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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blocking of Mycobacterium leprae Adherence to Dissociated Schwann Cells by Anti-Mycobacterial Antibodies (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The association of Mycobacterium leprae with Schwann cells may represent an early crucial step in M. leprae pathogenesis. Using a dissociated Schwann-cell system and anti-mycobacterial monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against surface and cytoplasmic components, we investigated the nature of M. leprae epitopes that mediate cytadhesion. Antibodies to polysaccharide and lipid components of M. leprae cell wall inhibited cytadhesion, whereas those directed against both surface and cytoplasmic protein epitopes did not show any such effect. No synergistic or antagonistic activity in inhibiting cytadhesion was observed when antibodies were used in combination. Thus, the association of M. leprae with Schwann cells may be mediated collectively by more than one of its lipid/polysaccharide epitopes. Also, a role for humoral immunity in intervention in the initial steps of M. leprae pathogenesis needs to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb02457.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of Mycobacterium leprae-Reactive Lymphocytes in Lymph Nodes of Lepromatous Leprosy Patients (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A critical problem in leprosy is the relative deficiency of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immunity. We were successful in detecting a significant response to viable M. leprae in mononuclear cells isolated from the lymph nodes of lepromatous leprosy patients in contrast to the apparent M. leparae-specific energy seen in the peripheral blood. This observation suggests that antigen-reactive lymphocytes are generated in the lymph nodes of lepromatous patients but the inability to detect them in the circulation may be due either to a different processing and presentation of mycobacterial antigens within the peripheral blood and lymph node compartments or to a selective sequestration of lymphocytes within the lymph node.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02433.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycobacterium leprae-Induced Alterations in Macrophage Fc Receptor Expression and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Interaction in Familial Contacts of Leprosy Patients (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 22 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophage Fc receptor expression and monocyte-lymphocyte interaction in the presence of Mycobacterium leprae were examined in familial contacts of leprosy patients. Defective Mφ functions similar to those of borderline and lepromatous patients could he observed in approximately 71% of consanguineous contacts and 43% of of spouses of index patients. Although the values in the latter group were markedly lower than those of the consanguineous contacts, they tended to be higher than those of normal individuals (20%). These in vitro Mφ functions were independent of age, sex, and age at onset of exposure and were only weakly associated with duration of exposure. The outcome of the monocyte-lymphocyte interaction lest paralleled to a large extent the in vivo Mitsuda lepromin response. Four contacts with defective Mφ functions also showed signs of leprosy. The value of these in vitro tests as markers of ‘susceptibility’ could therefore prove significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01899.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eliminate poverty first... (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 335 (1988), S. 584-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-While the decision that under the Indo-US Vaccine Action Programme (VAP) (Nature 332, 198; 1988) US scientists should produce recombinant vaccines for the "most important diseases of India" may be a gesture of goodwill, there is considerable misgiving in the Indian scientific and medical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335584a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Science in India (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 310 (1984), S. 722-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The trouble with science in India is that it lacks a base. It is not possible to develop science when the whole educational system from the primary school to the university is concerned merely with learning by rote to secure marks in order to pass an examination and secure a job. Science in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/310722b0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of radioactive DOPA by M. leprae (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 854-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It seemed possible that DOPA might be a metabolite of the living bacilli and that radioactive atoms within the molecule would become incorporated into macromolecules within the living organism. We have shown this to be the case by high resolution autoradiography. Bacterial suspensions were prepared ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/249854a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro interaction ofM. leprae-infected Schwann cells and splenic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: M. leprae ; Schwann cells ; Splenic cells ; Interaction ; EM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction betweenM. leprae-infected cultured Schwann cells and sensitized splenic cells was noted both under light and electron microscopy. No evidence of cytomorphological changes in infected Schwann cells was obtained. However, sensitized splenic cells were noted to undergo degenerative changes suggestive of the phenomenon of apoptosis. Subsequently a large number of these degenerated cells were observed within the Schwann cell. Such a process has not been hitherto reported in the histopathology of leprous nerves. Nevertheless, these findings indicate an aberrant metabolic function inM. leprae-infected Schwann cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686978
