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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rabbit β-Casein Promoter Directs Secretion of Human Interleukin-2 into the Milk of Transgenic Rabbits (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 8 (1990), S. 140-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To test the potential usefulness of transgenic rabbits as production systems for human proteins of pharmaceutical value, we cloned the rabbit β-casein promoter and fused it to the genomic sequence of the human interleukin-2 (hIL2) gene. Four transgenic female rabbits were tested for expression ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0290-140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonopathy and amyotrophy in mice transgenic for human four-repeat tau protein (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 469-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophy ; Axonopathy ; Neurofilaments ; Tau protein ; Transgenic mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Coding region and intronic mutations in the tau gene cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Some of these mutations lead to an overproduction of tau isoforms with four microtubule-binding repeats. Here we have expressed the longest four-repeat human brain tau isoform in transgenic mice under the control of the murine Thy1 promoter. Transgenic mice aged 3 weeks to 25 months overexpressed human tau protein in nerve cells of brain and spinal cord. Numerous abnormal, tau-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and dendrites were seen. In addition, large numbers of pathologically enlarged axons containing neurofilament- and tau-immunoreactive spheroids were present, especially in spinal cord. Signs of Wallerian degeneration and neurogenic muscle atrophy were observed. When motor function was tested, transgenic mice showed signs of muscle weakness. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that overexpression of human four-repeat tau leads to a central and peripheral axonopathy that results in nerve cell dysfunction and amyotrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051148
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human GLUT4 in mice results in increased insulin action (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1097-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words GLUT 4 transgenic mice ; euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps ; glucose transport ; insulin action ; glycogen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose metabolism was evaluated in transgenic mice expressing the human GLUT 4 glucose transporter. Fed GLUT 4 transgenic mice exhibited a 32 % and 56 % reduction in serum glucose and insulin and a 69 % and 33 % increase in non-esterified fatty acid and lactate levels, respectively. Transgenic mice exhibited a significant increase in whole-body glucose disposal during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated soleus muscles and adipocytes was greater in transgenic compared to control mice due to increased basal glucose uptake. Transgenic mice displayed increased glycogen levels in liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and increased insulin-stimulated 14C-glycogen accumulation in isolated soleus muscle. We conclude that over-expression of the GLUT 4 glucose transporter in mice results in 1) an increase in whole-body glucose disposal and storage, and 2) an increase in both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and disposal in vitro. These changes resulted in the reduction of serum glucose and insulin levels. These results provide direct evidence that glucose transport (and GLUT 4 per se) plays a significant role in regulating whole-body glucose homeostasis. Additionally, these data support the idea that pharmacological strategies directed at increasing the expression of GLUT 4 protein may have beneficial (hypoglycaemic) effects in the diabetic state. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1097–1104]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418373
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human GLUT4 in mice results in increased insulin action (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1097-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: GLUT 4 transgenic mice ; euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps ; glucose transport ; insulin action ; glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose metabolism was evaluated in transgenic mice expressing the human GLUT 4 glucose transporter. Fed GLUT 4 transgenic mice exhibited a 32% and 56% reduction in serum glucose and insulin and a 69% and 33% increase in non-esterified fatty acid and lactate levels, respectively. Transgenic mice exhibited a significant increase in whole-body glucose disposal during a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated soleus muscles and adipocytes was greater in transgenic compared to control mice due to increased basal glucose uptake. Transgenic mice displayed increased glycogen levels in liver and gastrocnemius muscle, and increased insulin-stimulated 14C-glycogen accumulation in isolated soleus muscle. We conclude that over-expression of the GLUT 4 glucose transporter in mice results in 1) an increase in whole-body glucose disposal and storage, and 2) an increase in both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and disposal in vitro. These changes resulted in the reduction of serum glucose and insulin levels. These results provide direct evidence that glucose transport (and GLUT 4 per se) plays a significant role in regulating wholebody glucose homeostasis. Additionally, these data support the idea that pharmacological strategies directed at increasing the expression of GLUT 4 protein may have beneficial (hypoglycaemic) effects in the diabetic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418373
