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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal voluntary isometric strength in Danish adolescents 16–19 years of age (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Isometric strength ; Adolescents ; Population study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The force in maximal voluntary isometric contraction of elbow flexors, knee extensors, trunk flexors, and trunk extensors was measured in a representative sample of Danish school children 16–19 years of age (128 boys and 165 girls). The 16 year old boys were 177.8 cm in height, with a mean increase of 1.4 cm per year up to 19 years, and they weighed 66.0 kg, with a mean increase of 1.8 kg per year up to age 19. The girls were 168.0 cm in height with no increase up to age 19, and their mean weight was 59.6 kg, which increased by 1.8 kg per year up to age 19 (p〉0.05). The strength in the four muscle groups for boys a girls respectively was 281 N and 182 N for elbow flexors, 574 N and 419 N for knee extensors, 601 N and 404 N for trunk flexors and 664 N and 499 N for trunk extensors. An increase in strength in the elbow and trunk flexors and a decrease in strength in the trunk extensors in relation to values obtained in 1956 was seen, and a difference in strength per kg lean body mass between the boys and the girls was also observed. The estimated strength per unit cross-sectional area of muscle was 38 N · cm−2 in both boys and girls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696381
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal oxygen uptake, maximal voluntary isometric contraction and physical activity in young Danish adults (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 67 (1993), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Population study ; Sport ; Aerobic power ; Strength ; Employment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomly selected sample of 88 men and 115 women, aged 23–27 years from Denmark, maximal oxygen uptake ( $$\dot V$$ O2max), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) in four muscle groups and physical activity were studied. The $$\dot V$$ O2max was 48.0 ml · min−1 kg−1 and 39.6 ml · min−1 · kg−1 for the men and the women, respectively. The MVC was 10% lower than in a comparable group of Danes of the same age and height studied 35 years ago. Only in men was sports activity directly related to $$\dot V$$ O2max (ml · min−1 · kg−1; r=0.31, P〈0.01). The MVC of the knee extensors was related to $$\dot V$$ O2max in the men (r=0.31, P〈0.01), but there was no relationship between the other measurements of MVC and $$\dot V$$ O2max. In the women $$\dot V$$ O2max (ml · min−1 · kg−1) was only related to body size, i.e. body mass index, percentage body fat and body mass [(r= −0.47, −0.48 (both P〈0.001) and −0.34. (P〈0.01), respectively)]. There were differences in $$\dot V$$ O2max in the men, according to education and occupation. Blue collar workers and subjects attending vocational or trade schools in 1983 had lower $$\dot V$$ O2max and more of them were physically inactive. In the women differences were also found, but there was no clear pattern among the groups. More of the women participated regularly in sports activity, but more of the men were very active compared to the women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357629
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximal oxygen uptake in Danish adolescents 16–19 years of age (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 74-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Maximal oxygen uptake ; Adolescent ; Population study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A random sample of schoolchildren, 119 boys and 153 girls, was tested in the fall of 1983. The data presented here are anthropometric data (height, weight, fat % and vital capacity) and oxygen uptake directly measured on a bicycle ergometer. The mean height and weight for boys were 179.1 cm and 67.7 kg, and those for girls were 168.0 cm and 59.6 kg. The mean fat content was 9.1% for boys and 19.1% for girls, and their mean vital capacities were 4.91 and 3.61 respectively. The boys had a high maximal oxygen uptake (51.7 ml · kg−1 · min−1) showing no reduction over the age span studied. The girls' maximal oxygen uptake was lower (overall mean 40.0 ml · kg−1 · min−1) with a small reduction from 16 to 19 years of age. When comparing maximal oxygen uptake per kg lean body mass in the two sexes, the boys had 18.4% higher values than the girls, indicating that girls of this age have the lower fitness level. The results of maximal aerobic power measurement in the boys compare well with findings from other investigations using direct measurements, indicating that the fitness of teenage boys is kept at a high level. Comparable data from various countries for girls show different pictures, but it appears that in general they have a low fitness level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696380
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of mortality rates in three prospective studies from Copenhagen with mortality rates in the central part of the city, and the entire country (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 14 (1998), S. 579-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Participation ; Population study ; Representativity ; Standardized mortality ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Valid generalizations of results from population-based epidemiological surveys requires knowledge about how representative the sample is. The Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies have assessed mortality on the basis of pooled data from three research programmes in the region of Copenhagen. In two of the studies, subjects were randomly selected, using the Danish Central Population Registry, within certain age groups and area-restricted sectors of the Greater Copenhagen. In the third study, men employed in 14 companies participated. Participation rates were between 78% and 87% in the three programmes. Standardized mortality rates (SMR) were calculated in relation to mortality rates in the municipality of Copenhagen and in the whole country in three age groups and the two genders. SMR values in the whole sample including non-participants were similar to rates for Copenhagen in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, whereas mortality rates in the Glostrup Population Studies were similar to rates for the whole country. The mortality rates among participants were lower than in the whole sample, and differences existed in relation to region and selection criteria of the cohorts. The Copenhagen Male Study, where only employed men were included, showed the lowest mortality rates, and higher rates were found in the study from the central part of the City (the Copenhagen City Heart Study) compared to the study from the suburbs (the Glostrup Population Studies). The difference between mortality rates in the cohorts and in Copenhagen City decreased with increasing age. The SMR converged towards 1.00 with increasing observation time. In conlusion, high participation rates were found in all three studies, resulting in SMR values for participants only slightly lower than in the source population in the two randomly selected samples, but 30% lower values in the sample of employed men. As mortality rates in the total samples including non-participants were markedly higher than among the participants, generalizations of results for participants to the whole population should be made with caution, especially during the first years of observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007485116788
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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