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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 393 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 4 (1980), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Entre 1948 et 1978, nous avons observé 160 malades atteints de neuroblastomes, 97 garçons et 63 filles. Au moment du diagnostic, 74 malades avaient moins de 2 ans, 28 entre 2 et 3 ans et 58 plus de 3 ans. La tumeur était localisée dans 62 cas (38%) et avec métastases dans 98 cas (62%). Les malades ont été groupés selon l’étendue de la maladie et selon les critères de Evans en: 5 stades I, 31 stades II, 26 stades III, 82 stades IV et 16 stades IV-S. La tumeur était localisée au cou dans 3 cas, au médiastin dans 16, dans l’abdomen dans 136, au petit bassin dans 3 cas. Les principaux symptomes étaient une masse abdominale, une perte de poids, une anémie, des douleurs osseuses et une exophtalmie. Six malades présentaient de la diarrhée et 3 une ataxie cérébelleuse avec nystagmus. La lésion était souvent calcifiée (〉50%) et la ponction médullaire a souvent mis en évidence des amas de cellules tumorales (rosettes). L’excrétion urinaire de VMA était élevée dans 85% des cas. La thérapeutique a varié selon le stade de la maladie. Pour les malades au stade I, le seul traitement a été l’exérèse chirurgicale. Pour les stades II, l’exérèse a été complétée par une irradiation, soit du tissu tumoral résiduel, soit des aires ganglionnaires envahies. Le traitement des malades au stade III a été aggressif: exérèse lorsqu’elle est possible, radiothérapie et polychimiothérapie (cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, DTIC, Adriamycine, VM-26). Les malades présentant des métastases (stade IV) ont été traités au début par polychimiothérapie avec “second look” tardif ou laparotomie primitive retardée pour exérèse de la tumeur dans les cas répondant à la chimiothérapie. La survie à deux ans sans récidive a été de 57/160 cas (35.6%). Les meilleures survies ont été obtenues chez les enfants endessous de 1 an (74%) et pour les tumeurs aux stades I (100%), II (74%) et IV-S (75%). La survie est également meilleure pour les tumeurs localisées au cou (100%), au petit bassin (100%) et dans le médiastin (75%). Les pourcentages de survie sont faibles pour les malades âgés de plus de 2 ans (13–17%), pour les tumeurs abdominales (28%), et pour les tumeurs aux stades III (34%) et IV (10%). Si la chimio- et la radiothérapie ont un effet thérapeutique sur les neuroblastomes, elles n’ont cependant pas augmenté les chances de survie. L’immunothérapie est inefficace. Il n’y a malheureusement, à l’heure actuelle, aucun agent chimiothérapique qui ait une réelle action curative sur ce type de tumeur.
    Notes: Abstract Neuroblastoma was observed in 160 patients from 1948–1978. Ninety-seven patients were boys and 63 were girls. At diagnosis, 74 patients were less than 2 years of age, 28 between 2–3 years, and 58 over 3 years. Sixty-two (38%) patients had localized disease, while 98 (62%) had metastases. Patients were grouped by extent of disease according to the staging criteria of Evans et al.: stage I (5), stage II (31), stage III (26), stage IV (82), stage IV-S (16). Tumors occurred in the neck (3), mediastinum (16), abdomen (136), and pelvis (3). Clinical findings often included abdominal mass, weight loss, anemia, bone pain, and proptosis. Six patients had diarrhea and 3 had cerebellar ataxia and nystagmus. Lesions were often calcified (〉50%), and bone marrow aspirate frequently demonstrated tumor clumps (rosettes). Urinary VMA was elevated in 85% of cases. Therapy varied according to stage. Stage I patients received operative excision alone and stage II patients operative resection with radiation for residual tumor and/or positive lymph nodes. Stage III patients were managed aggressively with operative resection (when possible), irradiation, and combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, DTIC, Adriamycin®, VM-26). Patients with metastases (stage IV) were initially treated with multiagent chemotherapy with late “second-look” or delayed primary laparotomy for tumor resection done in clinical responders. Two-year disease-free survival occurred in 57 of 160 patients or 35.6%. Survival rates were best for infants under age 1 year (74%) and for patients with stage I (100%), stage II (74%) and stage IV-S (75%) tumors. There was improved survival in patients with tumors that occurred in the neck (100%), pelvis (100%), and mediastinum (75%). Survival rates were poor in patients over 2 years of age (13–17%), with abdominal tumors (28%), and with stage III (34%) and stage IV (10%) tumors. While chemotherapy and irradiation have improved tumor response, survival rate has not been improved. Immunotherapy has been disappointing. Unfortunately, at the present time, there is no specific chemotherapeutic agent that has a curative effect on this tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The gene that is abnormal in the X-linked form of the phagocytic disorder chronic granulomatous disease has been cloned without reference to a specific protein by relying on its chromosomal map position. The transcript of the gene is expressed in the phagocytic lineage of haematopoietic cells and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 267 (1977), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Photomicrograph of alveolar macrophages showing diffuse fluorescence (A) and polarised fluorescence pattern (cap) (B). Small arrowheads show cell outline, large arrowhead points to fluorescent uropod cap. (x400.) Guinea pig AM were obtained using the method of Rister and Baehner4, in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 52 (1979), S. 185-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were studied in peripheral lymphocytes from 16 patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. The mean SCE frequency ( $$\bar x$$ ±SE) for these patients was 12.2±0.2 per metaphase, which was significantly higher (P(0.001) than the mean SCE score for 14 agematched controls, 7.6±0.2. Five of these patients were studied again while they were receiving maintenance therapy consisting primarily of daily 6-mercaptopurine and weekly methotrexate. Their remission SCE levels remained significantly higher than controls (P(0.005). In addition, SCE levels were studied in 7 long-term survivors of ALL. Three of these patients had been receiving continuous maintenance therapy for at least 3 years. Their mean SCE scores were significantly greater than controls (P(0.005). The other 4 patients had finished their final course of chemotherapy at least 8 months prior to the time of sampling, and their mean SCE scores were not significantly different from controls (P〉0.10). These data indicate that untreated patients with ALL have increased SCE levels which remain elevated during periods of remission maintained with chemotherapy. However, longterm survivors of ALL who are in remission and off chemotherapy do not demonstrate significantly increased SCE frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Immunodeficiency ; hyper-IgM ; Hodgkin's disease ; cell-mediated immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of immunologic studies in a family in which the father (III-5) and his two daughters (IV-7 and IV-8) had the hyper-IgM syndrome (IHIS). Repeated immunoglobulin levels done on III-5 showed a typical IHIS pattern: low IgG, traces of IgA, and high IgM. IV-7, who also had stage IIA Hodgkin's disease, had a similar pattern except after irradiation therapy to sites of disease, when IgM dropped to normal range while IgG and IgA remained low. IV-8, on the other hand, had normal IgG and IgA and moderately elevated IgM until age 18 months, when she gradually developed the IHIS pattern. All three patients had normal numbers of B cells (sIg) and of T cells, although IV-7 had increased suppression. Finally, all three patients shared the A3,B7 haplotype and none was blood type O. IHIS is not necessarily X linked, is not associated with blood type O, and appears to be heterogeneous even within the same family. Inheritance in this family is apparently autosomal dominant and the father may represent a new mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Granulocytes of vitamin E-treated rabbits were compared to granulocytes from placebo-treated rabbits. Granulocytes were isolated from rabbit peripheral blood by a new method employing Percoll and gelatin sedimentation. Vitamin E-treated cells showed less adherence to rabbit aortic endothelium when stimulated with FMLP. FMLP receptor numbers and affinity were not significantly different. Resting cell surface and baseline transmembrane potential were similar in both cell types. Decrease in cell surface potential with FMLP was comparable in vitamin E- and placebo-treated cells. Vitamin E-treated PMN depolarized more and hyperpolarized more rapidly than placebo cells. Thus vitamin E-treated PMNs show differences in the early events of