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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinopathy in diabetic hypertensive monkeys: a pathologic study (1996)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 234 (1996), S. 388-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: No satisfactory primate model of diabetic retinopathy has been produced. The clinical picture of microangiopathic retinopathy in diabetic hypertensive monkeys has been previously reported. The present study describes the pathologic findings of these animals. • Methods: Eleven eyes of six monkeys (five rhesus, one cynomolgus) were studied. Diabetes mellitus was either spontaneous or induced by streptozocin; mild arterial hypertension was either spontaneous or induced by fludrocortisone acetate. In two monkeys, the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique was employed. Trypsin flat preparations of the nasal retinal vasculature were prepared. The material was studied by light and electron microscopy. • Results: We divided the development of the microangiopathic retinopathy into three stages. In the early stage, background retinopathy was characterized by microvascular abnormalities and capillary dropout. Massive vascular leakage, intraretinal exudates and hemorrhage, cystoid degeneration, and cotton-wool spots were features of an exudative retinopathy in the second stage. In the final stage, chronic ischemic retinopathy was characterized by vascular occlusions and areas of retinal atrophy. • Conclusion: Microangiopathic retinopathy in diabetic monkeys with mild hypertension presented many features of human diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, except vitreous neovascularization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190716
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Galactosidase transgene expression in transplanted rabbit retinal pigment epithelial cells in vivo (1995)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 233 (1995), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Intraocular transplantation of genetically modified cells that release a particular substance could have a major impact on the treatment of various ocular diseases. We studied the expression of the reporter gene β-galactosidase (lacZ) in transplanted retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vivo • Methods: RPE cells from pigmented rabbits were transduced with the β-galactosidase gene in a retroviral vector. Cells were then assayed for gene expression and transplanted subretinally into the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits. RPE cells that were transduced with a similar vector without the β-galactosidase gene were used as controls. Rabbits were killed on days 1, 7, and 21 and the eyes processed for transmission electron microscopy • Results: Neomycin-resistant rabbit RPE cells that showed β-galactosidase activity were generated within 2–5 weeks. After transplantation, viable RPE cells that expressed the transgene and that phagocytosed rod outer segments were observed on days 1, 7, and 21 • Conclusions: The results show that generation of genetically modified RPE cells is feasible and that the transplanted cells remain viable and continue to express the transgene in the subretinal space of the host animal for at least 21 days. Transplantation of such genetically modified RPE cells could provide a new tool for studying retinal diseases and, potentially, for correcting metabolic abnormalities in retinal degenerations and dystrophies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183595
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunopathological findings in posterior scleritis (1994)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 18 (1994), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: collagen-vascular disease ; delayed type hypersensitivity ; immunohistochemistry ; scleritis ; vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Posterior scleritis can present with a variety of symptoms, and its clinical diagnosis is therefore difficult. Little is known about the pathogenesis and the cellular effector mechanisms. This case report presents the immunopathological findings of posterior scleritis in the enucleated eye of a 28-year-old female with no known underlying disease. The cells infiltrating the scierai fibers consisted predominantly of T cells. Many of them were CD4 cells. Clusters of T and B cells were found in perivascular areas. No signs of primary vasculitis were seen. The cellular infiltrate in posterior scleritis shows features compatible with a T-cell-mediated (autoimmune) disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00951803
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Common histopathological changes in aged human orbital arteries (1993)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 17 (1993), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: arteriosclerosis ; atherosclerosis ; ciliary arteries ; intimal hyperplasia ; ophthalmic artery ; orbital arteries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The physiology of the orbital arteries supplying the eye is currently under intensive investigation. However, while the anatomical distribution of these vessels in humans is well known, their normal histology and agerelated or other pathologic alterations have hardly been studied. We obtained at autopsy 10 orbits from persons aged ≥74 years, and two orbits from a person aged 47 years. Specimens were taken from 20 locations along the orbital arteries, from the internal carotid to the globe, and studied by light microscopy. We observed the following arteriosclerotic changes, in order of decreasing frequency: intimai hyperplasia, medial atrophy, atherosclerotic fibrous plaques, and calcifications of the internal elastic lamina. As a rule, the intensity of the changes decreased from proximal to distal. This study shows that aged human orbital arteries are readily subject to degenerative changes that may play an important role in ophthalmic vascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918866
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diameter of the ciliary sulcus : a morphometric study (1993)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 231 (1993), S. 487-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Based on a precise definition of boundaries of the ciliary sulcus, a new anatomical method was used to measure the diameter of the ciliary sulcus in postmortem eyes. In each of 41 globes, 24 different ciliary sulcus diameters were measured and were compared with the axial length, measured by ultrasonography. The mean ciliary sulcus diameter was 11.25 mm (SD = 0.38 mm). By linear regression, the axial length values were significantly correlated with ciliary sulcus diameters. In addition, our data suggest the existence of two groups of eyes differentiated exclusively by the diameter of the ciliary sulcus, independent of the axial length. We propose that the displacement of the pars plicata corporis ciliaris from the peripheral iris to the iris root during the embryonic period may be incomplete in eyes of shorter axial length. The findings of the present study may play a role in cataract surgery in which an intraocular lens is inserted into the ciliary sulcus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02044237
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell death and disposal in retinoblastoma: an electron microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 232 (1994), S. 635-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background: Tumor necrosis and cell death are common features of retinoblastoma. In non-malignant retinal cells after ischemia, as well as in many nonretinal tumors, cell death occurs in at least two ways. We investigated whether similar patterns of cell death could be demonstrated in retinoblastoma cells. • Methods: Nine globes with retinoblastoma from eight patients were studied. Paraffin sections stained with HE or the Feulgen method were examined by light microscopy. Several samples from each tumor were selected for electron microscopic study. • Results: Ultrastructurally, two main types of cell death were identified. Type I was characterized by progressive lysis of the cytoplasm and karyoplasm. Nuclear chromatin either dissolved or was transformed into compact clumps becoming extracellular dense bodies. Phagocytosis of cell remnants by neighboring tumor cells, or occasional macrophages, was common. Type II was characterized by progressive condensation and shrinkage of the cytoplasm and nucleus. Type II was subdivided in two forms distinguished mainly by characteristic patchy vs crescentic chromatin condensation. Small parts of condensed cytoplasm were engulfed by neighboring tumor cells. Compact cell remnants then underwent either phagocytosis by neighboring retinoblastoma cells or progressive intercellular disaggregation. • Conclusion: Retinoblastoma cells may undergo at least two types of cell death. Type I fits the definition of necrosis, while both forms of type II exhibited several features consistent with apoptosis. The types of cell death observed in retinoblastoma exhibited similarities to patterns observed in ischemic retina, as well as in other malignant tumors. Type II cell death (apoptosis) may play a role in limiting tumor growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171377
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