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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmentally regulated expression of two MADS-box genes, MdMADS3 and MdMADS4, in the morphogenesis of flower buds and fruits in apple (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 210 (2000), S. 519-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Flower and fruit development – MADS-box gene (MdMADS3, MdMADS4) –Malus (MADS-box gene) – Pome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Two MADS-box genes, MdMADS3 and MdMADS4, were isolated from the apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivar Fuji, and their spatial and temporal expression patterns were studied during morphological differentiation of the flower buds and the fruits. Both MdMADS3 and MdMADS4 showed high sequence similarities to FBP2 from petunia, TM5 from tomato, and AGL2, AGL4 from Arabidopsis. Although MdMADS3 was expressed in the inner three whorls of the floral primordium, its expression was hardly detectable in developing fruit. The second gene, MdMADS4, was ubiquitously expressed in the inflorescence meristem, floral meristem, all four floral organs, and fruit. Moreover, MdMADS4 expression was high in the vascular bundles assigned to the floral tube and the carpellary vascular bundles in fruit at early developmental stages. The MdMADS4 transcript also accumulated in embryos of the developing seeds. These results suggest that MdMADS3 and MdMADS4 are involved in different functions, and that MdMADS4 may function in the important events controlling flower and fruit development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stability of foreign protein production in genetically modified plant cells (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 533-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Plant cells ; Genetic modification ; Stability ; GUS ; Tobacco cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The stability of foreign protein production in genetically engineered plant cells was studied. A cultured tobacco cell line was transformed with a chimeric molecule carrying a bacterial gene, ß-glucuronidase (GUS), under plant regulatory sequences. The specific GUS activity was monitored for 294 days with ten independently transformed cell lines either in the presence or the absence of selectable antibiotics. Specific GUS activity was stably maintained in five lines. About a two-to four-fold increase in the GUS activity was observed from three cell lines. The remaining two cell lines lost the activity within the first 70 to 210 days. The presence of antibiotics did not significantly alter the stability of the foreign protein production in all cell lines examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234589
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abundance patterns of lily pollen cDNAs: characterization of three pollen-preferential cDNA clones (1994)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 7 (1994), S. 76-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Pollen ; mRNA abundance ; cDNA Pectate lyase ; Thioredoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-five clones were randomly selected from a mature pollen cDNA library of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) in order to study the abundance of pollen-expressed mRNAs and the functional roles of the proteins encoded by these mRNAs. Plaque hybridization experiments were conducted to estimate indirectly the expression level of the mRNAs. Based on the hybridization frequency in the mature pollen library, the cDNA clones were divided into three abundance groups. Eight clones belonged to a high abundance class in which each cDNA clone was present in the mature lily pollen library at a frequency between 0.3 and 3%. Six of these clones were not found in cDNA libraries made from carpel, leaf, or root, suggesting that they are preferentially expressed in pollen. Fourteen clones belonged to a medium abundance class and were present in the mature pollen library at a frequency between 0.01 and 0.08%. The remaining three clones, which were present at a frequency below 0.01%, were grouped as a low abundance class. Almost all of the cDNA clones which belong to either the medium or low abundance class were also detected in the leaf library. Northern blot hybridization with three of the highly abundant cDNA clones confirmed their preferential expression in anther. In situ hybridization experiment with one of the clones showed the pollen-specific expression of the clone in mature anther. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the clone LMP131 encodes a peptide which is highly homologous to the tomato pollen-preferential gene, LAT59, which encodes a putative pectate lyase. The clone LMP134 encodes a peptide that shows an extensive similarity to a variety of thioredoxins. The third clone LMP132 encodes a 182-residue protein that has no significant homology to known sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230575
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amphotericin B enhances efficiency of DNA-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells (1985)
    Springer
    Somatic cell and molecular genetics 11 (1985), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using plasmids containing the genes for thymidine kinase (tk) and neomycin resistance (neo), we have shown that DNA-mediated genotypic transformation of L and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is increased several-fold by the presence of the sterolbinding polyene antibiotic, amphotericin. Transformation into the same host cells, using genomic DNA, was also enhanced by amphotericin. Phenotypic expression of β-galactosidase activity of a plasmid containing the gene for the enzyme was also markedly elevated when the antibiotic was added at transfection. Other sterol-binding polyene antibiotics also showed activity in these DNA-mediated gene transfer assays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01534699
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two rice MADS domain proteins interact with OsMADS1 (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 513-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: leucine zipper motif ; MADS box ; protein-protein interaction ; transcriptional activator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract OsMADS1 is a MADS box gene controlling flower development in rice. In order to learn more about the function of OsMADS1, we searched for cellular proteins interacting with OsMADS1 employing the yeast two-hybrid system. Two novel proteins with MADS domains, which were named OsMADS14 and OsMADS15, were isolated from a rice cDNA library. OsMADS14 and -15 are highly homologous to the maize MADS box gene ZAP1 which is an orthologue of the floral homeotic gene APETALA1 (AP1). Interactions among the three MADS domain proteins were confirmed by in vitro experiments using GST-fused OsMADS1 expressed in Escherichia coli and in vitro translated proteins of OsMADS14 and -15. We determined which domains in OsMADS1, -14, and -15 were required for protein-protein interaction employing the two-hybrid system and pull-down experiments. While the K domain was essential for protein-protein interaction, a region preceded by the K domain augmented this interaction. Interestingly, the C-terminal region of OsMADS1 functioned as a transcriptional activation domain in yeast and mammalian cells, while, on the other hand, the C domains of OsMADS14 and -15 exhibited only very weak transcriptional activator functionality, if any at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026517111843
