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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal study on periodontal conditions in healthy elderly people in Japan (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 30 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract –Objectives: A strategy for the control of periodontal disease progression is required to prevent tooth loss in older people. However, detailed epidemiological data on periodontal conditions in elderly people is limited. The purpose of the present study is to describe the natural history of periodontal disease and to evaluate the intraoral factors relating to the disease progression in systemically healthy elderly people.Methods: In the cross-sectional study, 599 and 162 subjects aged 70 and 80 years, respectively, were examined. Of those subjects aged 70 years, 436 (73%) participated in the 2-year longitudinal study. Pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were measured for all functioning teeth at six sites per tooth. In the cross-sectional study, AL of 4 mm or greater and 7 mm or greater were defined as moderate and severe disease, respectively. In the longitudinal study, a change in AL of 3 mm or greater at each site was defined as periodontal disease progression.Results: In the cross-sectional study, 97.1% of the subjects had at least one site of AL of 4 mm or greater (4+ mm). The prevalence of AL of 7 mm or greater (7+ mm) was 47.9%, with 2.8 affected teeth per person in those with AL 7+ mm. These findings reveal that periodontal disease is extremely widespread in the elderly population. However, very few had many teeth with severe periodontal conditions. In the longitudinal study, 75.1% experienced attachment loss of 3 mm or greater (3+ mm) during the 2-year study period. Of those subjects who experienced attachment loss, a mean of 4.7 teeth exhibited attachment loss. Multivariate logistic regression showed that both the highest AL in each tooth at baseline and abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significantly related to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss incidence.Conclusions: These results suggest that teeth with poor periodontal conditions as well as abutment teeth for removable partial dentures were significant intraoral factors relating to periodontal disease progression as well as tooth loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00005.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for periodontal disease progression among elderly people (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for periodontal disease progression by individual characteristics at baseline among elderly people over a 2-year period. Subjects were selected from 4542 people aged 70 years residing in Niigata who were in good general health and who did not require special care for their daily activities. Gender, smoking and alcohol drinking habits were obtained using a questionnaire, while serum levels of disease markers were investigated and attachment levels were clinically recorded. For the assessment of periodontal disease progression, additional attachment loss was used if one or more sites had a 3-mm or more increase in probing attachment level over a 2-year period. In all, 394 subjects (208 males and 186 females) were surveyed. Approximately 75% of subjects exhibited additional attachment loss over a 2-year period. Significant associations were found between additional attachment loss and smoking, and attachment level of 6 mm or more at baseline, with odds ratios of 3.75 and 2.29, respectively. Smoking habit and baseline attachment level of 6 mm or more may be considered risk factors for further attachment loss among healthy elderly people.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2002.290702.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synergistic effect of bactobolamine and tacrolimus on in vitro and in vivo experiments (1997)
    Springer
    Surgery today 27 (1997), S. 1160-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Bactobolamine ; tacrolimus ; mizoribine ; combination index ; rat liver allotransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the immunosuppressive effect of bactobolamine (BBL) alone and in combination with tacrolimus (FK) using in vitro proliferation assays on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and in vivo liver allografts in rats. In the latter setting, the immunosuppressive activity of BBL alone and in combination with FK was compared to that of mizoribine (MIZ). The interactions between BBL and FK and between MIZ and FK were assessed by the combination index (CI) proposed by Chou and Kahan. In the in vitro study, the combination of BBL and FK displayed stronger inhibitory effects on T-cell proliferation than when each drug was applied alone. The mean CI values for the BBL/FK combination were below 1.0, rangin from 0.19 to 0.86, indicating synergism between BBL and FK. In the in vivo study, 50–200 mg/kg/day BBL monotherapy significantly prolonged survival compared with a control group, and the effect was dose-dependent. Conversely, the efficacy of MIZ monotherapy at 2.5–10 mg/kg/day did not increase dose-dependently. The CIs for MIZ at doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day with FK 0.08 mg/kg/day were 0.48 and 0.42, respectively, indicating therapeutic synergism between MIZ and FK. The CI for BBL 100mg/kg/day with FK was 0.26, which indicated further synergism between BBL and FK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385686
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A nonspecific colonic ulcer occurring after hepatectomy: Report of a Case (1997)
    Springer