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safe biotechnology. Part 6. Safety assessment, in respect of human health, of microorganisms used in biotechnology (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The assessment of microorganisms in respect to human health is an important step for the introduction of new natural and genetically modified production strains to biotechnology. This report outlines the potential hazards posed by industrial microorganisms, important considerations related to pathogenicity, such as routes and portals of entry into the human body, mechanisms of spread of biological material and a definition of pathogenicity. Furthermore the most important steps in the assessment of pathogenicity of unknown strains are described. A short overview on characterization and in vitro and in vivo tests is presented. The hazard related to allergens and toxic metabolites is reviewed and the choice of methods and the handling of strains with unknown potential are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050423
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safe biotechnology. 8. Transport of infectious and biological materials (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The transport of infectious and biological material is regulated by a number of international organizations. This mini-review has been compiled to increase awareness within the scientific community of problems caused by differences in terminology (such as infectious materials/substances, biological products, diagnostic specimens, genetically modified microorganisms) and certain technical aspects of the main international guidelines, and to assist policy makers in the creation of harmonized guidelines. A list of relevant Internet resources has been compiled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051028
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safe biotechnology. Part 6. Safety assessment, in respect of human health, of microorganisms used in biotechnology (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 43 (1995), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The assessment of microorganisms in respect to human health is an important step for the introduction of new natural and genetically modified production strains to biotechnology. This report outlines the potential hazards posed by industrial microorganisms, important considerations related to pathogenicity, such as routes and portals of entry into the human body, mechanisms of spread of biological material and a definition of pathogenicity.Furthermore the most important steps in the assessment of pathogenicity of unknown strains are described. A short overview on characterization and in vitro and in vivo tests is presented. The hazard related to allergens and toxic metabolites is reviewed and the choice of methods and the handling of strains with unknown potential are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218438
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of transcription in early mouse embryos (1979)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 73 (1979), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transcriptional activity during early mammalian embryogenesis was examined in 2 cell, 4–8 cell and late morula/early blastocyst mouse embryos. Zona pellucida-free embryos were obtained after pronase digestion followed by a PMSF wash to inhibit proteolytic activity. The embryos were then lysed with NP40 detergent and spread for electron microscopy according to Miller and Bakken (1972). pre-mRNA transcription was observed at all stages. Comparison of growing RNP chain lengths revealed statistically significant differences in the distribution of shorter fibrils between the successive developmental stages examined. The number of shorter fibrils was lower in the 4–8 cell stage than in either of the two other stages. Transcription complexes of ribosomal type were detected only in 4–8 cell and morula/blastocyst embryos. Structures resembling replication loops were observed within chromatin from all stages. Similar loop-like structures as well as individually transcribed RNP fibrils were also occasionally found on fibres emerging from mitotic chromosomes. The results are discussed in the context of recent findings concerning genetic expression in early mouse embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331570
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Rituximab on patients with follicular and mantle-cell lymphoma (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: anti CD-20 antibody ; follicular lymphoma ; immunotherapy ; mantle-cell lymphoma ; Rituximab
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Clinical activity of the anti CD-20 monoclonalantibody Rituximab has been reported in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL)and mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL). Patients and methods:120 patients with bi-dimensionallymeasurable FL or MCL (R.E.A.L. Classification) were treated with Rituximab 375mg/m2/week for 4 weeks. A central pathology review confirmed thediagnosis of FL in 76 of 78 and of MCL in 39 of 42 cases. The response wasevaluated after 8 weeks and confirmed after 12 weeks from the start oftreatment. Results:The toxicity of the treatment was, as expected, grade1–2 fever and rigors during the first infusion and mild asthenia duringthe treatment period. Serious adverse events, probably or possibly related tothe study treatment, included four deaths (3 of cardiac origin, 1 caused byP. cariniipneumonia) and 10 further nonfatal cases, including apermanent agranulocytosis and one case of heart failure. Response rate at week12 was 52% for FL and 22% for MCL. After treatment, theBCL-2rearrangement disappeared in 15 of 29 blood but only in 5 of23 bone marrow samples; BCL-1disappeared in 5 of 12 blood and 0 of7 bone marrow specimens, as determined by PCR. Conclusions:Rituximab is an active agent for the treatment of FL,while its efficacy is modest in MCL. The effect in reducing minimal residualdisease is more pronounced on the blood than it is on the bone marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008301432453
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine primäre isolierte obliterierende Pulmonalvenenveränderung als Ursache eines chronischen Cor pulmonale (1963)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 40 (1963), S. 35-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02119847
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