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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pasture soils as carbon sink (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 473-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FISHER ETAL. REPLY - The comments by Davidson et al. about the rainforests and the wooded communities of the cerrados are not relevant to our paper1, which was about the 35 million hectares (MHa) of treeless grasslands in Colombia and Venezuela and the 50 MHa (24%) of the cerrados of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/376473a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land use effects on labile N extracted with permanganate and the nitrogen management index in the Cerrado region of Brazil (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Land use ; Mineralization ; Nitrogen availability ; Oxisol ; Nitrogen management index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of land use on the availability of nitrogen (N) was studied by separating total N into a labile and a stable fraction by oxidation and extraction of labile N with KMnO4. The nitrogen management index (NMI) was calculated following the method of Blair et al. (1995) for the carbon management index. In all systems, labile N released by KMnO4 was a better indicator of N availability than total and stable N. The NMI was a good indicator of N availability but gave no information about the total amount of N. In land use system analysis, total N and labile N can be used together as a simple and rapid way to evaluate the N status of the soil. Legume-based pastures specifically increased the amount of labile N. Although soybeans had a dominant role in the continuous cropping systems studied, the total N contents of these systems were lower than those of the natural Cerrado. The availability of N under legume-based pastures and legume-based pasture-crop rotations was higher than under the natural Cerrado and the continuous cropping systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050443
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land-use effects on phosphorus fractions in Cerrado oxisols (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 30-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Sequential phosphorus fractionation ; Organic phosphorus ; Particle-size separation ; Central Brazil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Differently managed oxisols from Central Brazil were studied using a sequential P fractionation procedure because the effects of land use on the distribution of P forms in these soils are barely known. Therefore levels of labile and recalcitrant P forms in the natural Cerrado savanna were compared with those of crop, pasture and reforestation sites on differently textured oxisols. Under natural conditions of strong P deficiency, 〉60% of labile P was organic P (Po), reflecting the high contribution of Po to plant nutrition. Fertilisation after land-use change only increased levels of inorganic P (Pi) forms, the increase being most accentuated in the labile Pi fraction. At the crop and the pasture sites P tended to accumulate as recalcitrant P forms in the clayey soils, while in the loamy soils there was only a minor enrichment, probably due to the lower amounts of Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides. In the reforestation sites, labile P was maintained at high levels, most likely through efficient recycling of the litter. The P fractionation procedure was also applied to particle-size fractions which reflected P transformations along an organic and mineralogical gradient. The clay fraction corresponded to 69–87% of total P and appeared to be both a sink for highly recalcitrant P and a source for labile P, especially labile Po. The sequential P fractionation procedure was also an effective method with which to detect the presence of fertiliser-P residues in the coarse-silt fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050620
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon storage by introduced deep-rooted grasses in the South American savannas (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 236-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Savannas occupy some 250 million hectares (Mha) of South America, mainly in Brazil (200 Mha), Colombia (20 Mha) and Venezuela (12 Mha). They are used for extensive cattle ranching on the native forage, although in Brazil cropping with maize and soybeans (now 12 Mha) and introduced ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371236a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somaclonal variation in plant adaptation to acid soil in the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes guianensis (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 146 (1992), S. 21-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomass partitioning ; nutrient uptake ; plant adaptation ; soil acidity ; somaclonal variation ; Stylosanthes guianensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Somaclonal variation offers the possibility to obtain changes in one or a few characters of an otherwise outstanding cultivar without altering the remaining, and often unique, part of the genotype. It has been shown to be heritable for some species. A check line of Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., CIAT 2243 and 14 somaclones in the R4 generation, selected after three generations from the original 114 plants regenerated from callus cultures, were used in a glasshouse trial. