behaviour was dependent on axons reaching the striatum through the graft. Each of these animals exhibited an increase in rotational asymmetry one and three weeks after the transection of the nerve. These anatomical and functional observations suggest that the decrease in rotational asymmetry observed in these animals is related to the growth of long axons from the implanted mesencephalic neurons into the denervated host's striatum which traversed the entire peripheral nerve segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236945
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal regeneration after crush injury of rat central nervous system fibres innervating peripheral nerve grafts (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 14 (1985), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent experimental studies in adult rodents indicate that neurons in many regions of the brain and spinal cord are capable of extensive axonal growth along peripheral nerve grafts inserted into the C.N.S. To explore further the capacity of damaged intrinsic C.N.S. neurons to initiate and sustain fibre growth we have studied the regenerative response of brain stem and spinal neurons to the crushing of their axons after such axons had already grown across peripheral nerve ‘bridges’ linking both these levels of the neuraxis. In adult rats, an autologous segment of sciatic nerve approximately 4 cm long was used to connect the medulla oblongata and the lower cervical spinal cord. After 6–42 weeks, when C.N.S. axons are known to have regenerated across these ‘bridges’, the nerve grafts were crushed near both their rostral and caudal insertions into the C.N.S. Axonal regeneration beyond the sites of injury was investigated 4–11 weeks after crush by retrogradely labelling C.N.S. neurons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied 1 cm away from the injured site, along the assumed course of the C.N.S. fibres regrowing across the graft. The number and distribution of HRP-labelled neurons was found to be similar to that in rats with uncrushed grafts. To prove that such axonal regrowth from spinal and brain stem nerve cells did originate from injury of central nerve fibres innervating the graft and not by sprouting from undamaged C.N.S. neurons at both ends of the ‘bridge’, we first labelled with the fluorescent dye Fast Blue (FB) the cells whose axons were interrupted by the crush and, after two weeks, applied a second dye, Nuclear Yellow (NY) 1 cm beyond the site of injury. The presence of FB and NY double-labelled C.N.S. neurons in these animals, together with the results of the HRP-labelling experiments, suggest that central neurons whose axons innervate peripheral nerve grafts are capable of renewed growth after axonal injury. Under such experimental conditions these intrinsic C.N.S. neurons respond to axonal interruption in a manner that resembles the responses of cells that normally project along peripheral nerves. We believe this to be an additional indication of the powerful role in regeneration of interactions between neurons and the axonal environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01150259
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal neuronal loss in rat superior cervical ganglia: retrograde effects on developing preganglionic axons and Schwann cells (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 5 (1976), S. 137-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Beginning prenatally and during the first week after birth, there is normally a loss of axons in rat cervical sympathetic trunk. To test the hypothesis that this spontaneous axonal loss represents a natural process whereby an excessive number of immature preganglionic axons in the cervical sympathetic trunk adapts to the neuronal population in the superior cervical ganglion, the number of nerve cells in the superior cervical ganglion was reduced in newborn rats by administration of nerve growth factor antiserum, 6-hydroxy-dopamine or postganglionic axotomy. Quantitative ultrastructural studies of these animals at later stages of development revealed that, with each method, the number of preganglionic axons and Schwann cells was reduced to nearly one-third of normal. These findings indicate that the superior cervical ganglion plays an important role in the development of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Removal of ganglionic cells causes a retrograde loss of preganglionic fibres. This process probably represents an exaggeration of the normal mechanism for elimination of redundant axons. Because the changes in axonal numbers are associated with similar reductions in the number of Schwann cells, it can also be concluded that postnatal Schwann cell proliferation is influenced by axonal populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01181653
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of long spinal axons in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 13 (1984), S. 165-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate regeneration of long spinal axons, the right lateral column of the rat spinal cord was cut at high cervical, low cervical, midthoracic or lumbar level, and one end of an autologous sciatic nerve segment was grafted to the spinal cord at the site of incision. Three to six months after operation, the origin of axons in the grafts was traced retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase injected into the grafts and, in some cases, anterogradely with radioautography of tritiated amino acids injected into the brainstem. Axons from each of the major lateral spinal tracts arising in the brainstem as well as axons ascending from the lower spinal cord succeeded in growing into low cervical grafts. However, long descending axons rarely regenerated after midthoracic or lumbar injury; axons ascending from lumbar segments of the spinal cord usually failed to enter high cervical grafts. Differences in axonal regrowth at the four segmental levels were not simply attributable to dwindling of axonal number in fibre tracts. Axonal regeneration from Clarke's column or the red nucleus was observed only with lesions causing atrophy of many neurons. There was no obvious example of a fibre tract in the lateral spinal columns from which axons failed to regenerate nor from which axons regenerated exceptionally well. Under the conditions of these experiments, the distance from cell body to injury appeared to be an important determinant of axonal regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01148324
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