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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 32 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Saturated solutions of nitralin or butralin were used to treat the germinating florets of Lolium perenne L, var, Manhattan in a growth chamber to evaluate the induced mitotic and structural effects. Examination of structural changes showed suppressed root elongation and increased radial root enlargement. The response to nitralin was observed at 1 h, whereas a weaker response was first observed with butralin at 12 h. Cortical and epidermal cells close to the apex, treated with either herbicide, were enlarged and more vacuolate. Normal mitotic figures were reduced by 76% and 36% after 1 h following treatment with nitralin and butralin, respectively. Division figures differed markedly between the two herbicides. Nitralin-treated cells formed polymorphic nuclei with an enlargement of nuclear volume and an increase in ploidy level, Butrahn decreased the number of prophase division figures, but increased the number of nuclei per cell, yielding a multi-nucleate cell, Nitralin effects on cell divisions resemble those caused by the other dinitroani-line herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin and pendimethalin. Butralin effects on cell division more closely resemble those reported from the carbamates, propham and chlorpropham. Effets mitotiques et structured de la nitraline et de la butraline sur les meristimes racinaires du ray-grass (Lolium perenne L.) Des solutions saturees de nitraline et de butraline ont étéutilises pour traiter des épillets en germination de Lolium perenne L. var. Manhattan en chambre climatique afin d'évaluer les effets mitotiques et structurels in-duits, L'examen des changements structurels a montre la suppression de l'élongation racinaire et l'augmentation du diametre racinaire. La reponse a la nitraline a étéobservee aprés une heure tandis qu'une réponse plus faible a été obsérvée avec la butraline apres 12 heures, Les cellules corticales et épidermiques proches de l'apex, traitées avec l'un ou l'autre herbicide, étaient plus grandes et plus vacuolées. Les schemas mitotiques normaux ont étéréduits de 76% et 36% une heure apres un traitement à la nitraline et à la butraline, respectivement. Les schémas de division différaient de faéon marquée entre les 2 herbicides, Les cellules traitées à la nitraline ont formé des cellules avec des nuclei polymorphes avec augmentation du volume nucléaire et du niveau de ploïdie. La butraline a limité le nombre de stades prophasi-ques mais a augmenté le nombre de nucléi par cellule, aboutissant a une cellule multinucleee, Les effets de la nitraline sur la division cellulaire ressemblent à ceux causés par les autres herbicides dinitroanihnes: trifluraline, oryzalinne, et pendiméthaline, et les effets de la butraline sur la division cellulaire sont plus voisins de ceux rapportés pour les carbamates, prophame et chloroprophame. Wirkungen von Nitralin und Butralin auf Mitose und Struktur des Wurzelmeristems von Deutschem Weidelgras (Lolium perenne L.) Nach der Behandlung keimender Samen von Lolium perenne L. ‘Manhattan’ mit gesattigten Losungen von Nitralin und Butralin im Phyto-tron entwickelten sich verkurzte, aber verdickte Wurzeln, Bei Nitralin wurden nach 1 h Wirkungen beobachtet, bei Butralin in geringerem Maße erst nach 12 h. Bei beiden Herbiziden waren die Zellen der Rinde und der Rhizodermis nahe der Spitze vergrößert und enthielten mehr Vakuolen. Die normalen Mitosestrukturen waren 1 h nach der Behandlung mit Nitralin oder Butralin 76 bzw. 36% geringer. Die Teilungsfiguren unterschieden sich bei den beiden Herbiziden deutlich. Mit Nitralin behandelte Zellen bildeten polymorphe, vergrößerte Zellkerne und der Ploidie-Grad stieg. Butralin verkleinerte die Zahl der Teilungsstrukturen der Prophase, vermehrte aber die Zahl der Zellkerne, führte also zu mehrkernigen Zellen. Die Wirkungen von Nitralin auf die Zellteilung gleichen denen der anderen Dinitroanilin-Herbizide Triflur-alin, Oryzalin und Pendimethalin. Die Wirkungen des Butralins auf die Zellteilung ähneln mehr denen der Carbamate Propham und Chlorpropham.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 6 (1966), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary. Several alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether non-ionic surfactants were tested in aqueous foliar sprays with dalapon, amitrole and paraquat for (heir enhancement of phytocidal activity against Zea mays L. With three homologous series of surfactants studied (octyl-, nonyl- and laurylphenol types), the herbicide, the surfactant concentration and the hydrophilic constitution (ethylene oxide content) of the surfactant molecule all markedly influenced maximum toxicity. Smaller apparent differences in effectiveness were also attributable to the hydrophobic (alkylphenol) portion of the surfactant. The results arc discussed in relation to possible cuticle-spray solution interactions and their influence on herbicide penetration.Relations entre la structure et l'activite de produits tensio-actifs non ionigues, a base d'éther d'oxyde éthylénique et d'alkylphénol, en présence de trois herbicides hydrosolubles
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 16 (1997), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Keywords: Key Words. Paclobutrazol—Gibberellin—Rice seedling growth—Rice seedling morphology—Carbohydrate allocation—Seedling quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1h-1,2,4-trizol-1-yl)penten-3-ol] effectively decreased vegetative growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings and increased the chlorophyll content. The number of veins in a leaf, the calculated number of stomata per leaf, and the length of guard cells were not altered by the paclobutrazol treatment, suggesting an effect on cell elongation. The allocation pattern of carbohydrates was changed by either gibberellin (GA) or paclobutrazol treatment. GA3 induced more shoot growth and less accumulation of starch than the control and paclobutrazol-treated seedlings. Photosynthetic ability was not affected by either paclobutrazol or GA3 treatment. Paclobutrazol-treated plants allocated a smaller amount of photosynthates for vegetative shoot growth and stored more as starch in the crowns than the control and GA3-treated plants. The same starch degrading activity in the crown tissue of paclobutrazol-treated seedlings as in control plants suggests that the accumulated starch is utilized in a normal activity for growth including leaf emergence, tiller formation, and root production, resulting in improved seedling quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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