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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The promotive effect on subsequent germination of treating imbibed celery seeds with high temperature before or during drying (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 3 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract High temperature (32°C) prevented germination of celery seeds even if given after 4 d of germination induction at 17°C in white light, but germination occurred if the seeds were then returned to 17°C. Celery seeds incubated for 3 d at 17°C in white light and then air-dried at 20°C germinated slowly when re-sown at 17°C in the light, achieving only 24% germination after 21 d. Exposure of such seeds to 32°C prior to and during drying resulted in 50% germination after 3.6 d at 17°C in white light, with no loss in viability, compared to 5.7 d for seeds not given a germination induction treatment. If celery seeds were dried rapidly germination was poor, an effect which could be overcome by high temperature treatment. It is suggested that the mechanism which imposes dormancy at 32°C also conditions the seed to withstand desiccation damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11587030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between Position on the Parent Plant and Dormancy Characteristics of Seeds of Three Cultivars of Celery (Apium graveolens) (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 45 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Germination and seedling emergence studies were made on seeds harvested from four different umbel positions of three cultivars of celery (Apium graveolens L.). Although heavier seeds were produced from primary umbels than from other umbels, these were less viable as measured by the germination percentage at I8°C in the light. However, germination of viable seeds from quaternary umbels was lower than that of seeds from primary umbels at 18°C in the dark when incubated with GA4, (2 × 10 −4M) and seed from secondary and tertiary umbels tended to be intermediate in response. All viable seeds germinated when N6-benzyladenine (10−2M) was used in combination with GA4. Seeds from quaternary umbels of two of the cultivars had a lower high-temperature limit for germination in the dark than did seeds from other umbels. In glasshouse experiments the emergence of viable ‘quaternary’ seeds of these cultivars was higher than that of ‘primary’ seeds. Under these conditions the time to 50% of the final emergence as determined after 42 days was similar for seeds from all umbel positions within each cultivar. In two varieties seedling weights were greater from seeds of primary as compared to quaternary umbels, and in general, the largest seedlings arose from the heaviest seeds and the smallest from the lightest seeds in all three cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb02620.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Different Cytokinins on the Germination of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Celery (Apium graveolens) Seeds (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 37 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The naturally occurring cytokinins, zeatin, zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin did not promote the germination of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds and 6-Δ2-isopentenyladenine (2iPA) and its riboside were only moderately active. Of the synthetic cytokinins, kinetin, kinetin riboside, and the disubstituted urea, N-phenyl-N′-pyridyl urea (NC5392) were moderately active, and 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BA) and its derivatives BA riboside and 6-benzyl-amino-9(tetrahydropyran-2yl)purine (SD8339) were the most active cytokinins tested. 6-(o-hydroxybenzyl)aminopurine (hyd-BA) and its naturally occurring riboside inhibited germination under normally inductive conditions.All the cytokinins examined were more active in promoting germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) than celery seeds. BA, BA riboside and SD8339 were again the most active cytokinins. In contrast to the results with celery, zeatin and zeatin riboside were highly active. The other cytokinins also showed high activity with the exception of dihydrozeatin, hyd-BA and hyd-BA riboside which were less active. Cytokinin ribosides were less active than the corresponding free bases during the early period of the lettuce seed incubation but total germination after 90 h was similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1976.tb01865.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and drying rate during dehydration of celery seeds on germination, leakage and response to gibberellin and cytokinin (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 54 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A high temperature treatment of 32°C which prevents dehydration injury in celery seeds imbibed for 3 days at 17°C and then dried at 20°C, reduced leakage during rehydration, compared with seeds not given the high temperature treatment. Treatments which would normally release celery seeds from dormancy, such as low temperature imbibition or gibberellin (GA4/7) and benzyladenine (BA) applications had little effect on the germination of seeds exhibiting desiccation injury. However, GA4/7 did induce splitting of the seed coat and swelling of the endosperm, and this effect was enhanced by BA. It is suggested that in celery seeds high temperature prevents irreversible embryo damage, including membrane damage, caused by drying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00580.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Different Cytokinins on the Transpiration and Senescence of Excised Oat Leaves (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 42 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In order to investigate the possibility that cytokinins control transpiration indirectly through affecting leaf senescence, a direct comparison was made of the effect of different cytokinins on transpiration and senescence of oat leaves (Avena sativa L. cv. Forward). Senescence was assessed by measuring chlorophyll loss. The synthetic cytokinins N6 benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin delayed senescence and increased transpiration of oat leaves to a greater extent than did the naturally occurring compounds zeatin, Nb-Δ2 isopentenyladenine (i6 Ade) and 6-ø-hydroxybenzyladenosine (hyd-BA riboside).During the early stages of the transpiration experiment zeatin showed similar or greater activity than BA. This period was longest when freshly excised leaves were used, was reduced when leaves were used after incubation in distilled water in the dark for 20 h and was eliminated by incubation in cytokinin solution in the dark. After this period the activity of zeatin declined relative to BA. The effect of cytokinins in increasing transpiration occurred only in the light; no effect was observed in the dark.BA showed higher activity than zeatin in senescence tests but both cytokinins were less effective as the tests progressed, this decrease in activity being more rapid when older leaves were used.The results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms by which endogenous cytokinins might control sensecence and transpiration in oat leaves and to the value of the oat leaf senscence and transpiration bioassays as tests for cytokinin activity of plant extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb04098.