PMN activation. These may contribute to the lower stimulated adherence observed with vitamin E-treated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of 2-deoxyglucose (DOG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, on guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) obtained from peritoneal exudates was examined. ATP levels in PMN were reduced by 40% by one hour following an incubation with 2-deoxyglucose. When complement (C3) coated 14C-staphylococcus aureus, C3 coated lipopolysaccharide-paraffin oil droplets (LPSPO), 14C-pneumococcus opsonized with IgG, or albumin coated paraffin oil droplets opsonized with IgG were added to cell suspensions containing DOG, the phagocytizing rate was 1,310 ± 55 cpm/5 x 106 cells/15 minutes, 6 ± 2 μg paraffin oil (PO)/107 cells/minute, 2,250 ± 175 cpm/1 x 106 cells/20 minutes or 0.037 ± 0.01 mg PO/107 cells/minute compared to control values of 5,970 ± 275 cpm/5 x 106 cells/15 minutes, 35 ± μg PO/107 cells/15 minutes, 4,510 ± 200 cpm/1 x 106 cells/20 minutes and 0.067 ± 0.01 mg PO/107 cells/minute. In parallel studies the phagocytic index for latex was 0.74 ± 0.28 in DOG compared to control of 2.36 ± 1.13 and the phagocytic rate of albumin coated paraffin oil droplets was 0.029 ± 0.01 mg PO/107 PMN/minute in DOG compared to control of 0.048 mg PO/107 cells/minute. When ATP levels were maintained by the simultaneous addition of 5 mM glucose or pyruvate to media containing DOG, latex ingestion was improved to 1.15 ± 0.3 with glucose and 1.59 ± 0.64 with pyruvate and albumin coated particles to 0.045 ± 0.01 mg PO/107 PMN/minute with pyruvate. There was no improvement in the uptake of either the C3 dependent particles or IgG coated Pneumococci in media containing DOG and glucose and/or pyruvate. Following the removal of DOG from the extracellular medium and the addition of pyruvate or glucose, phagocytosis of C3 dependent LPS-PO was restored to normal values. Neither the binding of C3 or IgG coated particles to the PMN nor the lateral movement of glycoprotein utilizing concanavalin A capping was affected by DOG. Thus, the presence of DOG in the PMN containing adequate amounts of ATP will selectively and reversibly inhibit those surface events required for phagocytosis of C3 and IgG bound particles but not latex particles or albumin particles which non-specifically bind to PMN.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Superoxide dismutase, an enzyme which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radical formed during the univalent reduction of oxygen, was quantitated by observing the inhibition of cytochrome C reduction in three cell fractions in guinea pig peritoneal PMNs and monocytes and compared to alveolar macrophages. No differences were found in the 16,000 × g pellets containing mitochondria, membranes, and granules and representing 96% of total SOD activity in PMNs and monocytes but only 48% total SOD activity in alveolar macrophages. The 100,000 × g microsomal pellet of alveolar macrophages contained 8% of total SOD activity and two-five times more activity than the respective fractions from monocytes and PMNs. However, there was 70 times more SOD in the 100,000 × g supernatant from alveolar macrophages containing 44% of total enzyme activity than in the same fraction of PMNs and monocytes containing less than 2% total SOD activity. SOD activity is mainly located in the 16,000 × g particulate fraction of PMN and monocytes but more equally distributed between the particulate fractions and cytosol of alveolar macrophages.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The incubation of human leukocytes with ascorbic acid increased chemotaxis of the cells. In addition, ascorbic acid promoted the assembly of intracellular polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) microtubules as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Prior incubation of the PMN with colchicine blocked the effect of ascorbic acid on promoting microtubule assembly. Not only did ascorbic acid promote the assembly of microtubules in vivo, but it enhanced the assembly of bovine brain tubulin into microtubules in vitro as quantitated by a glass-fiber filtration assay and by promotion of viscosity changes. The enhancement in leukocyte mobility by ascorbate at concentrations achievable in normal tissues correlates with its ability to assemble microtubule organelles.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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