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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ECRIS for highly charged ions−Present status and new developments (invited)(abstract) : Proceecings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2794-2794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There are now approximately 40 electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS) for highly charged positive ions, either operating or under construction, worldwide. In recent years, the number of operating sources has been doubling about every three years. The present working level for high performance is now a compact, CW 14-GHz source with high magnetic confinement, simplified microwave injection, and a somewhat suppressed first stage. It has become clear that electron injection into the main stage plasma, from electron guns, biased cathodes, or high secondary electron emission surfaces close to the plasma, raises ion extracted currents, and several efforts are under way to understand this phenomena. Much effort has also been devoted to the production of ions from nongaseous materials, with positive ion beams from approximately half the periodic table now having been produced in ECRIS. The afterglow mode may permit intense short pulse beams of highly charged ions for injection into synchrotrons. Present development efforts are centered on understanding the performance scaling with microwave frequency and magnetic confinement, as well as continued development of intense highly charged ions in existing sources and the development of new metallic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142809
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The superconducting electron cyclotron resonance 6.4 GHz high-B mode and frequency scaling in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (abstract)a) : Proceedings of fifth international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1060-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We would like to present the initial results and description of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SCECR) operating in the high-B mode—a new high magnetic field, low-frequency mode of operation. First, we describe the operating characteristics of this mode, which include very high mirror confinement in all directions, yet having a minimum field low enough for electron cyclotron resonance heating of 6.4 GHz. The source performance for oxygen, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon is presented and comparisons are made with several existing high-performance ECR sources. In this high-B mode the SCECR matches or exceeds the performance of all existing ECR sources. These results perhaps invalidate the classical frequency squared source performance scaling law, and suggest the new possibility of high-performance, low-frequency (and hence low cost) sources as will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145061
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial results of the 2.45 GHz excitation of the superconducting ECR ion source in its high-B mode (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 927-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The "frequency squared scaling'' law, relied upon to enhance the production of high charge state ions from electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, indicates that low frequencies of operation may not be viable for production of high ion densities, and hence for the production of high charge state ions. The superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SCECR) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory is a fully superconducting, hexapole stabilized tandem mirror ECR ion source with a multimode microwave cavity. When operated at its optimized high magnetic field (high-B) mode at 6.4 GHz, the high charge state current output of the SCECR approaches all existing ECR ion sources, including higher frequency ECR ion sources (ECRIS). In this study, the SCECR is operated at 2.45 GHz in its high-B mode that is scaled down for that frequency of operation. Initial results with oxygen and argon ion production at 2.45 GHz are presented. It is demonstrated that the SCECR can produce a plasma from which multiply charged ions of up to O7+ and Ar13+ can be extracted with ion current intensities comparable to several higher frequency ECRIS. This study concludes that 2.45 GHz is indeed a viable frequency for production of moderate intensities of multiply charged ions. This may lead to a simpler, and more cost effective microwave apparatus, with a less demanding magnetic field configuration. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147235
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume scaling and magnetic field scaling on SC-ECRIS at MSU-NSCL (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of the high B mode concept has allowed an effective upgrading of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source SC-ECRIS, which is now one of the best operating ECR ion sources in the world in terms of highly charged ion production. To increase the high charge state intensities and the total extracted current we tried to enlarge the plasma volume, but no clear evidence of volume effects was substantially achieved. We also tried to increase the magnetic field of the trap. The theory which led to these experiments is outlined in the following along with the results of tests using larger plasma volumes and tests with larger magnetic field. Even if the theoretical basis is not always well established, the beneficial effect of magnetic field enhancement on ECR source performances is confirmed. The capability of superconducting ECR ion sources to get higher results with respect to room temperature source by means of a higher and variable hexapolar field is underlined. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146563
