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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Present and future of quantitative trait locus analysis in plant breeding (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The joint analysis of genotype marker segregation and phenotypic values of individuals or lines enables the detection and location of loci affecting quantitative traits (QTL). The availability of DNA markers and powerful biometric methods has led to considerable progress in QTL mapping in plants.The most obvious applications of QTL analysis seem to be marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding and pre-breeding and QTL cloning. However, other areas are envisaged where QTL analysis can contribute decisively. These are: the understanding of complex traits such as plant-pathogen interaction; plant genomics, connecting proteins and regulatory elements of known functions to QTL by candidate gene analysis; and germplasm enhancement through a characterization that allows its efficient utilization. The success in all these applications depends primarily on the reliability and accuracy of the QTL analysis itself. Therefore, the discussion of its limitations will constitute an important part of this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.730285.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applicability of molecular markers in the context of protection of new varieties of cucumber (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The growing number of candidate varieties presented every year at each national Plant Variety Protection Office and their decreasing genetic variability forces strategies to be adopted that will reduce costs without losing rigour when deciding about the acceptance or rejection of a candidate variety. Molecular markers have been envisaged as a reliable tool to establish differences, but can molecular markers be used for assessing distinctness? A comparison between a molecular and a morphological characterization of 41 seed samples belonging to 36 cucumber varieties and including several external controls has been carried out to investigate the applicability of molecular markers in the context of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) tests and the protection of new varieties. Both types of character indicate the same relationships among main groups, Dutch and Beth-Alpha types, and Gerking and Slice types, the correlation between distance matrices being only 0.6489. Varieties considered uniform for morphological traits proved not to be so for molecular markers. Therefore, molecular characterization is not offering the same estimates of uniformity and relatedness between varieties as does morphological characterization. External controls were used to establish distinction limits with morphological and molecular dendrograms to focus on those varieties, which were suspiciously similar. The results with cucumber show that molecular identity could be used to assess any lack of distinctness and so corroborate the morphological assessment of candidate varieties. The morphological trait ‘type’ provides distinct characterization of varieties and the molecular characterization of candidate varieties could be used to design better field experiments to assess distinction within each group of morphological cucumber type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00838.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity in apricot, Prunus armeniaca, aimed at improving resistance to plum pox virus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Plum Pox Virus, a non-persistent virus transmitted by aphids, causes serious damage to stone fruits. The apricot tree is very sensitive and in order to breed apricot cultivars resistant to Plum Pox Virus and establish breeding strategies, genetic diversity based on 10 enzymatic systems, six of which were polymorphic, has been studied. The plant material studied, 94 accessions, included the most important apricot cultivars grown in PPV-affected areas. Genetic diversity is high and showed important differences between the three geographical groups studied (North African, European and North American). The North American group was very diverse and allozymes can be used to identify three subgroups. Some North American PPV-resistant cultivars were very distant from the rest of the cultivars, mainly due to the presence of rare alleles found in an Asian apricot related species. These results support the hypothesis that Asian-related species might be the origin of PPV resistance within the North American cultivars. Three North American cultivars have been considered as putative donors of PPV resistance to the European cultivars because of their agronomic behaviour, chilling requirements and distance from European cultivars. However, to increase the genetic variability of the European group and thereby to favour recombination, the study of Asian apricot resources is also recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00888.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QTL analysis of yield and seed number in Citrus (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Fruit breeding ; GxE interaction ; Yield components ; Seedless fruits ; Parthenocarpy ; Molecular markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Amount, regularity and low seed content of the crop are important properties of scion citrus cultivars. The genetic control of these traits was studied in a progeny derived from the cross Citrus volkameriana×Poncirus trifoliata using molecular marker analysis. Since the traits were not normally distributed, the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detection. Most of the QTLs detected correspond to the trait ”number of fruits per tree”, in agreement with its known physiological complexity. Related traits (fruit number, fruit size and seed number) are controlled by QTLs some of which are located in the same genomic regions, suggesting that undesired associations could be broken to some degree by recombination. QTL analysis over years revealed important effects of genotype-by-environment interaction on QTL detection. This result agrees with the differences found for the trait means among years, which was found to be related, among other causes, to the alternate bearing of some genotypes and the amount of rain before harvest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051507
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inheritance of tetraploid wheat seed peroxidases (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum turgidum ; Tetraploid wheat ; Peroxidases ; Inheritance ; Linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Embryo and endosperm peroxidases from dry mature seeds of three subspecies of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) were subjected to genetic analysis. The inheritance of eight isozymes (embryo isozymes a2, d1, d2, e and f; and endosperm isozymes b, d and 4) were studied in F2's obtained from different wheat accessions. Simple monogenic inheritance producing three banded: one null segregation and two epistatic segregations (9∶7 and 15∶1) were found. In the case of isozymes b, d and 4, monogenic or epistatic segregation depended on the F2 analyzed. Segregation data indicated that at least 9 different loci would determine the peroxidase isozymes of tetraploid wheat seed, all the loci studied containing ‘null’ alleles. Furthermore, several loci determining embryo peroxidases were noticed to be mutually linked. All these data are discussed in context of the inheritance of seed peroxidases in hexaploid wheat and rye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278255
