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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of advanced nursing 29 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2648
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Self-transformation as a factor in the self-esteem and well-being of breast cancer survivors Diagnosis with a life-threatening illness can lead to many changes in one’s self. These changes, called self-transformation, are not well understood. The present study used triangulation of methods and measures to (i) describe individual differences in self-transformation among breast cancer survivors, (ii) examine factors associated with self-transformation in breast cancer survivors, and (iii) examine the relationships between self-transformation and self-esteem and well-being in breast cancer survivors and age-matched comparison women without cancer. Cancer survivors (n = 60) participated in structured interviews and both survivors and comparison women (n = 60) completed a set of questionnaires. Narrative analysis revealed three categories of transformation among breast cancer survivors: positive transformation, minimal transformation and feeling stuck. These groups differed by age, marital status and income, but not by disease or treatment variables. Breast cancer survivors in the positive transformation group had significantly higher self-esteem and well-being in comparison with (i) survivors grouped as feeling stuck and (ii) age-matched counterparts without cancer. Cancer survivors who reported feeling stuck had significantly lower self-esteem and well-being than the other groups of survivors and lower well-being in comparison with healthy women of the same age. Findings provide support for the concept of self-transformation and a new understanding of disease, demographic and treatment factors associated with the concept. Findings also suggest that self-transformation may be a factor in the self-esteem and well-being of breast cancer survivors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 11 (1988), S. 59-69 
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: cancer ; pretreatment nausea ; anticipatory nausea ; vomiting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract It is important to distinguish patients whose reports of pretreatment nausea and vomiting reflect classically conditioned anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) from those whose reports reflect the influence of other pharmacological and psychological factors. Therefore, Andrykowski (J. Behav. Med.9: 33–41, 1986) has suggested that only patients who report pretreatment nausea on Day 1 of a chemotherapy cycle be considered to have developed ANV. As part of a prospective, longitudinal investigation of side effects associated with cancer chemotherapy, three groups of patients were identified: those who (a) never reported pretreatment nausea (noPTN), (b) reported pretreatment nausea but never prior to a Day 1 infusion (PTN), and (c) reported pretreatment nausea prior to a Day 1 infusion (PTND1). Discriminant analysis revealed that the PTN and noPTN groups did not differ, while both differed from the PTND1 group, particularly with respect to factors presumed to facilitate classical conditioning. The results justify excluding PTN patients from the criterion group of patients considered to have developed ANV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 21 (1998), S. 1-18 
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: CANCER ; FATIGUE ; WEAKNESS ; PSYCHOSOCIAL ; QUALITY OF LIFE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom following cancer treatment. Research examining “off-treatment” fatigue has been weakened by limited assessments of fatigue and lack of suitable comparison groups. The extent of off-treatment fatigue following treatment for breast cancer (BC) was examined. Women with BC (n = 88; mean, 28 months posttreatment) and age-matched women (n = 88) with benign breast problems (BBP), completed a set of fatigue questionnaires at an Initial assessment and a 4-month Follow-up assessment. The BC group reported more fatigue, more weakness, and less vitality relative to the BBP group at both assessments. No relationship was found in the BC group between fatigue and extent of treatment or time since treatment completion. While the results document the existence of off-treatment fatigue following BC, elucidation of the psychobiological processes underlying this symptom and development of clinical management strategies remain as challenges for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 9 (1986), S. 33-41 
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; anticipatory nausea ; cancer ; methodology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Biobehavioral research investigating anticipatory nausea in cancer chemotherapy has been hampered by the lack of a consistent and conceptually defensible definition of this phenomenon. The most frequently employed definitions have failed to account for the possibility that reports of pretreatment nausea might be attributable to pharmacological factors. One possibility is to restrict the definition of anticipatory nausea to instances of nausea or vomiting experienced prior to a treatment on Day 1 of a new chemotherapy cycle. The impact of this and previous common definitions of anticipatory nausea on research addressing the issues of prevalence rates and characteristics associated with the development of anticipatory nausea is illustrated and discussed. Overall, researchers are encouraged to reduce inappropriate criterion group heterogeneity through careful consideration of how the presence or absence of anticipatory nausea is defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of traumatic stress 13 (2000), S. 301-319 
