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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual event-related potentials in first-episode psychotic patients and their relatives (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: We conducted a comprehensive examination of the sensory visual event-related potential (ERP) of psychiatric patients and their relatives using a methodology that improves upon those used previously by other investigators. One hundred thirty-five patients at the onset of their first psychotic episode, 146 first-degree relatives of these patients, and 113 normal controls were exposed to light flashes of four different intensities while their ERPs were recorded from three central scalp sites. For most analyses, various ERP amplitude measures did not discriminate the different psychiatric groups or their relatives either from one another or from the normal controls. These findings indicate that patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and affective disorder at the early stage of their illness do not display significant deficits in the processing and regulation of simple sensory visual stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb00418.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The association between lithium carbonate and smooth pursuit eye tracking among first-episode patients with psychotic affective disorders (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 30 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The association between treatment with lithium carbonate and smooth pursuit eye tracking performance was investigated in first-episode patients with psychotic affective disorders. The horizontal pursuit performance of patients with major depression and bipolar disorder who were receiving lithium carbonate was contrasted with that of patients not receiving lithium carbonate. In addition, the accuracy and quality of pursuit eye tracking was examined in bipolar patients whose lithium status changed from the time of initial testing to the time of retest 10 months later. For the combined group of depressed and bipolar patients, treatment with lithium carbonate was not associated with worse pursuit performance. Bipolar disordered patients on lithium did not differ in tracking proficiency from those not on lithium; bipolar patients whose lithium status changed from intake to retest also did not display a significant change in pursuit performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03199.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resting EEG in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: We examined the frequency characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 102 schizophrenic patients (44 first-episode and 58 chronic patients) and 102 normal comparison subjects. EEGs of schizophrenic patients had more delta (1–3 Hz) and theta (3.125–8 Hz) activity and less alpha (8.125–13 Hz) activity than normal comparison subjects. There were no significant differences in the EEG frequency composition of first-episode and chronic patients. Because first-episode and chronic patients were characterized by different disorder durations and treatment histories, the similarity of their EEGs suggests that EEG abnormalities are stable characteristics of schizophrenia and are not treatment-related epiphenomena. A principal components analysis of EEG power bands identified an augmented low frequency-diminished alpha component and a beta component. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher scores on the augmented low frequency-diminished alpha component than did normal comparison subjects, and there was no significant group difference in scores on the beta component. The findings of this investigation suggest that EEG abnormalities in schizophrenia reflect aspects of brain dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01023.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal stability of smooth-pursuit eye tracking in first-episode psychosis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: We evaluated the temporal stability of smooth-pursuit eye tracking in 38 schizophrenic, 42 nonschizophrenic psychotic (bipolar, depressive, paranoid psychotic, and schizophreniform), and 49 normal subjects. Pursuit performance was evaluated on two testing occasions separated by approximately 9.5 months. Retest reliability coefficients of root mean square (RMS) error scores for schizophrenic and normal subjects were .68 and .57, respectively. The reliability coefficients of RMS error scores for the nonschizophrenic psychotic patients ranged from .44 to .51. Level of psychological functioning was not significantly related to tracking performance, and most patients' pursuit performance remained stable despite changes in medication and clinical status. These results support the hypothesis that eye tracking dysfunction is a trait characteristic that can serve as a vulnerability indicator of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01025.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resting EEG in first-episode schizophrenia patients, bipolar psychosis patients, and their first-degree relatives (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: We evaluated the resting electroencephalogram (EEG) of 50 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 55 of their relatives, 31 first-episode bipolar patients and 35 of their relatives, and 113 nonpsychiatric subjects and 42 of their relatives. The frequency characteristics of the EEG showed moderate stability for a subgroup of these subjects (n= 106) who were tested twice, approximately 9 months apart. Both the schizophrenia and bipolar patients showed a generalized pattern of increased delta and theta and decreased alpha activity. The bipolar patients demonstrated additional right hemisphere activity that was not present among the schizophrenia patients and nonpsychiatric subjects, a finding consistent with hypotheses concerning nondominant hemisphere involvement in the regulation of elated mood. The schizophrenia patients' female relatives and/or relatives with affective disorders and the bipolar patients had significantly reduced peak alpha frequencies. This finding may be related to reduced information processing capacity among these subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01052.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-Morbid Symptoms of depression and conduct disorder in first nations children: Some findings from the flower of two soils project (1992)
    Springer
    Culture, medicine and psychiatry 16 (1992), S. 471-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-005X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prominence of co-morbidity in children and adolescents has increased over the past decade as new empirical research data has accumulated. Yet little epidemiological data of any kind exists for First Nations Children. Following a brief literature review on co-morbidity in children and adolescents, the authors analyzed data from the Flower of Two Soils Project (M. Beiser, principal investigator) to examine more closely the relationship between self-reported depressive symptoms and parent/teacher reported conduct symptoms. Such a relationship has been consistently found in a number of studies. Children aged 7 to 10 were found to show more academic and social problems when rated as having high conduct symptoms. Children in the co-morbid group were found to have the highest rates of family stress and help-seeking behavior. Suicidal ideation was as high in the conduct and co-morbid groups as it was in the high depression group. More First Nations children were found in the high conduct-low depression group. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053588
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Commentary on ‘culture-bound syndromes and international disease classifications’ (1987)
    Springer
    Culture, medicine and psychiatry 11 (1987), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-005X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changing time perspective and mental health among Southeast Asian refugees (1987)
    Springer
    Culture, medicine and psychiatry 11 (1987), S. 437-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-005X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Little is known about the psychological mechanisms people employ in adapting to extreme circumstances such as becoming refugees. Case studies of refugees making up part of a sample of 1348 persons relocated from Southeast Asia to Vancouver, British Columbia, suggest that altering one's perception of time may be an adaptive strategy. During periods of acute stress, refugees seem to focus on the present to the relative exclusion of past and future. The reemergence of past and future into consciousness brings about a risk for developing depression. Epidemiological data corroborate inferences from case material, demonstrating that refugees are more present-oriented than the indigenous population. A “Nostalgic” time orientation, preoccupation with the past, is associated with elevated depression scores. Contrasts are drawn between nostalgia, a maladaptive pattern, and memory, which is an inevitable part of the process of personality integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048493
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure of Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms Among Native and Non-Native Elementary School Children (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of abnormal child psychology 28 (2000), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2835
    Keywords: attention-deficit ; hyperactivity ; Native American ; confirmatory factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a measure of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with Native and non-Native children. Two models, corresponding to DSM-III-R and DSM-IV symptom categorizations of ADHD, were assessed by (a) determining which DSM schema of ADHD best fit the data within each culture group and (b) testing the cross-cultural equivalence of the best-fitting model. Data were taken from the Flower of Two Soils and School Options for Native Children studies, examinations of emotional health and academic achievement among Native and non-Native children. The studies included teacher, parent, and self-report ratings of symptoms among 1555 Native and 489 non-Native children in grades 2 and 4 at four different locations across North America. For the data derived from teacher and parent ratings, a 2-factor solution corresponding to the DSM-IV conceptualization of two subtypes provided the best fit. For student self-ratings, the 2-factor solution showed no improvement over a 1-factor model. The respective factor solutions were culturally invariant. Acceptable internal consistency was observed across raters and within culture groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005179521820
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