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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 4-11 
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the efficiency of modifying epoxy resin using amine terminated poly(ethylene glycol) benzoate (ATPEGB) for improved toughness and to optimise the results of such a modification. Design/methodology/approach - For effective toughening, various compositions were made by incorporating different concentrations of ATPEGB. The impact and adhesive strengths of the unmodified and modified epoxy networks were characterised. Findings - The modification of epoxy resin using ATPEGB showed significant enhancement of impact and adhesive strengths over the unmodified one. The modification caused a chemical linkage between ATPEGB and resin which led not only to a phase separation but also to ensuring the intrinsically strong chemical bonds across the ATPEGB phase/resin matrix interface, which was the main cause to the improved impact and adhesive strengths. The optimum results were obtained at 12.5?phr (parts per hundred parts of epoxy resin) of modifier. Research limitations/implications - The modifier, ATPEGB, used in the present context was synthesised from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 600. Besides, it could be synthesised from PEG of molecular weight 200, 400, 4,000, 20,000 etc. In addition, the efficiency of modification of epoxy resin using these could also be studied. Practical implications - The method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improving the toughness of cured epoxy. Originality/value - The method for enhanced toughness of cured epoxy was novel and could find numerous applications in surface coating and adhesive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 184-189 
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the efficiency of modifying epoxy resin using phenol-nonyl phenol based polymer (PNPF) for toughness improvement and optimise the results of such a modification. Design/methodology/approach - For effective toughening, various compositions were made by incorporating PNPF at different concentrations. The impact and adhesive strengths of the unmodified and modified epoxy networks were characterised. Findings - The modification of epoxy resin using PNPF showed significant enhancement of impact and adhesive strengths over the unmodified one. The modification caused the formation of a chemical linkage between PNPF and resin which led not only to a phase separation, but also to formation of intrinsically strong chemical bonds across the PNPF phase/resin matrix interphase, which was the main cause of the improved impact and adhesive strengths. The optimum results were obtained at 10?phr (parts per 100 parts of epoxy resin) of modifier. Research limitations/implications - The modifier, PNPF, used in the present context was synthesised from phenol, nonyl phenol and formalin using oxalic acid as catalyst. Practical implications - The developed method provided a simple and practical solution to improving the toughness of a cured epoxy. Originality/value - The method for enhancing toughness of a cured epoxy was novel and could find numerous applications in the surface coating and adhesive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 32 (2003), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adhesive and impact properties of cured epoxy resins, modified with amine-randomised poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (ARPEHA) liquid rubber, as a function of the concentration of the liquid rubber, have been investigated. ARPEHA was synthesised by the reaction of the carboxyl-randomised poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (CRPEHA) liquid rubber with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulphone. CRPEHA was synthesised by solution co-polymerisation of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid. ARPEHA modified cured epoxy resins were formed by curing with an ambient temperature-curing agent, triethylene tetramine. The modified epoxy resins were evaluated with respect to their adhesive and impact properties. The optimum properties were obtained at around 12.5?phr (parts per hundred parts of epoxy resin) of modifier. Analysis of the fracture surface using scanning electron microscopy indicated the presence of two-phase microstructures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Polycondensations (condensation polymerization) are stepwise reactions betweenbifunctional or polyfunctional compoents, with elimination of simple molecules such as water oralcohol and the formation of macromolecular substances. Polyborate ester , formed by this process,gives ceramic materials during pyrolysis. Polymer pyrolysis offers an attractive alternative to thetypical high temperature powder processing approach in the fabrication of high-performanceceramics. This approach might also prove to be useful in the fabrication of fibers, coatings, andcomposites. It is within this framework that the present study was undertaken; its aim is thepreparation of boron-containing oligomeric precursors which gives boron nitride afterpyrolysis. The precursor was synthesized by the condensation reaction between boric acidand urea (or other N-containing reactive multifunctional compounds). The oligomeric precursorand its pyrolysed products were thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR,XRD, Thermal Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM). The