    Surgery today 27 (1997), S. 353-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: nonspecific colonic ulcer ; liver dysfunction ; hepatectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We herein report the case of a 53-year-old man with a nonspecific acute colonic ulcer whose liver function deteriorated after he had undergone hepatectomy. He was referred to our hospital for a hepatoma caused by hepatitis B virus and a right hemihepatectomy was performed. His liver function was poor after the operation, and minor complications such as pleural effusion and biliary fistula developed. A large amount of melena was seen 29 days after the hepatectomy and he developed hemorrhagic shock. Superior mesenteric arteriography revealed pooling of blood in both the hepatic flexure of the ascending colon and the cecum. An emergency right hemicolectomy was performed. There was a 5 x 1-mm ulcer 18 cm distal to the ileocecal valve. Numerous erosions were observed to be scattered throughout the colonic mucosa. The patient recovered slowly and was discharged 6 months after the hepatectomy. This is the first report of an acute colonic ulcer that could have been caused by liver dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941812
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacodynamic modeling of prolonged administration of etoposide (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 39 (1996), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Pharmacodynamics ; Pharmacokinetics ; Etoposide ; Leukopenia ; Cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose: A refined pharmacodynamic model for toxicity is necessary for successful adaptive control of the administration of an anticancer drug to avoid toxicity. We sought to establish a pharmacodynamic model of leukopenia in a 14-day administration of etoposide. Methods: Pharmacokinetic data of 32 patients treated with etoposide infused over 14 days in a phase I study (20 patients) or in an adaptive control study (12 patients) were used to develop a model for the prediction of a leukocyte nadir count. The concentrations of both estimated unbound and total etoposide at steady state, as well as patient demographic factors, were included in linear and nonlinear models. The unbound fraction of etoposide was estimated using an equation based on serum albumin and total bilirubin. The efficacy of the models was evaluated in terms of correlation coefficient (r), mean predictive error (MPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results: For both total and unbound drug concentration, a nonlinear model predicted leukopenia more precisely and with less bias than a linear model, and unbound drug explained more variability of leukopenia than total drug concentration in both linear and nonlinear models. The best model was a nonlinear model with three variables of unbound concentration, pretreatment leukocyte count and prior treatment (r=0.76, MPE±SEM= 0.07±0.17×103/μl, RMSE=0.95×103 μl), which was better than the best linear model. Conclusions: The nonlinear model using unbound etoposide concentration explained the interpatient variability of leukocyte nadir count to a fairly large extent. Although the model provided useful information on the pharmacodynamics of etoposide, it was still imprecise and a more refined model is necessary for application to an adaptive control study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050538
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is there a circadian variation in plasma concentrations of etoposide given by prolonged continuous infusion? (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 37 (1996), S. 616-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Etoposide ; Circadian variation ; Low-dose infusion ; Lung cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The prolonged continuous infusion of low-dose etoposide is a new approach to treating cancer. Whether or not a circadian variation in the plasma levels of etoposide existed was investigated in nine patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Etoposide was infused for 14 days and blood samples were obtained every 4 h for 1 day. There was no significant circadian variation, and the observed small within-day variations seemed to lack clinical significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050438
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preclinical approach for identifying drug interactions (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 42 (1998), S. S50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Cytochrome P450 ; Docetaxel ; JM216 ; Inhibition ; Induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Pharmacokinetic drug interactions may be divided into two categories: induction and inhibition of enzymes involved in the metabolism of a drug. The induction and inhibition of such enzymes result in decreases or increases in the blood concentrations of the drug, causing drug effects to be altered. Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) is an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs, including some anticancer agents. If a drug with a high affinity to bind to a specific form of P450 is given to a patient in combination with other drugs mainly metabolized by this enzyme, the former may potentiate the pharmacological actions of the latter by preventing their metabolism and thus increasing their serum concentration. Alternatively, if a drug inhibits or inactivates essentially all forms of P450 nonspecifically, it may be possible that the pharmacological effects of other drugs used in combination with it will be enhanced. CYP3A4 is one of the major forms of P450 in human liver microsomes. In previous studies using human liver microsomes, docetaxel was determined to be metabolized mainly by this isozyme. Thus it was assumed that inducers and inhibitors of CYP3A4 might affect the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. In our studies, administration of dexamethasone, a known inducer of CYP3A, to mice resulted in decreases in serum docetaxel concentrations. In contrast, ketoconazole, an inhibitor of CYP3A, is assumed to increase the serum and hepatic concentrations of docetaxel. As an example of a drug which might inhibit the metabolism of other drugs, we found that bis-aceto-ammine-dichloro-cyclohexylamine platinum(IV) (JM216), which is currently being developed as a potential anticancer agent, inhibits essentially all major forms of P450 present in human liver microsomes. Since its inhibition potency is relatively high, careful assessment of the effects of this drug on the metabolism of other drugs appears to be necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800051079
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