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a rice APETALA3 homologue by yeast two-hybrid screening (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: APETALA3 ; MADS gene ; protein-protein interaction ; rice ; transcription activation ; yeast two-hybrid system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone OsMADS16 was isolated from the rice young inflorescence cDNA expression library by the yeast two-hybrid screening method with OsMADS4 as bait. We have previously shown that the OsMADS4 gene is a member of the PI family and that the MADS-box gene is involved in controlling development of the second and third whorls of rice flowers. The sequence comparison indicated that OsMADS16 belongs to the AP3 family. The OsMADS16 protein contains a PI-derived motif, FAFRVVPSQPNLH, that is a conserved sequence in AP3 family genes at the C-terminal region. In addition, OsMADS16 contains a paleoAP3 motif, YGGNHDLRLG, downstream of the PI-derived motif. The paleoAP3 motif is a consensus sequence in the C-terminal region of the AP3 family genes of lower eudicot and magnolid dicot species. RNA blot analysis showed that the OsMADS16 gene was expressed in the second and third whorls, whereas the OsMADS4 transcripts were present in the second, third, and fourth whorls. These expression patterns of the OsMADS16 and OsMADS4 genes are very similar to those of AP3 and PI, respectively. In the yeast two-hybrid system, OsMADS4 interacted only with OsMADS16 among several rice MADS genes investigated, suggesting that OsMADS4 and OsMADS16 function as a heterodimer in specifying sepal and petal identities. The OsMADS16 protein displayed transcription activation ability in yeast, whereas AP3 did not. It was also shown in yeast that OsMADS16 interacted with PI whereas OsMADS4 did not interact with AP3. These differences between OsMADS16 and AP3 indicate that the functions of the AP3 family genes of monocots and dicots diverged during molecular evolution processes of the B function genes. Deletion analysis showed that the 155–200 amino acid region of the OsMADS16 protein plays an important role in the transcription activation ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026429922616
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 20 nucleotide upstream element is essential for the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter activity (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: auxin ; methyl jasmonate ; nopaline synthase promoter ; regulatory element ; salicylic acid ; wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nopaline synthase (nos) promoter is expressed in a wide range of plant cell types and regulated by various developmental and environmental factors. The nos upstream control region essential for this regulation was studied by means of synthetic oligomers using transient and stable transformation systems. Insertion of a 20 nucleotide sequence containing two hexamer motifs and a spacer region into deletion mutants lacking the upstream control region was essential for promoter activity. Mutation of one or more nucleotides of either hexamer sequence significantly altered the strength of expression of the nos promoter. Point mutations within the spacer region also strongly influenced promoter strength. Insertion of multiple copies of the 20 nucleotide sequence into the nonfunctional deletion mutants proportionally increased the promoter activity. These results suggest that this twenty nucleotide sequence is essential for the nos promoter to function. Substitution of the nos element with the ocs or 35S as-1 which contain similar hexamer motifs restored not only promoter activity but also responses to wounding, auxin, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040578
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory genes controlling flowering time or floral organ development (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043862
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the C-terminal region of Arabidopsis thaliana APETALA1 as a transcription activation domain (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 419-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: APETALA1 (AP1) ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; transcriptional activator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract APETALA1 (AP1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is a transcription factor controlling flower development. AP1 is a member of the MADS (MCM1, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS, SRF) superfamily, which plays important roles in differentiation in plants and animals. MADS domains, which function most importantly in DNA binding, are found in all major eukaryotic kingdoms. In plants, MADS domain-containing proteins also possess a region of moderate sequence similarity named the K domain, which is involved in protein-protein interaction. Little is known about the function of a third, highly variable, domain designated the C domain, as it resides at the C terminus of the MADS proteins of plants. Here we report that the C-terminal domain of Arabidopsis thaliana AP1 and its homologues perform a transcriptional activation function. The C-terminal region of AP1 is composed of at least two separable transcriptional activation domains that function synergistically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006273127067
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental and environmental regulation of two ribosomal protein genes in tobacco (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 761-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: auxin ; cell suspension ; cytokinin ; ribosomal protein ; tobacco ; wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNA clones, TSC29 and TSC40, were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from three-day-old tobacco cell suspension grown to early exponential stage. DNA sequence analyses and database searches revealed that the TSC29 transcript encodes a protein which is highly homologous to eukaryotic 60S ribosomal (r)-protein L25 and that the TSC40 product is homologous to rat 60S r-protein L34. Southern blot analysis showed that the putative r-protein genes are members of multigene families. Transcript levels of both genes were most abundant in three-day-old cell suspension and declined in older cultures. Transcripts were also present in plant vegetative and reproductive organs. However, for TSC40 in particular, the mRNA levels were lower in plant organs than in three-day-old cell suspension. Stems and roots exhibited higher expression than leaves and flowers, indicating that these clones are differentially regulated in various cell types. Both genes were expressed at low levels in mature seeds but transcript levels significantly increased after one day of germination, remained at a high level until day 4, and declined after day 5.in situ localization experiments with germinating seedlings revealed that the TSC29 transcript was preferentially localized in root tips, epidermis, and endosperm. Wounding increased the steady-state mRNA amounts of these r-protein genes, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine further increased the transcript level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028872
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