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodormancy in Celery Seeds and its Removal by Cytokinins and Gibberellins (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 42 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Imbibition of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds at 32°C for up to 96 h lowered the upper temperature limit for germination. If this high temperature treatment was given in the light, these seeds germinated slightly earlier than those treated in the dark although the final percentage germination was similar for both treatments. The inhibitory effect of the high temperature treatment was completely removed by allowing the seeds to imbibe in a mixture of the gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA4/7) and partially removed by the cytokinin N6-benzylaminopurine (BA). GA4/7 was less effective when added before rather than after the high temperature treatment, whereas the opposite was true of BA. At constant temperatures more GA4/7 was required to promote germination as the temperature was raised but addition of BA reduced the concentration of GA4/7 required. A model is proposed for the control of celery seed germination by light and temperature through the action of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb04104.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth Regulators and the Phytochrome-Mediated Dormancy of Celery Seeds (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 35 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seeds of five celery (Apium graveolens L.) cultivars germinated at 15°C in the light or dark but at 22°C only in the light. This light requirement was overcome by treatment with a mixture of the gibberellins GA4 and GA7 (GA4/7) but interactions of cytokinins, daminozide, ethephon, EDTA and N-phenyl-N′-4-pyridylurea (NC5392) with GA4/7 were observed. Varietal differences in response to GA4/7 concentration and the requirement for cytokinins were related to the upper temperature limits for germination of the different cultivars. Seeds of cultivars responding to low concentrations of GA4/7 appeared to contain less natural inhibitor than those requiring either high concentrations of GA4/7 or cytokinin in addition to low GA4/7. The cytokinin requirement for germination was partially removed by leaching the seeds with water. Interaction studies with applied hormones indicated that in seeds incubated in the light inhibition by abscisic acid was partially alleviated by N6-benzyladenine but not by GA4/7 application. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the involvement of natural plant hormones in the dormancy mechanism of celery seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1975.tb03876.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevention of dehydration injury in celery seeds by polyethylene glycol, abscisic acid, dark and high temperature (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 55 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.) given a germination induction period (3 days imbibition at 17°C in the light) could be prevented from germinating by up to 14 days subsequent exposure to high temperature (32°C), polyethylene glycol (PEG), abscisic acid (ABA) or dark (22°C). When the seeds were returned to 17°C in the light, germination occurred and, except for the high temperature treatment, was more rapid compared to seeds given a germination induction period only.Celery seeds incubated for 3 days at 17°C in the light and then air-dried at 20°C germinated slowly when re-sown at 17°C in the light, and achieved only 19% germination after 21 days. Exposing the seeds to high temperature, PEG, ABA or dark for up to 14 days before drying maintained seed viability and subsequent germination was faster. The longer treatment periods gave increased benefit, and PEG was the most effective treatment. It is suggested that the effectiveness of the treatments in inducing dehydration tolerance relates to their ability to inhibit germination possibly via their prevention of cell expansion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb04519.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual effects of High Temperature Pre-Treatments on the Germination of Celery Seeds (Apium graveolens) (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 47 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.) were allowed to imbibe in the dark for different periods at 28. 32. 37 or 41°(the high temperature pre-treatmem or HTP) prior to transfer to 15, 17, 19.5 or 22°C in white light (the low temperature treatment or LTT). The effect of HTP's at 28. 32 and 37°C was to lower the upper temperature limit for germination and this effect increased with increase in the temperature and duration of the HTP. Increasing exposure to an HTP of 41 °C, however, did not appear to lower the upper temperature limit for germination but reduced the viability of the seeds. This trend of increased inhibition of germination caused by increasingly higher temperatures was reversed when the transfer was to a 22°C LTT after a 4 day HTP at 37°C.When the temperature of (he HTP was relatively low and transfer was to a low LTT. or if the HTP was of a brief duration, the rate of germination was increased as compared to seeds not given an HTP. However, when the temperature and duration of the HTP were increased, the rate of germination became slower than that of seeds not given an HTP, i.e. the time taken for the seeds to recover from the HTP-induced dormancy increased with the temperature and duration of the HTP. The decrease in the germination rate was caused by a delay in the start and not a slowing of the rate of embryo elongation within the seed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb06515.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of Abscisic Acid, Cytokinin and Gibberellin in the Control of Betacyanin Synthesis in Seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 40 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In de-rooted seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus L., betacyanin synthesis induced by white light or cytokinin was inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) or a mixture of gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA4/7). The GA4/7 and ABA effects were additive. Thus ABA inhibited the cytokinin action but had no effect on the gibberellin response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1977.tb04079.x
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