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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hippocampal Membranes Contain a Neurotrophic Activity That Stimulates Cholinergic Properties of Fetal Rat Septal Neurons Cultured Under Serum-Free Conditions (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 52 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Primary cultures of fetal rat septal neurons were used to identify a membrane-associated cholinergic neurotrophic activity. Under serum-free culture conditions, ∼98% of the septal cells are neurons, and ∼6% of the neurons are cholinergic as determined immunocytochemically. Crude membranes prepared from rat hippocampal homogenates stimulate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in treated septal neurons. The membrane-associated trophic activity is apparent at lower protein concentrations than activity present in the soluble fraction and is unevenly distributed in various brain regions; it is highest in hippocampus and striatum and negligible in cerebellum. Membrane trophic activity is developmentally regulated, is heat and trypsin sensitive, and increases the rate of expression of ChAT in septal neurons. Upon gel nitration chromatography of a high-salt membrane extract, trophic activity elutes as a broad peak in the 500 kilodalton (kD) molecular mass range. Stimulation of septal neuronal ChAT activity by either crude membranes or partially purified preparations is not inhibited by antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF), and its maximal activity is additive to maximally active doses of NGF. The results indicate that hippocampal membranes contain cholinergic neurotrophic activity which may be important for the development of septal cholinergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb02547.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular Location and Neuronal Release of Diazepam Binding Inhibitor (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), a peptide located in CNS neurons, blocks the binding of benzodiaze-pines and β-carbolines to the allosteric modulatory sites of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors. Subcellular frac-tionation studies of rat brain indicate that DBI is compartmentalized. DBI-like immunoreactivity is highly enriched in synaptosomes obtained by differential centrifugation in isotonic sucrose followed by a Percoll gradient. In synapto-somal lysate, DBI-like immunoreactivity is primarily associated with synaptic vesicles partially purified by differential centrifugation and continuous sucrose gradient. Depolarization induced by high K+ levels (50 mM) or veratridine (50 μM) released DBI stored in neurons of superfused slices of hypothalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex. The high K+ level-induced release is Ca2+ dependent, and the release induced by veratridine is blocked by 1.7 μM tetrodotoxin. Depolarization released GABA and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 together with DBI. DBI is also released by veratridine depolarization, in a tetrodotoxin-sen-sitive fashion, from primary cultures of cerebral cortical neurons, but not from cortical astrocytes. Depolarization fails to release DBI from slices of liver and other peripheral organs. These data support the view that DBI may be released as a putative neuromodulatory substance from rat brain neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05632.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CDKN2/p16 Predicts Survival in Oligodendrogliomas: Comparison with Astrocytomas (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 41 (1999), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: astrocytoma ; CDKN2/p16 ; cyclins ; glioma ; MTS1 ; oligodendroglioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor (CDKN2/p16) is a cell cycle regulatory protein that has been demonstrated to be inactivated by mutations, deletions or transcriptional silencing during pathogenesis of a variety of human malignancies. We studied the correlation of CDKN2/p16 expression with cell proliferation activity and patient survival in 42 oligodendrogliomas and 36 astrocytomas. CDKN2/p16 expression was frequently decreased in grade II and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (17/42) where lack of CDKN2/p16 protein predicted poor survival (p=0.0045). In astrocytomas low CDKN2/p16 expression was associated with high histologic malignancy grade (p=0.002): CDKN2/p16 protein level was decreased in 9 out of 10 glioblastomas, in 5 out of 9 anaplastic astrocytomas, in 3 out of 10 grade II astrocytomas and in none of pilocytic astocytomas (0/7). Low CDKN2/p16 expression was also associated with high cell proliferation activity (MIB-1 immunocytochemistry: p=0.004; mitotic index: p=0.007) and poor patient survival (p=0.025) in astrocytomas. Low CDKN2/p16 mRNA expression had the same topographic distribution as nuclear CDKN2/p16 immunoreactivity proving for reliability of the immunocytochemical findings. Our results are in agreement with earlier studies demonstrating CDKN2/p16 inactivation during tumorigenesis of astrocytic tumors. Furthermore, our findings suggest that loss of CDKN2/p16 expression may also play an important role in the progression of oligodendrogliomas. According to our findings CDKN2/p16 immunocytochemistry could be used as a tool to identify those oligodendrogliomas and low grade astrocytomas that are likely to progress and have poor outcome, and thus would need more aggressive therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006185220369
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microspectrofluorimetric estimation of the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of the developing main pelvic ganglion of the rat (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 12 (1980), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) of the cytoplasm of individual developing neurons of the main pelvic ganglion was recorded microspectrofluorimetrically in order to follow changes in catecholamine (noradrenaline) content during development. For each ganglion, the fluorescence intensity profile was estimated and shown graphically as columns expressing percentage distribution of relative intensities in different intensity classes. During development, the number of weakly fluorescent neurons increases. Treatment with testosterone shifts the profile towards higher intensities in four- and six-week-old animals. Testosterone affected the main pelvic ganglion but not the superior cervical ganglion. The intensity of the cytoplasmic FIF, which correlates with the catecholamine (noradrenaline) content of the object tissue, showed a tendency to decrease during development. This change was not obvious by visual observation because of the increase in cell size and the toal bulk of the ganglion. Other possible factors affecting visual observation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066536
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfluorimetric quantification of catecholamine fluorescence in rat sympathetic ganglia (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 15 (1983), S. 1203-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) technique was used to generate catecholamine fluorphores in the perikarya of the sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion of adult rats. During microfluorimetric quantification, the photodecomposition was eliminated by a rapid measuring procedure with a small excitation field and by using only visible light between the measurements. The catecholamine fluorescence, induced in protein microdroplets with increasing noradrenaline concentrations, was linear up to 2×10−2 M which exceeds the noradrenaline content of even the most intensively fluorescent neurons. Thus, the differences in fluorescence intensities directly reflect the physiological state of each neuron with respect to their catecholamine content. The mean histograms reveal the changes which can only occur in certain neurons, and which can disappear if the mean only is assessed. The microfluorimetric method was sensitive enough to detect even minute changes induced by reserpine treatment in the catecholamine content of the sympathetic ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01002740
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution and endocrine nature of the abdominal paraganglia of adult man (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 153 (1978), S. 563-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The paraganglia of adult man were studied using the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF) method for histochemical characterization of biogenic monoamines. Microspectrofluorimetry was used to record the emission spectra and fluorescence intensities of the paraganglionic cells. The study of samples from six patients showed that well vascularized paraganglia were widely distributed throughout the retroperitoneal spaces. The paraganglia exhibited strong FIF with the spectral characteristics of monoamines. Treatment with HCl caused an increase in the fluoresoence intensity of the paraganglia and a simultaneous shift of the emission maximum from 480-495 nm. This change suggests the presence of high concentrations of tryptophyl-containing peptides and is not due to monoamines. The possibility of a dual endocrine function for the paraganglia is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001530407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic localization of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the human adrenal medulla (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 12 (1989), S. 380-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Chromaffin cells ; Immunohistochemical studies ; Adrenomedullary granules ; Catecholamines ; Opioid peptides ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in human adrenomedullary cells was studied at the light and electron microscopic levels. Enkephalin immunostaining was associated with chromaffin granules and, in a few cells, with the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well. The relative number of stained granules varied from cell to cell, and a correlation with a particular granular population was not noted. Both large and small granules were labelled. It is concluded that in the human the ability to store enkephalin immunoreactive peptides is a general property of chromaffin granules and, furthermore, is not correlated with specific granular subpopulations or the particular type of catecholamine stored within the cell.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060120410
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