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Manganese in apatites, chemical, ligand-field and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies (1993)

Mayer, I. ; Diab, H. ; Reinen, D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 2428-2432

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ISSN: 1573-4803

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Hydroxapatites precipitated with different amounts of carbonate and Mn2+ were studied. Infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction lattice parameters and thermal behaviour indicate that the presence of Mn2+ does not have any effect on the formation and properties of the carbonate apatites obtained. Interaction of apatite with a Mn2+-containing aqueous solution reveals that the molar uptake of Mn2+ by the apatite is higher than the Ca2+ released by it. Ligand-field and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy results show that in Mn2+-doped Cd5(PO4)3Cl, Mn2+ replaces Ca2+ in the apatite lattice, but in precipitated carbonate apatite it is in an MnO phase. The conclusion that Mn2+ in precipitated carbonate apatites is not incorporated in the apatite crystal is discussed in the light of the size differences between Mn2+ and Ca2+.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01151675

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Ein mikrorechnersystem für fermentationseinrichtungen (1982)

Albrecht, Ch. ; Ichter, K. R

Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell

Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 239-249

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ISSN: 0138-4988

Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: For several years now, we can notice efforts in increasing the efficiency of microbial processes by means of more intensive scientific investigation of such processes. Essential prerequisites to it are improved possibilities for process monitoring (available sensors) as well as facilities for realtime processing of process information. In this paper a microcomputer system is represented, which has been constructed on the base of computing needs for fermentation. The computing needs for fermentation experiments are outlined and the structure of the microcomputer is described. As an example it is illustrated what tasks can be solved by this microcomputer in coupled operation with a laboratory fermentor.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.