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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of lipid A: structural determination by carbon-13 and phosphorus-31 NMR of lipid A fractions from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli 0111 (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 25 (1986), S. 3570-3575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00360a015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Human Lactoferrin in Acute Dextran Sulphate-Induced Colitis in Mice (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of orally administered human lactoferrin (hLF) and two peptides, based on the bactericidal region of hLF (HLD1 and HLD2), on the course of experimental colitis. Acute colitis was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by giving 5% dextran sulphate (DX) in the drinking water. The mice were killed after 2 or 7 days of DX exposure. The animals were given hLF or the peptides orally twice a day (2 mg/dose/mouse) during the DX exposure. In the control animals, the hLF or the peptides were replaced by bovine serum albumin or water.The appearance of occult blood in the faeces and macroscopic rectal bleeding were significantly delayed and partly reduced in the hLF-treated animals compared with the control animals. The shortening of the colon, a pathological effect of DX exposure, was significantly less pronounced in the hLF-treated group compared with the control group. Also, the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in the blood were significantly diminished in this group after 2 days of DX exposure. A significantly lower crypt score was observed in the distal part of the colon in the hLF-treated group compared with the control group. Also, significantly reduced numbers of CD4 cells, F4/80-positive macrophages and tumour necrosis factor-α-producing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in the distal colon of the hLF-treated animals compared with the control animals after 7 days of DX exposure. A reduction was also observed concerning the IL-10-producing cells in the middle colonic submucosa. The HLD1 and HLD2 treatment, which was carried out for 2 days, only gave results almost identical to those of hLF, concerning clinical parameters after the 2 days of DX exposure. An even stronger effect was observed for HLD2, regarding decreased occult blood in the faeces and colon length.Our results show that perorally given hLF mediates anti-inflammatory effects on the DX-induced acute colitis, and further suggest that the bactericidal region of the hLF molecule may be involved in these activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01162.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray, ultraviolet, and synchrotron radiation excited inner-valence photoelectron spectra of CH4 (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 2536-2542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The inner-valence electron states of the methane molecule have been studied by means of x-ray, synchrotron radiation, and UV-photoelectron spectroscopy. Five correlation satellites have been identified and a detailed study has been carried out of the 2a−11 single hole state. For this state a Franck–Condon analysis has been performed, suggesting an equilibrium bond distance of 1.279 A(ring). The vibrational lines have a Lorentzian shape and the linewidth increases gradually with the vibrational quantum number. This probably indicates a reduction of the lifetime of the vibrational states due to predissociation. A discussion of the potential curves related to the correlation satellites is included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459880
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photoelectron spectrum of HCl and DCl studied with ultraviolet excitation, high resolution x-ray excitation, and synchrotron radiation excitation: Isotope effects on line profiles (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 7193-7200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The HCl and DCl molecules have been studied with monochromatized x-ray, ultraviolet, and synchrotron radiation excited photoelectron spectroscopy. Isotope effects are detected in the outer and inner valence bands using all the different excitation sources. These effects are used to describe the nature of the potential curves for the 5σ−1 state and various inner valence correlation states. The 5σ−1 state is shown to predissociate at 18.0 eV into Cl+(3P)+H(2S). The potential curves for the two outermost states in the 4σ−1 region are approximately determined. The outermost state is shown to be repulsive, whereas the second state, that corresponds mostly to the 4σ−1 single hole state, is found to be bound. One weak structure that must be associated with the 2∏ manifold of states is observed at 28.6 eV binding energy. Three structures at binding energies larger than 40 eV are reported for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455298
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibronic and electronic states of doubly charged H2S studied by Auger and charge transfer spectroscopy and by ab initio calculations (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 918-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Doubly ionic states of H2S are investigated by means of Auger and double charge transfer spectroscopy. From the kinetic energy distribution of H− ions arising from double charge-transfer of protons impinging on gaseous H2S several singlet state energies of H2S2+ have been resolved in the 30 to 50 eV energy region. The most intense experimental peak is narrow proving that the doubly ionized ground state is stable or quasi-stable. The LII,IIIVV Auger electron spectrum exhibits a number of well-defined structures which exhibit vibrational fine structure in the outermost bands. The assignments of the charge transfer states and of the Auger bands are given by ab