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the physiological basis of the differences in agronomic performance of certain somaclones over the check genotype when grown in a sandy loam acid soil at low or high fertility level. Measurements at the time of harvest (170 days of plant age) included dry matter distribution between shoot and roots, leaf area production, nutrient levels in soil and plant parts, and uptake of nutrients from soil. Somaclones differed with the check genotype in terms of (i) partitioning of fixed carbon between the shoot and roots; (ii) root biomass production and (iii) uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus. Positive relationships were found between total nitrogen uptake and total biomass, and total phosphorus uptake and total biomass, and total phosphorus uptake and total nitrogen uptake. The results of this study provide an insight into the potential use of somaclonal variation for the improvement of plant adaptation to acid soil conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011991
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of carbon isotope ratios to evaluate legume contribution to soil enhancement in tropical pastures (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Brachiaria decumbens ; C3 legume ; C4 grass ; nitrogen mineralization ; Pueraria phaseoloides ; soil organic carbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil carbon distribution with depth, stable carbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter and their changes as a consequence of the presence of legume were studied in three 12-year-old tropical pastures (grass alone —Brachiaria decumbens (C4), legume alone —Pueraria phaseoloides (C3) and grass + legume) on an Oxisol in Colombia. The objective of this study was to determine the changes that occurred in the13C isotope composition of soil from a grass + legume pasture that was established by cultivation of a native savanna dominated by C4 vegetation. The13C natural abundance technique was used to estimate the amount of soil organic carbon originating from the legume. Up to 29% of the organic carbon in soil of the grass + legume pasture was estimated to be derived from legume residues in the top 0–2-cm soil depth, which decreased to 7% at 8–10 cm depth. Improvements in soil fertility resulting from the soil organic carbon originated from legume residues were measured as increased potential rates of nitrogen mineralization and increased yields of rice in a subsequent crop after the grass + legume pasture compared with the grass-only pasture. We conclude that the13C natural abundance technique may help to predict the improvements in soil quality in terms of fertility resulting from the presence of a forage legume (C3) in a predominantly C4 grass pasture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01347704
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of undisturbed soil cores for evaluation of Rhizobium strains and methods for inoculation of tropical forage legumes in a Colombian Oxisol (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Centrosema ; Desmodium ; Inoculation ; Nitrogen yield ; Nodulation ; Oxisol Pueraria ; Rhizobium ; Soil cores ; Stylosanthes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three experiments were conducted in an acid infertile Oxisol from the Llanos Orientales of Colombia. It was shown that greater increases in nitrogen yield in the tops (N yield) due to N fertilization ofPueraria phaseoloides (CIAT germplasm accession no. 9900),Stylosanthes capitata no. 1019,Centrosema macrocarpum no. 5065 andDesmodium ovalifolium no. 350 occurred in undisturbed soil cores than in pots of disturbed soil. Inoculation significantly increased N yield ofC. macrocarpum in soil cores, but not in pots. In screening trials where a range of Rhizobium strains was used to inoculateD. ovalifolium, P. phaseoloides andC. macrocarpum grown in undisturbed soil cores, strains CIAT 2335, 2434 and 1780, respectively, caused the greatest increases in N yield. Inoculation caused greater increases of nodule numbers relative to the uninoculated control inC. macrocarpum than inD. ovalifolium orP. phaseoloides. When each legume was inoculated with the most effective strain by different methods, and grown in soil cores, it was found that granulated inoculant (0.5 g/seed) was more effective than seeds pelleted with 50 g inoculant/kg for the small-seededD. ovalifolium, but was similar in effectiveness to pelleted inoculant for the larger-seededP. phaseoloides. With the relatively large-seededC. macrocarpum, granulated inoculant was less effective than pelleted inoculant. No clear differences between different types of pellets were observed. The results show that undisturbed cores of acid infertile Oxisol can be used to screen for Rhizobium strains tolerant to these adverse soil conditions, although selected strains should then be subjected to further screening in the field, to determine whether they would make suitable commercial inoculants. It may not be possible to obtain maximum responses to inoculation by all legumes, unless the inoculation methods used here are improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143614
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