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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 72 (1968), S. 2250-2251 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 107 (1997), S. 259-263 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Previous northern studies of c-myc RNA downregulation during early cellular differentiation have shown reduced levels of mature transcript within 6–24 h, attributed to attenuation of transcription at pause sites downstream of the P2 promoter. The transcription initiation rate has been shown to be decreased in some and increased in other such studies. We assessed the contribution of RNA trafficking to c-myc reduction during differentiation by examining the localisation and configuration of exon-specific transcripts, using oligonucleotide probes and fluorescent in-situ hybridisation, in HL60 cells induced to differentiate with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. A 2,4-dinitrophenyl-labelled probe to c-myc exon 3 sequences gave a strong cytoplasmic and nucleolar hybridisation signal in undifferentiated cells, which decreased markedly after 24 h of differentiation. Nucleolar staining for c-myc RNA colocalised with that from a probe for ribosomal 28 S RNA. The signal from an exon 1 probe specific for sequences upstream of the c-myc P2 promoter was much weaker, but increased in the nuclei of differentiating cells, which possessed unusual ring-like or lamellar deposits, outside the nucleolus. These deposits appeared faintly together with nuclear staining with the exon 1 sense probe but not the exon 3 sense probe in differentiating cells.These findings demonstrate that within the first 24 h of differentiation, full-length c-myc RNA, which is compartmentalised as expected for a mature transcript, is considerably downregulated but nuclear primary RNA continues to be transcribed from exon 1. This is in a configuration similar to that reported for unspliced transcripts and is not elongated into exon 3. Antisense transcription with these RNA morphological features also occurs in exon 1 during differentiation. These results indicate significant changes in the intracellular dynamics of c-myc RNA during differentiation and support transcriptional attenuation and post-transcriptional processes, such as splicing, rather than reduced transcription initiation as the primary mechanism of c-myc downregulation in the early phases of differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 30 (1998), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The short-chained type X collagen was once thought to be produced exclusively by hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. More recently, however, it has been found elsewhere, for example in articular cartilage. In the present study, the occurrence of type X collagen in the intervertebral disc has been investigated. Human disc tissues of varying pathologies were examined for the presence of type X collagen and expression of alpha1(X) mRNA by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization respectively. All samples of disc contained areas that were immunoreactive but to varying extents. In the disc itself, staining for the protein and alpha1(X) mRNA was seen frequently associated with cells of the nucleus pulposus, which were large and of hypertrophic appearance, most commonly found in degenerate discs, and also in areas of disorganized architecture, such as clefts. In addition, type X collagen, both protein and mRNA, was found in regions of the cartilage end-plate, which calcify ectopically in scoliotic patients. We suggest that type X collagen production may be a response of disc tissue cells to a stimulus, such as altered loading. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1260-1268 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP) show diverse mechanical property behavior in the published literature. The main objectives of this work were: to investigate the effect of viscosity of the component phases on the mechanical properties of such blends and to use the results to obtain a method for compatibilizing diaper manufacturing waste. The significant result of the study was that although LLDPE/PP blends are often termed “incompatible,” when viscosity of the components was more closely matched to each other, increases of as much as 50% in tensile strength and modulus were observed over the “rule of mixtures” line. Also, scanning electron microscopy then showed a more diffuse interface between the component phases. Three dimensional views of plots of viscosity ratio of the blend components as a function of temperature and shear rate were used to demonstrate the closer matching of viscosities for the blend components of the higher performing blends. In processing diaper manufacturing waste, addition of a high molecular weight PP in a manufacturing scale single screw extruder, to provide a closer match of viscosities of the blend components, significantly improved mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1411-1421 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It was demonstrated by ESR spectroscopy that the Fe+2/H2O2 system gave a reactive species which generated an ESR triplet spectrum or sorbitol similar to that generated by hydroxyl radicals from the Ti+3/H3O2 system. An ESR spectrum was obtained for the hydroxyl radicals generated by the latter system. However, the lifetime of hydroxyl radicals, generated by the Fe+2/H2O2 system, was apparently very short, and an ESR spectrum for the hydroxyl radicals, generated by this system, was not observed. The Fe+2/H2O2 system also generated triplet spectra with cotton cellulose I, cotton cellulose II, and microcrystalline cellulose, suggesting that a hydrogen atom had been abstracted from the hydroxyl group on carbon C6, or possibly the hydrogen atom on carbon C5. The ESR spectrum generated on microcrystalline cellulose was less intense than those generated on cellulose I and II. On initiation of graft polymerization of the activated cellulose with acrylonitrile, the triplet spectrum disappeared and was replaced by two strong singlet spectra. One of the singlet spectra was likely generated on carbon C1 or C4 on depolymerization of the cellulose molecule, and the other was probably generated on the end of the growing polyacrylonitrile molecular chain. The absence of a triplet spectrum gave direct evidence for the order in which the acrylonitrile monomer was being grafted onto the cellulose molecule. The mechanisms proposed by Haber and Weiss for the reactions generated in the Fe+2/H2O2 system were generally supported.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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