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The study of a 2.45 GHz plasma source as a plasma generator for the SCECR electron cyclotron resonance ion source : Proceedings of 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1135-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The 2.45 GHz plasma source is a multicusp electron cyclotron resonance source with a tuned single mode microwave cavity. This is a bright plasma source with a well characterized operating mode and plasma parameters [A. K. Srivastava, et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 2556 (1992); A. K. Srivastava and J. Asmussen, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 11, 1307 (1993)]. The superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (SCECR) is a fully superconducting, hexapole stabilized tandem mirror ion source with a multimode microwave cavity. It is a high charge state ion source with extensive beam diagnostics [T. A. Antaya, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 40/41, 1024 (1989)]. The coupling of these two sources permits a number of fundamental studies important to both classes of ion sources. The 2.4 GHz plasma source will be used to study the effects of ion or electron (or both) density enhancement on the charge state distribution, total extracted current, and ion energy distributions of the SCECR. The SCECR in turn will be used as a test stand to measure directly the ion distribution and beam characteristics of the 2.45 GHz plasma source. The first results with this hybrid ion source will be presented at this conference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial results of the 2.45 GHz excitation of the superconducting ECR ion source in its high-B modea) (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1618-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The "frequency squared scaling'' law, relied upon to enhance the production of high charge state ions from electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, indicates that low frequencies of operation may not be viable for production of high ion densities, and hence for the production of high charge state ions. The superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SCECR) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory is a fully superconducting, hexapole stabilized tandem mirror ECR ion source with a multimode microwave cavity. When operated at its optimized high magnetic field (high-B) mode at 6.4 GHz, the high charge state current output of the SCECR approaches all existing ECR ion sources, including higher frequency ECR ion sources (ECRIS). In this study, the SCECR is operated at 2.45 GHz in its high-B mode that is scaled down for that frequency of operation. Initial results with oxygen and argon ion production at 2.45 GHz are presented. It is demonstrated that the SCECR can produce a plasma from which multiply charged ions of up to O7+ and Ar13+ can be extracted with ion current intensities comparable to several higher frequency ECRIS. This study concludes that 2.45 GHz is indeed a viable frequency for production of moderate intensities of multiply charged ions. This may lead to a simpler, and more cost effective microwave apparatus, with a less demanding magnetic field configuration. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146904
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial emittance measurements of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance at NSCL : Proceedings of fifth international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1138-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report on preliminary emittance measurements of oxygen and argon ions extracted from the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance (SCECR). For oxygen, charge states 1+ through 8+ have been measured for 100% intensity with the SCECR tuned to maximize highly charged ions, at a 10 kV extraction voltage. For argon, charge states 6+ through 14+ have been measured under the same conditions. For both species, both normalized and unnormalized emittances show the same trend—increasing with charge Q for low charge, and falling sharply for highly charged ions. The increase in emittance with Q for low Q implies an expected magnetic field dependence. The decreasing emittance for high Q is unexpected, and possible explanations for this effect will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145039
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The superconducting electron cyclotron resonance 6.4 GHz high-B mode and frequency scaling in electron cyclotron resonance ion sourcesa) (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1723-1727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We would like to present the initial results and description of the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SCECR) operating in the high-B mode—a new high magnetic field, low-frequency mode of operation. First, we describe the operating characteristics of this mode, which include very high mirror confinement in all directions, yet having a minimum field low enough for electron cyclotron resonance heating of 6.4 GHz. The source performance for oxygen, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon is presented and comparisons are made with several existing high-performance ECR sources. In this high-B mode the SCECR matches or exceeds the performance of all existing ECR sources. These results perhaps invalidate the classical frequency squared source performance scaling law, and suggest the new possibility of high-performance, low-frequency (and hence low cost) sources as will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144866
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of space charge on beams extracted from the room temperature electron cyclotron resonance ion source (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 793-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have obtained excellent agreement between BEAM-3D calculations and beam profile and emittance measurements of the total extracted beam from the room temperature electron cyclotron resonance (RTECR), when a low degree of beam neutralization is assumed in the calculations, as will be presented in this paper. The beam envelope has approximately a quadratic dependence on drift distance, and space-charge effects dominate the early beam formation and beamline optics matching process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141496
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of space charge on beams extracted from the room temperature electron cyclotron resonance ion source (abstract) : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 341-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have obtained excellent agreement between BEAM-3D calculations and beam profile and emittance measurements of the total extracted beam from the room temperature electron cyclotron resonance (RTECR), when a low degree of beam neutralization is assumed in the calculations, as will be presented in this paper. The beam envelope has approximately a quadratic dependence on drift distance, and space-charge effects dominate the early beam formation and beamline optics matching process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141289
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