initio MCSCF electronic structure calculations. We also present vertical double ionization energies, optimized geometries and normal coordinate analysis for the neutral, single and double ionized states. A vibrational analysis of the resolved Auger bands is carried out by employing a recently derived theory for vibrational decay of short-lived core hole states in polyatomic molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental and theoretical studies of the doubly charged NO2+2 ion (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 3553-3564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Six features observed in the energy distribution of H− ions arising from the single collision double charge transfer of 3–5 keV protons on nitrogen dioxide are interpreted as vertical double ionization energies of NO2 of 35.1, 38.1, 39.5, 41.0, 43.2, and 46.8 eV to form doublet states. Theoretical energies of the first 13 doublet and quartet electronic states of NO2+2 have been calculated by the ab initio CIPSI method at a fixed N–O distance and for several O–N–O bending angles. Thresholds and kinetic energy releases observed in dissociative double photoionization of NO2 are interpreted by comparison with the calculations and charge transfer results. The N- and O-Auger spectra of NO2 have been recorded and some of the 40 features observed have been assigned, confirming and improving the spectrum of NO2+2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454925
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An easy to build, high intensity monochromator for helium II radiation applied to inner valence photoelectron studies of small molecules (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 630-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An easy to build, high intensity monochromator for helium II radiation is presented. The design includes a double focusing, nonblazed, toroidal grating with a groove density of 800 l/mm. The adjustment and focusing properties of the design have been studied using an optical simulation program. It is found that all necessary adjustments of the grating may be performed by using only two degrees of freedom; rotation and sidewise shifting. Inner and outer valence photoelectron spectra of N2 and CO have been recorded using monochromatized HeIIα radiation. The study reveals extensive vibrational structures in the inner valence region of both molecules. A new state has been identified in the CO molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution and signal-to-background enhancement in gas-phase electron spectroscopy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2179-2189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The most important factors contributing to line broadening and background intensity in electron spectra are identified and new design principles for high quality measurements are presented. It is shown that time-dependent potential gradients in the gas cell are responsible for a large part of the "normal'' line broadening, while scattering processes inside the gas cell are responsible for a large part of the background intensity. By designing the experiment according to these results, gas-phase electron spectra can be recorded routinely at an instrument resolution level of better than 5 meV even at comparatively high gas cell pressures necessary to give high intensity for weak lines, and in principle unlimited counting times, at a much improved signal-to-background level. The resulting improvements in the spectral quality are demonstrated by spectra of Ar and HBr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143957
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upstream Pricingand Advertising Signal Downstream Demand (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of economics & management strategy 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers price and advertising decisions by a monopolist manufacturer who is privately informed about the strength of consumer demand. Consumers respond to advertising and to the retail price chosen by an uninformed retailer on the basis of his beliefs about demand. This signaling game has a unique intuitive equilibrium outcome in which a high-demand manufacturer chooses his full-information pair of wholesale price and advertising. When demand is low, the wholesale price is distorted downward from its full information level, whereas demand-enhancing advertising may be distorted in either direction. Dissipative advertising is not distorted because it is never used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00677.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Price Competition and Advertising Signals: Signaling by Competing Senders (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of economics & management strategy 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-9134
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Can price and advertising be used by vertically differentiated duopolists to signal qualities to consumers? We show that pure price separation is impossible if the vertical differentiation is small, while adding dissipative advertising ensures the existence of separating equilibria. Two simple, but nonstandard, equilibrium refinements are introduced to deal with the multisender nature of the game, and they are shown to produce a unique separating and a unique pooling profile. Pooling results in a zero-profit Bertrand outcome. Separation gives strictly positive duopoly profits, and dissipative advertising is used by the high-quality firm when products are sufficiently close substitutes. Finally, compared to the complete-information benchmark, the separating prices of both firms are distorted upwards when the degree of vertical differentiation is large, and downwards when it is small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2001.00621.x
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