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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamate Transport in Large Muscle Fibres of Balanus nubilus (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The uptake of glutamate and other acidic amino acids into barnacle single muscle fibres has been characterized. The uptake of glutamate consists of two components, one Na-independent and one Na-dependent. The Na-dependent uptake is saturable (half-maximal at 250 μM external glutamate) and is inhibited by a variety of analogues of which L-cysteate and D- and L-aspartate are the most potent. These amino acids are also transported into the muscle in a Na-dependent manner. The excitatory agonists kainate, quisqualate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate do not inhibit or affect uptake in any way. Progressive replacement of external Na by choline reduces uptake with very little effect on the apparent affinity for glutamate, suggesting that Na and glutamate bind to the transporter independently. The kinetics of activation are consistent with a requirement for at least two Na ions. Na activation of glutamate uptake can be inhibited by guanidinium with kinetics that are consistent with competitive inhibition at the Na binding site. Studies on the efflux of L-glutamate and other analogues have shown that efflux rates are only slightly increased by the removal of Na and do not seem to be affected in any clear manner by external levels of acidic amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb13235.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyrosine Hydroxylase in “Leaky” Adrenal Medullary Cells: Evidence for In Situ Phosphorylation by Separate Ca2+ and Cyclic AMP-Dependent Systems (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 43 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The systems responsible for phosphorylating tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis, were investigated in situ in adrenal medullary cells made permeable to solutes of up to 1,000 dalton by exposure to brief intense electric fields. Two different phosphorylation systems were found. One is dependent on Ca2+, the other on cyclic AMP. The Ca2+-dependent system is half-maximally activated by 1-2 μM Ca2+ and 0.5 mM ATP, and follows a time course similar to that of secretion of catecholamines. Trifluoperazine (0.1 mM) does not inhibit significantly Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in situ. The cyclic AMP-dependent system is half-maximally activated by addition of 0.5 μM cyclic AMP and about 0.3 mM ATP. Ca2+-dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylations of tyrosine hydroxylase have roughly the same time course and are additive under conditions where one system is already saturated. Peptide maps of immunoprecipitated tyrosine hydroxylase, after in situ phosphorylation of the enzyme either in the presence of 10−8M Ca2+ plus 2 × 10−5M cyclic AMP or of 10−5M Ca2+, show a marked difference indicating that the enzyme contains several phosphorylation sites. At least one of these sites is phosphorylated only by the Ca2+-dependent system, whereas the other site(s) are phosphorylated by both the Ca2+- and cyclic AMP-dependent systems. The effect of in situ phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase on its enzymatic activity was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12784.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of carbon dioxide on level of ionised calcium in squid axons (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 273 (1978), S. 160-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Axons were cleaned of adhering small nerve fibres, loaded by microinjection with the calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin, mounted in a simple flow cell, and the light output monitored as described previously2. Axons were superfused with artificial seawater containing (mM) : Nad, 432.5; MgCl2 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/273160a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthetics increase light emission from aequorin at constant ionised calcium (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 284 (1980), S. 168-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Figure 1 shows the simultaneous measurement of aequorin light output and calcium efflux from a squid axon. Application of urethane produces a reversible increase in light output which is largely independent of the calcium content of the sea water. The most obvious explanation for this observation ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/284168a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium activation of the cortical raction in sea urchin eggs (reply) (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 279 (1979), S. 820-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BAKER AND WHITAKER REPLY-We are delighted that Zucker and Steinhardt find no serious disagreement between their results and ours. It is unfortunate that one cannot be sure of the value of the free calcium concentration in physiological solutions buffered with EGTA to within half an order of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/279820b0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin stimulates sugar transport in giant muscle fibres of the barnacle (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 286 (1980), S. 276-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] D-Glucose is taken up and metabolised by barnacle muscle fibres. For this reason, the non-metabolised sugar 3-0-methylglucose was used throughout the present study. In addition to their sensitivity to insulin, 3-0-methylglucose fluxes in barnacle muscle show several features in common with sugar ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286276a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretion-dependent uptake of extracellular fluid by the rat neurohypophysis (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As large marker substances are taken into the nerve terminals, it seems likely that there ought also to be uptake of smaller molecules in proportion to their concentration in the external medium. If this is the case, the uptake of radioactive tracers might provide quantitative data on the magnitude ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250155a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nerve, synapse and muscle (1977)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 267 (1977), S. 291-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WRITTEN by his students and associates, this Festschrift volume in honour of Harry Grundfest contains a collection of recent studies on nerve, synapse and muscle. As might be expected from Grundfest's own interests, this volume ranges widely and provides fascinating glimpses of the ways in which an ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/267291b0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical modification of crab nerves can make them insensitive to the local anaesthetics tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 257 (1975), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have carried out a similar modification and found conditions in which nerves continue to conduct impulses. Axons treated in such a way have a greatly reduced sensitivity to both TTX and STX, suggesting that either the sodium channel or its immediate environment has been modified such that the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/257412a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-dependent exocytosis in bovine adrenal medullary cells with leaky plasma membranes (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 276 (1978), S. 620-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Ca-dependence of catecholamine release from intact bovine adrenal medullary cells in response to 510-4 M carbamyl choline (?), 510-4 M veratridine () and to a potassium challenge (O). Ordinate: catecholamine release normalised to that in 5 mM Ca. Catecholamine was assayed fluorimetrically by ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/276620a0
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