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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern motion is present in V1 of awake but not anaesthetized monkeys (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We compared responses of neurons, recorded in striate cortex (area V1) of awake, fixating monkeys, to a single drifting grating with those to a ‘plaid’ pattern comprised of two superimposed drifting gratings separated in orientation by 90°. Five out of 54 (9%) of V1 direction selective neurons responded to the direction of motion of the whole pattern [pattern motion (PM) selectivity]. Tuning curves for plaid stimuli were similar in both optimum direction and width of tuning to those for single gratings. Twenty nine out of 54 (54%) responded simply to the motion of individual orientated gratings within the pattern [component motion (CM) selectivity]. The remaining 37% (20/54) neurons were unclassified. In control experiments, 39 direction selective neurons were recorded in area V1 of anaesthetized monkey and cats. Unlike area V1 in behaving monkeys, none of these neurons exhibited PM selectivity to the drifting plaids. Twenty eight out of 39 (72%) of them responded to the direction of the component gratings and were classified as CM selectivity. Our results indicate that although most V1 neurons are CM selective, as described in anaesthetized animals, a subpopulation is clearly PM selective in behaving monkeys, reflecting integration of locally derived motion signals. Neurons in V1 therefore carry signals that may contribute to pattern motion processing and perception. This perceptual interpretation in V1 might depend much more critically on information integration mechanisms that only function properly in awake, perceiving animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03212.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cognitive disorders and neurogenesis deficits in Huntington's disease mice are rescued by fluoxetine (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat encoding an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Affected individuals display progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms (including depression), leading to terminal decline. Given that transgenic HD mice have decreased hippocampal cell proliferation and that a deficit in neurogenesis has been postulated as an underlying cause of depression, we hypothesized that decreased hippocampal neurogenesis contributes to depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in HD. Fluoxetine, a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression, is known to increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of wild-type mouse hippocampus. Here we show that hippocampal-dependent cognitive and depressive-like behavioural symptoms occur in HD mice, and that the administration of fluoxetine produces a marked improvement in these deficits. Furthermore, fluoxetine was found to rescue deficits of neurogenesis and volume loss in the dentate gyrus of HD mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04365.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direction discrimination of moving gratings and plaids and coherence in dot displays without primary visual cortex (V1) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We present new experimental observations of G.Y., a well-tested patient with unilateral loss of primary visual cortex. We stimulated G.Y.'s blind hemifield using first- and second-order motion stimuli at velocities around psychophysical threshold. Using a dual response paradigm (awareness level of visual motion, motion direction discrimination) psychophysical performance improved with increasing velocity and dot coherence. We were also able to influence directly G.Y.'s performance for the better and at will, by placing the emphasis solely on direction discrimination. In the absence of V1, graduated detection and discrimination of stimuli known to activate both V1 and extrastriate motion areas MT/V5 and MST is still possible. These results are in line with residual visual processing but did not show evidence of unconscious processing of motion stimuli characteristic of ‘blindsight'.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00383.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dendritic spine pathology and deficits in experience-dependent dendritic plasticity in R6/1 Huntington's disease transgenic mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion coding for an expanded polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Dendritic abnormalities occur in human HD patients and in several transgenic mouse models of the disease. In this study, we examine, for the first time, dendrite and spine pathology in the R6/1 mouse model of HD, which mimics neurodegeneration seen in human HD. Enriching the environment of HD transgenic mice delays the onset of symptoms, so we also examine the effects of enrichment on dendrite pathology. Golgi-impregnated tissue from symptomatic R6/1 HD mice reveals a decrease in dendritic spine density and dendritic spine length in striatal medium spiny neurons and cortical pyramidal neurons. HD also causes a specific reduction in the proportion of bifurcated dendritic spines on basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. No differences in soma size, recurving distal dendrites, or dendritic branching were observed. Although home-cage environmental enrichment from 1 to 8 months of age increases spine density in wild-type mice, it has no effect on the spine pathology in HD mice. These results show that dendritic spine pathology in R6/1 HD mice resembles degenerative changes seen in human HD and in other transgenic mouse models of the disease. We thus provide further evidence that the HD mutation disrupts the connectivity in both neostriatum and cerebral cortex, which will contribute to motor and cognitive disease symptoms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Huntington's disease pathology interferes with the normal plastic response of dendritic spines to environmental enrichment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03374.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ganglion cell death during development of ipsilateral retino-collicular projection in golden hamster (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 308 (1984), S. 362-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We performed experiments on golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), some of which had had one eye removed by section of the optic nerve under hypothermie anaesthesia on day 0 (the first 24 h after birth). At different ages pressure injections of retrogradely transported markers (horseradish ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/308362a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of GABAergic inhibition in the cortical effects of monocular deprivation (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 291 (1981), S. 318-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Six cats were used for the experiments?three early monocularly deprived animals, with lid suture at the time of natural eye opening and three late monocularly deprived animals, with lid suture carried out 2 weeks after eye opening. All recordings were made when the animals were in the age range ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/291318a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration of visual and auditory space in the mammalian superior colliculus (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 288 (1980), S. 56-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recordings of eye movements and single-neurone microelectrode recordings of the superior colliculus in cats show that, for each saccadic movement, their eyes start near to the centre of the orbit so that the coordinates of visual and auditory space are aligned, and complex neural compensation of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/288056a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gunning for reductionism (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 272 (1978), S. 772-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Purposive Brain. By Ragnar Granit. Pp. 244. (MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, 1977.) $12.50; £8.75. IN this short book Ragnar Granit brings together two subjects on which he himself has worked-the visual system and the motor system-as the basis of a general ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/272772a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Images of animals (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 270 (1977), S. 635-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Animals and Men: Their Relationships as Reflected in Western Art from Prehistory to the Present Day. By Kenneth Clark. Pp. 240. (Thames and Hudson: London, 1977.) £10.50. EVERYTHING about this book is full of promise. Its author, Lord Clark, is now a cult object more widely revered than ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/270635a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bicuculline on functions of inhibition in visual cortex (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 375-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the mammalian cerebral cortex, bicuculline acts as a reversible inhibitor of the action of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (ref. 2), the principal putative inhibitory neuro-transmitter3. In the visual cortex, intracortical inhibitory interneurones may act to increase the precision with which a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/249375a0
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