elemental analysisresults of the oligomer are---- C-13.40%, H-5.97%, N-32.44% and B-17.09%. X-ray diffractionand TEM studies showed that boron nitride obtained from this system possess tetragonal structure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 241-244 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Vinyl ester BisGMA [Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate] resin has been modified byincorporating Titanium dioxide(TiO2)nanoparticles (0.5%-2% by weight). An ultrasonic mixingprocess was employed to disperse the particles into the resin system prior to casting and curing testspecimens. From TEM investigation, it is found that the particles are nano size (5-60nm) anddispersed throughout the entire volume of the resin. Dynamic mechanical analysis was conductedfor both the neat resin and nanocomposite. In dynamic mechanical analysis, nanocomposite showsincrease in storage modulus (6%), and glass transition temperature (5.8%) from neat resin system.Thermogravimetric analysis shows 7.5% better thermal stability. In addition, the nanocompositeshows enhance in the stiffness by 5% in flexural loading. The Tg and flexural modulus of thenanocomposites were enhanced as the particle volume fraction was enhanced and than decreased
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 195-198 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nitrides remain a relatively unexplored class of materials primarily due to the difficultiesassociated with their synthesis and characterization. Several synthetic routes, including hightemperature reactions, microwave assisted synthesis, and the use of plasmas, to prepare binary andternary nitrides have been explored. Transition metal nitrides form a class of materials with uniquephysical properties, which give them varied applications, as high temperature ceramics, magneticmaterials, superconductors or catalysts. They are commonly prepared by high temperatureconventional processes, but alternative synthetic approaches have also been explored, more recently,which utilize moderate temperature condition. Transition metal nitrides particularly, molybdenumnitride, niobium nitride, and tungsten nitride have important applications as catalyst inhydrodenitridation reactions. These nitrides have been traditionally synthesized using hightemperature nitridation treatments of the oxides. The nitridation temperatures are very high (〉 800-1000 oC).The aim of our work is to synthesize molybdenum nitride by a simple, low-temperature route. Themethod involves pyrolysis of a polymeric precursor, which was prepared from the condensationreaction between triethanolamine and molybdic acid. The melting point of the product is 180oC.The polymeric precursor and its pyrolyzed products are characterized by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction shows that molybdenum nitride(MoN) obtained from this method has hexagonal crystal structure. MoN is obtained by this methodat very low temperature (~ 400 oC)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The electrical conductivity studies of chemically crosslinked nano composite membranes consistingof poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) with different blendingcomposition and crosslinking density has been conducted over a wide frequency regime. Theconductivity of the systems has been studied within the temperature range 25 oC ø T oe 100 oC forthe hydrated membranes. The proton conductivity of the membranes was generally of the order of10-3 S/cm. The conductivity of these membranes shows a temperature dependence of Arrheniustype. The activation energies for the membranes were calculated from the conductivitymeasurements. Both the pristine and hydrated membranes were also characterized by X-Raydiffraction studies to observe the effects of blending and hydration on the crystallinity of thecomposite membranes. The membranes showed comparable proton conductivity and betterresistance to methanol permeability than that of Nafion 112 under the same measurementconditions. These properties make them good candidates as polymer electrolyte membranes fordirect methanol fuel cell application
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 333-336 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Red mud was organophilized by aniline formaldehyde and to know the effect of various fillerloading on the properties of PVA-Organophilized red mud composite prepared by a conventionalsolvent casting technique and comparison of the same with that of the virgin polymer, variouscharacterizations was done. The as-synthesized composite films were typically characterized byFTIR spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction.The exfoliation of galleries of organo- red mud was moreevident in the composite film containing 2% of filler loading.The morphological image of thecomposite materials was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscope(OM). The thermal properties measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that organoredmud enhanced the thermal stability of a series of composite materials freestanding films.Thedifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed increase in glass transition temperature andcrystallization of the composite films
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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