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological localization of mycobacterial antigens within the peripheral nerves of treated leprosy patients and their significance to nerve damage in leprosy (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 300-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Nerve damage ; Mycobacterium leprae ; antigen ; Immunohistology ; Multidrug treatment ; Leprosy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence and distribution of Mycobacterium leprae-specific and cross-reacting antigens within the peripheral nerves of multidrug-treated patients with leprosy was investigated to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of nerve damage and the effect of multidrug therapy (MDT) on it. There was no specific qualitative difference in the type of antigens in the leprosy spectrum. However, our results indicate that there may be differential handling of antigens by the macrophages as compared to Schwann cells. This could play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Multidrug treatment is effective in arresting the progression of the disease process as well as in reducing the viable bacterial load, both in borderline lepromatous and lepromatous (MB) and borderline tuberculoid and tuberculoid (PB) cases. However, the presence of M. leprae antigens in all the multidrug-treated MB nerve lesions and 87   % of PB nerve lesions suggest that the antigens persist for a prolonged period. Hence, the risk of immunological reaction and antigen-associated silent nerve damage may continue even after majority of M. leprae were killed. The findings give further support to the view that most of the nerve damage is due to bacterial antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310373
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration ofMycobacterium leprae antigen in nerves of tuberculoid leprosy (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 387-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leprosy ; Nerves ; Antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty nerve biopsies of tuberculoid leprosy patients who showed no acid-fast bacilli in their skin smears or in tissue biopsies, were stained for mycobacterial antigens using anti-bacille Calmette-Gúerin (BCG) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Adjacent parts of some of these nerves were examined for the presence of osmiophilic bacilli under the transmission electron microscope. Eight of the 20 nerves were both clinically and histologically uninvolved. All the 20 involved nerves showed presence of antigen located, mainly intracellularly, in the cytoplasm of epithelioid cells and to a lesser degree in Schwann, endothelial and plasma cells. A few nerves with caseated nerve abscesses showed clusters of antigen deposits in both the caseous mass as well as the wall of the abscess. In six of the nine nerves processed for electron microscopy, electron-dense bacilli were noted within the cytoplasm of Schwann cells but not within the infiltrating cells. The uninvolved nerves showed neither antigen deposits nor osmiophilic bacilli despite fine ultrastructural changes. Our observations indicate that (a) the specificity of the immune response in paucibacillary nerve lesions is probably against bacterial components. (b) There is a differing antigen handling by Schwann cell and the inflammatory epithelioid cell. (c) Plasma cells may play a role in presenting antigen. (d)Mycobacterium leprae may be acting as an adjuvant in causing damage to uninvolved nerves at distal sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688265
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological localization of mycobacterial antigens within the peripheral nerves of treated leprosy patients and their significance to nerve damage in leprosy (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 300-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nerve damage ; Mycobacterium leprae antigen ; Immunohistology ; Multidrug treatment Leprosy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence and distribution of Mycobacterium leprae-specific and cross-reacting antigens within the peripheral nerves of multidrug-treated patients with leprosy was investigated to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of nerve damage and the effect of multidrug therapy (MDT) on it. There was no specific qualitative difference in the type of antigens in the leprosy spectrum. However, our results indicate that there may be differential handling of antigens by the macrophages as compared to Schwann cells. This could play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Multidrug treatment is effective in arresting the progression of the disease process as well as in reducing the viable bacterial load, both in borderline lepromatous and lepromatous (MB) and borderline tuberculoid and tuberculoid (PB) cases. However, the presence of M. leprae antigens in all the multidrug-treated MB nerve lesions and 87% of PB nerve lesions suggest that the antigens persist for a prolonged period. Hence, the risk of immunological reaction and antigen-associated silent nerve damage may continue even after majority of M. leprae were killed. The findings give further support to the view that most of the nerve damage is due to bacterial antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310373
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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