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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective development of a strong Th2 cytokine profile in high-risk children who develop atopy: risk factors and regulatory role of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The immunological processes in early life and their relation to allergic sensitization leading to a Th2 cytokine profile are still not well understood.Objective To analyse the environmental and genetic risk factors and immunological responses at birth in relation to the development of atopic disease at 12 months of age in a longitudinal study of high-risk children.Methods High-risk children were followed from birth till 12 months of age. Mononuclear cells obtained at birth and 6 and 12 months thereafter were analysed for their proliferative and cytokine responses after polyclonal and allergen-specific stimulation.Results At 12 months of age 25% children had developed an atopic disease. Two atopic parents, parental smoking and atopic dermatitis of at least one of the parents were significant risk factors. In cord blood of newborns who developed atopy, an increased percentage of CD4+CD45RO+ cells and an increased polyclonal-stimulated proliferation were observed. Furthermore, an impaired allergen-induced, but not polyclonal-stimulated IFN-γ production was found, suggesting a regulatory defect. At 6 and 12 months of age, a strong Th2 profile (characterized by increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) after both polyclonal and, to a lesser extent, allergen-specific stimulation was found in the children developing atopy. Allergen-induced IL-10 production at 12 months of age was only observed in the non-atopic children.Conclusion Our data indicate that the first 6 months of life represent a critical time window for the initiation of immunological changes resulting in the development of atopy. The selective development of a Th2 cytokine profile in high-risk children who develop atopy is due to increased production of Th2 cytokines, possibly caused by impaired allergen-induced IFN-γ production in the neonatal period. Furthermore, the decreased allergen-induced IL-10 levels observed in the atopic children at 12 months of age may result in a lack of down-regulation of the inflammatory process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01176.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble E-selectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and p75 in atopic children (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During inflammation, membrane expression of adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptors (TNF-R) are increased, and soluble forms of these molecules are released. This study analyzed plasma levels ofsICAM-1 and sE-selectin as well as TNF-γ, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 in nonallergic (NAA) and allergic asthma patients (AA), atopic dermatitis patients (AD), and healthy children (HC) by ELISA. Plasma levels of sICAM-1. sE-selectin. and sTNF-R, but not TNF-γ, were detectable, but were not significantly different between the patient groups and healthy children. In the AA group, a significant correlation (rs0.78, P=0.008) was found between sICAM-1 and sE-selectin levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between sTNF-R55 and sTNF-R75 levels in the AA group (rs=0.70, P=0.025) and in the AD group (rs=0.69, P=O.O27). In AD patients, a significant correlation was observed between sE-selectin and the disease severity, as measured by the SCORAD index (rs=0.73. P=0.038). Our data demonstrate that plasma levels of sICAM-1. sE-selectin, TNF-a, sTNF-R55, and sTNF-R75 were not different between atopic and nonatopic children during a stable phase of the disease. In AD patients, levels of sE-selectin seemed to be related to clinical severity of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03773.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro repopulation assays for murine haemopoietic stem cells (1992)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 2 (1992), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Erythroid repopulating ability ; Long-term bone marrow culture ; Marrow repopulating ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three assays to determine the repopulation potential of stem cells in murine bone marrow grafts were evaluated on their reliability with regard to the ranges in graft size. In vivo, marrow repopulating ability, as calculated from the number of in vitro clonable progenitors (colony-forming units in culture, CFU-C) generated by the graft in the femur of an irradiated recipient, appeared to be independent of the input over a wide range of cell numbers grafted. A second assay, erythroid repopulating ability is a measure of the number of new reticulocytes or erythrocytes in the blood generated by the graft, and significantly underestimates stem cell activity of the graft. The third assay measures the long-term repopulating ability of bone marrow cells in vitro on pre-established stromal cell layers by determination of the number of CFU-C produced in these cultures. Calculations of short-term in vitro repopulating ability, done from measurements of the production of non-adherent CFU-C in the first week of culture, appeared to be independent of cell input. Long-term in vitro repopulating potential, measured by the CFU-C content of the adherent layer at 4 weeks, is also independent of the numbers of cell input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426164
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transferrin receptor expression and the regulation of placental iron uptake (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 100 (1991), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: transferrin receptor ; placenta ; trophoblast ; iron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Placental transferrin receptors, located at the apical side of syncytiotrophoblast, mediate placental iron uptake. Regulation of transferrin receptors on the fetal-maternal exchange area could be a major determinant in the regulation of trans-placental iron transport. Transferrin receptor expression in cultured human term cytotrophoblasts is on a much lower level than in choriocarcinoma cells, with a higher proportion of receptors located on the cell surface. Differentiation of cells, either due to longer culture periods or to 8-bromo-cAMP treatment does not lead to an increase of transferrin receptor expression. In vitro, the level of expression is largely regulated by the cellular density in the culture dishes. Low cellular occupancy of the dish leads to a high level of transferrin receptors. Treatment with iron-sources results in a down regulation of transferrin receptors. Thus, though the level of transferrin receptors in cultured normal trophoblast is at a constant level, unaffected by differentiation, high levels of maternal transferrin-iron availability can lead to a decrease in placental iron uptake. This feed-back mechanism makes placental iron uptake independent of maternal iron stores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230807
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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