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Keywords: PTSD ; breast cancer ; symptom structure ; confirmatory factor analysis ; PCL-C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Identification of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and diagnoses in survivors of cancer is a growing area of research, but no published data exist regarding the symptom structure of PTSD in survivors of malignant disease. Findings from investigations of the PTSD symptom structure in other trauma populations have been inconsistent and have not been concordant with the reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and arousal symptom clusters specified in DSM-IV. The present study employed confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the extent to which the implied second-order factor structure of PTSD was replicated in a sample of 142 breast cancer survivors. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version (PCL-C). Fit indices reflected a moderate fit of the symptom structure implied by the DSM-IV. These findings provide some tentative support for the DSM-IV clustering of PTSD symptoms and for the validity of cancer-related PTSD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of traumatic stress 11 (1998), S. 189-203 
    ISSN: 1573-6598
    Keywords: cancer ; PTSD ; prediction ; adjustment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The utility of Andersen's (1993, 1994) model of psychologic morbidity following cancer treatment for predicting PTSD symptoms in breast cancer survivors (N = 82) was examined. PTSD symptoms, physical comorbidity, social support, depression history, and pre-cancer traumatic stressors were assessed in a structured telephone interview. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Andersen model variables (physical comorbidity, education, disease stage, cancer treatment, depression history, social support) accounted for 39% of variance in PTSD symptom reports ( p 〈 .001). Addition to the model of time since treatment completion, pre-cancer traumatic stressors, age at diagnosis, and tamoxifen usage accounted for an additional 16% of variance (p 〈 .001). Higher levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with less social support, greater pre-cancer trauma history, less time since treatment completion, and more advanced disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 17 (1994), S. 439-458 
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: locus of control ; cancer ; distress ; adjustment ; chronic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Delineation of the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and psychological adjustment in chronic disease has been hampered by the failure to consider the moderating effect of contextual factors. The extent to which HLOC beliefs match the control realities in a situation (Reality Matching hypothesis) as well as the degree of threat (Threat hypothesis) posed by the situation were hypothesized to moderate the HLOC-distress relationship. Distress, diesease severity (i. e., threat), and HLOC were assessed in 69 individuals with malignant disease undergoing evaluation for bone marrow transplantation. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the HLOC-distress relationship was moderated by disease severity and treatment history (i. e., whether an individual had failed prior cancer therapy). However, in some instances, the specific interaction relationships obtained differed from those evident in previous research with ESRD patients. It was concluded that there is no simple main effect relationship between HLOC beliefs and psychological adjustment. Rather. this relationship is best described by joint consideration of factors descriptive of the context in which the individual is embedded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: adjustment ; quality of life ; cancer ; assessment ; transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Life-threatening disease can trigger positive effects such as greater appreciation for life and enhanced interpersonal relationships. Little research has examined these salutary effects or their association with quality of life (QOL). Adult bone marrow transplantation (BMT) survivors (n=90) were interviewed regarding psychosocial sequelae of BMT and completed indices of QOL and psychological adjustment. Thematic analysis was used to code interview responses into discrete categories of negative and positive sequelae. Multiple regression analyses indicated POSTOTAL scores were inversely associated with time post-BMT and positively associated with negative prognostic factors at BMT. Scores on indices of QOL and psychological adjustment were significantly correlated with reports of negative post-BMT sequelae but unrelated to positive sequelae. It was concluded that life-threatening disease can trigger positive sequelae that can contribute to QOL. However, standard QOL indices may not measure this positive QOL dimension, thus yielding a potentially incomplete picture of current QOL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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