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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arginine catabolism in Aphanocapsa 6308 (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 118 (1978), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Arginine catabolism ; Arginine dihydrolase pathway ; Cyanobacteria ; Aphanocapsa 6308 ; Arginase ; Urease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The catabolic products of arginine metabolism were observed in Aphanocapsa 6308, a unicellular cyanobacterium, by thin layer chromatography of growth media, by limiting growth conditions, and by enzymatic analysis. Of the organic, nitrogenous compounds examined, only arginine supported growth in CO2-free media. The excretion of ornithine at a concentration level greater than citrulline suggested the existence in Aphanocapsa 6308 of the arginine dihydrolase pathway which produced ornithine, CO2, NH4, + adenosine 5′-triphosphate. Its existence was confirmed by enzymatic analysis. Although cells could not grow on urea as a sole carbon source a very active urease and subsequently an arginase were also demonstrated, indicating that Aphanocapsa can metabolize arginine via the arginase pathway. The level of enzymes for both pathways indicates a lack of genetic control. It is suggested that the arginase pathway provides only nitrogen for the cells whereas the arginine dihydrolase pathway provides not only nitrogen, but also CO2 and adenosine 5′-triphosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406066
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some environmental factors on cyanophage AS-1 development in Anacystis nidulans (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanophage ; Blue-green algae ; Blue-green algal virus ; AS-1 ; Anacystis nidulans ; Phage development ; Photosynthesis ; Synechococcus 6301
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development cycle of the cyanophage AS-1 was studied in the host blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans, under conditions that impair photosynthesis and under various light/dark regimes. Under standard conditions of incubation the 16-h development cycle consisted of a 5-h eclipse period and an 8-h latent period. Burst size was decreased by dark incubation to 2% of that observed in the light. An inhibitor of photosystem II, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), reduced the burst size to 27% of that of the uninhibited control, whereas cyanophage production was completely abolished by carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport. Dark incubation of infected cells decreased the latent period by 1–2 h and the eclipse period by 1 h, once the cultures were illuminated. This suggests that adsorption took place in the dark. Intracellular growth curves indicated that light is necessary for viral development. Infected cells must be illuminated at least 13 h to produce a complete burst at the same rate as the continuously illuminated control. Low light intensities retarded the development cycle, and at lowest light intensities no phage yield was obtained. AS-1 is highly dependent on host cell photophosphorylation for its development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416969
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyanophycin granule polypeptide protease in a unicellular cyanobacterium (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanophycin granule polypeptide ; Multi-L-arginyl-poly (L-aspartic acid) ; Proteolytic enzyme ; Protease ; Cyanobacteria ; Blue-green algae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An assay was developed to measure the proteolysis of cyanophycin granule polypeptide in crude extracts of a unicellular cyanobacterium. The substrate was radioactively labeled cyanophycin granule polypeptide formed by an unicellular cyanobacterium grown in the presence of chloramphenicol. Substrate polypeptide displayed identical chemical properties with polypeptide isolated from non-chloramphenicol-treated cells. Solubilization of radioactivity as arginine indicated hydrolysis of polypeptide. Radioactively labeled aspartate and arginine from hydrolyzed polypeptide was related to nmol amino acid using a combination of paper chromatography, liquid scintillation analysis, and ninhydrin quantitation. Protease activity was found in extracts of nitrogen-limited cells harvested 16–24 h after a nitrogen source was added back. Optimal pH for protease activity was 8.0 and optimum temperature was 35°C. Protease activity in crude extracts followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a V max of 92 nmol arginine per 15 min/mg protein and a K m of 2.1×103 nmol arginine. Protease activity was inhibited by arginine and by high concentrations of aspartate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen limitation and recovery in the cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa 6308 (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen limitation ; Nitrogen recovery ; Cyanobacteria ; Aphanocapsa 6308 ; Multi-l-arginine-poly (l-aspartic acid) ; Cyanophycin granule polypeptide ; Phycocyanin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nitrogen limitation and recovery on nitrogen-containing macromolecules were followed in the cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa 6308. Removal of nitrogen from growth media triggers the degradation of the endogenous nitrogen reserves phycocyanin and cyanophycin granule polypeptide in the cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa 6308. Nitrogen recovery involves immediate synthesis of cyanophycin granule polypeptide with peak levels of 5–12% of cell dry weight found 8–12 h after a utilizable nitrogen source is added. A rapid decrease in cyanophycin granule polypeptide level then occurs and the level remains low even in light-limited stationary growth with all nitrogen sources tested except nitrate and ammonia. Protein and phycocyanin recoveries began 3 h after a utilizable nitrogen source was added. Data suggest continuous activity of the enzyme system synthesizing cyanophycin granule polypeptide in nitrogen-limited cells, but synthesis of a degrading system only after nitrogen recovery begins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422297
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of photosynthesis during nitrogen depletion and recovery in a non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 428-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Nitrogen depletion ; Nitrogen recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When cells of Synechocystis strain PCC 6308 are starved for nitrogen, the amount of stored carbohydrate increases, the phycocyanin to chlorophyll a ratio decreases, and the rates of oxygen evolution and of carbon dioxide fixation decrease. When nitrate-nitrogen is replenished, the amount of carbohydrate decreases, the rate of oxygen evolution increases immediately, preceeding the increase in phycocyanin or carbon dioxide fixation. The rate of respiration first increases and then decreases upon nitrogen addition. Nitrogen-starved cells show no variable fluorescence; variable fluorescence recovered in parallel with oxygen evolution. This suggests that photosystem II is inactive in nitrogen depleted cells and not blocked by a build up of metabolic endproducts. Since carbon dioxide fixation does not increase until two to four hours after nitrate is replenished to nitrogen starved cells, it is suggested that reducing power may first be needed within the cell for some other process than photosynthesis, such as nitrate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248422
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen chlorosis in blue-green algae (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 69 (1969), S. 114-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen deficient Anacystis nidulans contained normal levels of chlorophyll-a and carotenoids but did not contain any phycocyanin. These organisms also contained large amounts of polysaccharide. The addition of nitrate to a deficient culture resulted in the recovery of normal pigmentation over a period of several hours. The relation between these changes and growth was established by a kinetic study of the changes in cell composition during pigment loss and recovery. Loss of phycocyanin commenced with the cessation of growth due to nitrogen limitation and was complete after 15 hours. In contrast there were only minor changes in chlorophyll-a and carotenoid. After growth had ceased polysaccharide continued to increase and viability dropped sharply although total cell counts did not change. These trends were reversed by the addition of nitrate to deficient cultures. Phycocyanin was detected after a short lag and normal levels of phycobiliprotein were present within 8 hours. Cell division did not begin until normal levels of phycocyanin had been restored. During the recovery of normal pigmentation there was a decrease in reducing sugar content and a sharp rise in viability. Qualitative studies with 9 additional blue-green algae suggest that loss of phycocyanin is a characteristic feature of nitrogen deficiency in blue-green algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409755
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