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on variability and phylogeny of Triticum species (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Isozymes ; Allopolyploids ; Interpopulational variability ; Intrapopulational variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intraspecific variability of A, S and D genome diploid species and AAGG and AABB allotetraploid species of the genus Triticum was examined in a comparative study using isoenzymatic characters (peroxidases of embryo plus scutellum, and endosperm; and alkaline phosphatases) of dry mature seeds. The methodology followed was based on the definition of variables from characters and three functions related with total intraspecific, intrapopulational and interpopulational variabilities. The diploid species with the greatest intraspecific variability were speltoides and longissimum, and among the allotetraploid species, timopheevii. Concerning all variables, interpopulational variability was found to be greater than intrapopulational in urartu, monococcum, timopheevii, dicoccoides and sharonensis. Intraspecific variability differences found among species are discussed with reference to Nevo (1978) and a hypothesis concerning intraspecific variability differences between allotetraploids is suggested. The final objective of the present paper is to provide information on intraspecific variability differences among species for future use in discussing the interspecific relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289540
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of genetic variability in a durum wheat world collection (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Germplasm collection ; Crop evolution ; Triticum turgidum L. ; Isozymes ; Variability distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A durum wheat world collection of 349 entries has been used to study the amount and distribution of genetic variability based on isoenzymatic characters involving a minimum of 13 loci. Genetic variability has been studied in a hierarchical fashion: between origins and within origins, further divided into between entries per origin and within entries. Factorial analysis of correspondences and chi-square distance were the basic statistical tools. The effect of domestication is deduced by comparing isozymic frequencies between wild emmer and durum wheat. It involves changes in frequencies mainly towards the accumulation of “null” alleles. The richest origins of genetic variation for durum wheat were Iran, Mexico, Ethiopia, Egypt and Afghanistan. Generally, between-entry variability was larger than the withinentry component. Exceptions were the accessions from Mexico, Greece, Argentina and Cyprus. The relationships between origins were greatly affected by their within-variability, the logic in the grouping is mostly along geographical or political lines. Egypt might be considered a microcenter of diversity for durum wheat within the Mediterranean center, although it is certainly related to Ethiopia (included in the Abisinic center). Mexico has become a new microcenter of diversity, quite likely man-made, and is distant from other centers of durum wheat diversity as far as gene frequency is concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266199
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt tolerance in Lycopersicon species. I. Character definition and changes in gene expression (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 737-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Lycopersicon ; Yield ; Proteins ; C4 species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salt tolerance defined in terms of fruit yield under different NaCl concentrations (171.1 and 325.1 mM) is analyzed in 11 lines belonging to: Lycopersicon esculentum, L. cheesmanii, L. chmielewski, L. peruvianum and L. pimpinellifolium. Four L. pimpinellifolium lines and two L. cheesmanii lines tolerated the 171.1mM treatment; the latter species even tolerates 325.1 mM of NaCl. Changes in gene expression induced by salt treatment were also investigated by studying anther and leaf zymograms for L. esculentum and one salt-tolerant L. pimpinellifolium line, and leaf proteinograms for all lines. Changes in leaf PRX and MDH enzymatic systems were detected, mainly in the salt-sensitive genotype (L. esculentum). Four saltrelated peptides from 14 500 to 40 000 daltons were found. A polyclonal antibody raised against one of these peptides (number 2), also binds another peptide, named 2′, of much higher molecular weight, present both in control and salt-tolerant L. cheesmanii lines at the end of 171.1 mM treatment. The xero-halophyte shrub Atriplex halimus also showed a likely 2′-homologous peptide with this treatment, while its counterpart C3 species A. triangularis did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222664
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on variability and phylogeny of Triticum species (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Isozymes ; Phylogeny ; Allopolyploids ; Genetic distances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interspecific relationship studies between A, S and D genome diploid species, and between AAGG and AABB allotetraploid species of the genus Triticum were conducted using isoenzymatic characters located in dry mature seeds. Data was analyzed by the factorial analysis of correspondences, and dendograms were obtained by two different genetic distances. The discussion of results was based on the limitations of the study, intraspecific variability differences, isoperoxidase frequency differences and chromosomal location of peroxidases in T. aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’. The closest relationship was found between ‘dicoccoides’ and ‘carthlicum’. Relationships found between T. turgidum L. and T. timopheevvi Zhuk., both allotetraploid species and ‘boeoticum’; this species and speltoides; tauschi and searsii, and the last two species with ‘bicorne’, are discussed at the phylogenetic level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289541
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of linkage between restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and quantitative traits (1988)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 623-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quantitative traits ; Polymorphisms ; Restriction fragments ; Genetic markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Methodologies commonly used to detect linkage of marker loci to loci affecting quantitative traits are discussed. It is shown that variances for the quantitative trait differ among marker genotypes when using F2 or pooled backcross data if linkage exists. Hence, to analyze this type of data by single factor ANOVA or other statistical techniques that assume a common variance is inadequate. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers are a powerful tool in plant breeding but cost is an important drawback; hence, a methodology is suggested to obtain the minimum number of plants in F2 populations to detect such linkage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260918
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