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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma melphalan and prednisolone concentrations during oral therapy for multiple myeloma (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 9 (1982), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine patients with myeloma were studied over 13 oral administrations of 10 mg melphalan and 5–10 mg prednisolone. Plasma melphalan concentrations were estimated by high-pressure liquid chromatography, prednisolone concentrations by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. The mean plasma half-life of unchanged melphalan was 0.9±0.5 (SD) h. The ‘lag-time’ before melphalan was detected in the plasma varied from 1 to 4 h, the mean peak concentration was 96±21 ng/ml, and the mean area under the plasma concentration by time curve was 160±78 ng h/ml. This variability was consistent with observations made elsewhere following much higher oral doses of melphalan and illustrates the relatively wide interindividual variability of absorption. Observations made in the same subjects on two separate occasions showed lower variability. The melphalan elimination rate was not significantly affected by moderate impairment of creatinine clearance (to 31 ml/min). Absorption of prednisolone in five of these patients was apparently normal and unaffected by concurrent administration of melphalan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296764
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of melphalan in children following high-dose intravenous injection (1983)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 10 (1983), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of high-dose IV melphalan (140 or 220 mg m-2) were studied after 12 administrations in 10 children (aged 2.5–16 years) undergoing chemotherapy for either neuroblastoma or Ewing's tumour. To assess whether a simpler and less expensive nitrobenzylpyridine (NBP) spectrophotometric assay for alkylating activity was a satisfactory alternative to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), the plasma melphalan concentration was estimated by both methods in five cases. Analysis of the disposition of melphalan gave a mean half-life of 1.3±1.0 (SD) h, clearance 18.4±9.4l · h1 · m2, and apparent volume of distribution 26.3±18.0 l · m-2. These pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to those found in adults: no correlation was found between any parameter and age or glomerular filtration rate. NBP alkylating activity determinations yielded consistent results and good correlation with plasma melphalan concentration. However, concordance analysis indicated a consistent bias, the NBP assay always giving lower estimates of plasma melphalan concentration: HPLC assay therefore remains the method of choice for determining plasma melphalan pharmacokinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255766
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of dapsone estimated by a thin layer chromatographic method (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dapsone ; salivary drug elimination ; pharmacokinetics ; acetylator phenotype
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high performance thin layer chromatographic assay for dapsone is described with a minimum level of detection of 20 ng ml−1 which is suitable for the study of dapsone pharmacokinetics in plasma and saliva. 100 mg dapsone was administered orally to seven normal adult volunteers, the mean plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were: α=0.23 h−1; β=0.0236 h−1, and t1/2β=30.2 h. Dapsone is also eliminated into the saliva and the t1/2 may be determined via its estimation in saliva. It is 73% bound to plasma protein and the saliva/plasma concentration ratio was found to be 27%. In two subjects the free plasma dapsone concentration was identical to the simultaneous salivary dapsone concentration. Therefore the salivary dapsone concentration is a measure of the free plasma fraction of dapsone. Saliva/plasma dapsone concentration ratios show no time or concentration dependence and little inter-individual variation but are unsuitable for acetylator phenotype determination because monoacetyldapsone is not eliminated in the saliva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562621
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site selection byMicrophallus pygmaeus Levinsen, 1881 (Trematoda: Microphallidae) in the laboratory mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 73 (1987), S. 250-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract WhenMicrophallus pygmaeus Levinsen, 1881 was inoculated orally to laboratory mice, most specimens, failed to attach to the intestinal wall and passed out rapidly with the faeces. Those which did settle were distributed more or less evenly throughout the small intestine by 4 h after inoculation. By day 1 after inoculation the worms had developed to oviposition and most were found in the ileum. By 2 days after inoculation all worms were established, and they remained in this region where they grew and continued egg production with very little further mortality until day 6 after inoculation. Thereafter, gravid worms progressively detached and passed rapidly through the caecum, colon, and rectum with the faeces. All parasites had been voided by about day 12 inoculation. In spite of high mortality, distribution in the small intestine is also affected by the site of implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578513
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of thyroxine and propyl thiouracil onParastrongylus malaysiensis infection in rats (1994)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 80 (1994), S. 87-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Daily intramuscular injection with thyroxine (T4) at a dose of 2.5 μg/100 g body weight decreased the larvae and adult worm burden ofParastrongylus malaysiensis in the brain and pulmonary arteries of male Sprague-Dawley albino rats. In contrast, rats treated with propyl thiouracil (PTU), an antithyroid drug, at a dose of 3.75 mg/100 g body weight retained greater numbers of larvae and adult worms. The results may reflect the contrasting immunomodulatory effects of T4 and PTU that influence the susceptibility of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932632
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of estradiol on worm burden and peripheral leukocytes inParastrongylus malaysiensis-infected rats (1994)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 80 (1994), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gonadectomized male laboratory rats were given 0.06 mg/kg estradiol benzoate daily for 14 days before being inoculated with 50 third-stage larvae ofParastrongylus malaysiensis. Hormone treatment was continued until the rats were killed. The numbers of larvae in the brain and of adult worms in the pulmonary area of the rats were determined every 7 days after the inoculation. It was found that the rats treated daily with estradiol benzoate had significantly and consistently higher numbers of larvae and adult worms as compared with the controls. The number of total leukocytes increased significantly after the rats were infected. The results show that estradiol-treated rats become susceptible toP. malaysiensis infection, which may indicate that the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone observed in earlier studies may partly be caused by estradiol that was peripherally aromatized from testosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932628
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Worm burden and leukocyte response inAngiostrongylus malaysiensis-infected rats: the influence of testosterone (1992)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 78 (1992), S. 388-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gonadectomized male albino rats aged 7 weeks were given 1.5 mg/kg testosterone propionate daily and inoculated with 50 third-stage larvae ofAngiostrongylus malaysiensis. The treatment significantly increased the number of larvae and adult worms recovered from the brain and pulmonary arteries, respectively, and the rats exhibited smaller thymus glands. The total numbers of leukocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and especially eosinophils increased significantly post-infection, but the counts were higher in the untreated infected controls. Presumably, immunosuppressive effects of testosterone may at least partly be responsible for the higher loads ofA. malaysiensis worms found in male rats as compared with females in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931693
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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