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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ON THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF INDIVIDUAL GANGLIOSIDES FROM THE BRAIN OF ELASMOBRANCHES (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 32 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gangliosides with a short carbohydrate chain: II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer, II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse3Cer, II3(NeuAc)3-LacCer, II3NeuAc-LacCer, and II3NeuAC-GgOse3 Cer, were found to be predominant in the brain of 8 species of cartilaginous fish, elasmobranches. N-acetylneuraminic acid was the only sialic acid found in these gangliosides, the N-glycolyl derivative being practically absent. 4-Sphingenine was shown to be the predominant sphingoid in elasmobranch brain gangliosides.The sequential enzymatic hydrolysis of II3(NeuAc)2 -LacCer from shark and ray brain by acylneur-aminyl hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.18) and β-D-galactoside-galactohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.23), as well as permethylation studies, provide further evidence for the following structure of this major elasmobranch brain ganglioside:
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb02295.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GANGLIOSIDE COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF RAT-BRAIN SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 20 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The composition and content of gangliosides from rat-brain microsomal, synaptosomal, mitochondrial and myelin fractions were studied. Outer membranes of synaptosomes were also isolated, separated into subfractions and investigated. Of all the fractions studied the outer membranes of synaptosomes are richest in gangliosides, in one of their sub-fractions the concentration of gangliosides per mg of protein is five times higher than in the homogenate. Microsomes are rich in gangliosides as well, but to a lesser degree, whereas the mitochondrial fraction contains considerably smaller amounts of gangliosides per mg of protein than does the homogenate. The ganglioside pattern of outer membranes of synaptosomes and of their subfractions is somewhat different from that of the homogenate; the outer membranes contain approximately one-third less monosialogangliosides. On the contrary a very high content of monosialogangliosides is characteristic of the ganglioside pattern of the myelin fraction. In this fraction monosialoganglioside GMI (nomenclature of Svennerholm, 1963) constitutes 60–63 per cent of ganglioside sialic acid, or 75–80 molar per cent of gangliosides, the content of di- and trisialogangliosides being much lower than in other fractions. Fatty acid and long chain base composition of gangliosides from synaptosomal and microsomal fractions and homogenate is very similar, almost identical. In gangliosides from myelin fractions the relaitve content of palmitic and monoenoic acids is higher and that of arachinic acid and C20-sphingosine—lower than in other fractions studied. The difference in ganglioside composition of synaptosomes and their outer membranes and on the other hand of myelin appears to reflect the difference in ganglioside composition of neuronal and oligodendroglial plasma membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb00070.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BRAIN GANGLIOSIDE PATTERNS OF VERTEBRATES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The ganglioside content in brains of representatives of six vertebrate classes (lamprey, ray, sheat-fish, carp, frog, triton, tortoise, hen, pigeon, rabbit, rat and monkey) was determined. In most cases a correlation was found between the level of nervous organization and the ganglioside content of brain. In fish and amphibian brain ganglioside concentration is half to one third that in mammalian brain.Ganglioside composition of higher vertebrate brains (mammals, birds and reptiles) has many similar features. Four main gangliosides with 1-3 NANA residues in their molecules–G1*, G2, G3 and G4–constitute 80-90 per cent of total ganglioside NANA. Fractions G2a† Go and G5 are present in much lesser amounts. Species peculiarities in distribution of NANA among different fractions were noted.The brain gangliosides of lower vertebrates–fish and amphibia–are unusual in having a high proportion of polysialogangliosides, containing 4 and 5 NANA residues, and a lower content of monosialogangliosides. In ray brain a considerable part of gangliosides has a reduced carbohydrate chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb11996.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FATTY ACIDS AND LONG CHAIN BASES OF VERTEBRATE BRAIN GANGLIOSIDES (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Fatty acid and long-chain base composition of gangliosides from brains of animals belonging to various vertebrate classes (fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals) was studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Stearic acid was found to be the main fatty acid everywhere. Brain gangliosides of cold-blooded animals contain lesser amounts of stearic and higher amounts of palmitic and monoenoic acids as compared to those of mammals.Long-chain bases were separated as trimethylsilyl derivatives. Large amounts (23-48 per cent) of long chain bases with 20 carbon atoms were found in brain gangliosides of mammals while in those of cold-blooded animals they constitute 3-12 per cent of the total.The comparison of the composition of gangliosides with that of cerebrosides and sulphatides indicates, that the fatty acid and long chain base composition of gangliosides from mammalian brain differs from that of other glycosphingolipids, whereas in brains of cold-blooded animals they are much more similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb11997.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gangliosides in Postischemic Cellular Dysfunctions (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 723 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb36745.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and study of monoclonal antibodies to some gangliosides (1986)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 101 (1986), S. 83-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hybridomas ; monoclonal antibodies ; gangliosides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00836084
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglioside-dependent factor inhibiting lipid peroxidation in synaptosomal membranes (1990)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 109 (1990), S. 734-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liposomes ; synaptosomes ; gangliosides ; lipid peroxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841430
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetry of lipids and α-tocopherol distribution in the outer and inner monolayer of bilayer lipid membranes (1988)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 105 (1988), S. 790-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: α-tocopherol ; asymmetry ; phospholipid vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842128
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of antioxidants to prevent glutamate-induced derangement of calcium ion metabolism in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroscience and behavioral physiology 30 (2000), S. 535-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-899X
    Keywords: Glutamate ; calcium ions ; antioxidants ; GM1 ganglioside ; brain synaptosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glutamate is shown to induce increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i), increases in45Ca2+ influx, decreases in the activity of Na+, K+,-ATPase activity, and activation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes. NMDA receptor antagonists virtually prevented these effects. Preincubation of synaptosomes with α-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase, and ganglioside GM1 normalized [Ca2+]i,45Ca2+, influx, and Na+, K+-ATPase activity in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes exposed to glutamate. Glutamate and GM1 activated the Na+/K+ exchanger, and their effects were additive. Calcium ions entering cerebral cortex nerve cells via NMDA receptors during exposure to high glutamate concentrations appeared to be only the trigger for the processes activating free-radical reactions. Activation of these reactions led to increases in Ca2+ influx into cells, decreases in Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and significant increases in [Ca2+]i, though this could be prevented by antioxidants and gangliosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462611
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Glutamate-Induced Intensification of Free Radical Reactions by Gangliosides: Possible Role in Their Protective Effect in Rat Cerebellar Granule Cells and Brain Synaptosomes (1998)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 23 (1998), S. 945-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Glutamate ; gangliosides ; free radicals ; neuron viability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neurotoxic effect of exposure of rat cerebellar granule cells to glutamate (I00 μM) is to a large extent prevented by incubation of neurons not only with micromolar, but even with nanomolar concentrations of gangliosides GM1, GD1b, and GT1b. GM1 was also shown to decrease significantly the per cent of dead neurons in culture after induction of lipid peroxidation. Exposure to glutamate was found to cause a significant decrease of the activity of Na+, K+-ATP-ase in rat brain cortex synaptosomes, but superoxide dismutase, alpha-tocopherol, or 10–100 nM GM1 practically prevented its action. Other data showing the ability of gangliosides to inhibit the intensification of free radical reactions by glutamate (based on the estimation of methemoglobin formation, SH group content, etc.) have been obtained. The results suggest that gangliosides are able to decrease the glutamate-induced activation of free radical reactions in nerve cells. This effect appears to contribute to their protective action against glutamate neurotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021076220411
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