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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibroblast Growth Factors Stimulate Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Primary Cultures of Hippocampal Neurons (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are not only mitogens, but they also promote the differentiation of various cell types. For instance, basic FGF (bFGF) provides a critical trophic support for hippocampal neurons in culture. To elicit their biological effects, FGFs interact with high-affinity receptors that are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic portion containing a tyrosine kinase activity. The tyrosine phosphorylation pattern was examined in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons derived from rat embryos. In these cultures grown for 3 days in the absence of serum, the addition of bFGF causes a rapid increase of tyrosine phosphorylation for various proteins with an optimal level after 5 min of bFGF exposure. Concomitantly, bFGF activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activity measured with a selective MAP kinase peptide. The activity increased rapidly after the addition of bFGF and remained elevated even when cultures were treated for 1 h with bFGF. Both acidic and basic FGF were able to enhance protein tyrosine phosphorylation and MAP kinase activity, whereas nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor did not elicit any of these responses. These data indicate that some of the transduction signals (i.e., tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAP kinase) that have been described for the proliferative effect of FGFs are also involved when FGFs act as trophic factors for postmitotic neurons in culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64041541.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    l-Histidine Decarboxylase in the Human Brain: Properties and Localization (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The properties of the histamine-forming enzyme in human brain samples were studied utilizing a radiochromatographic procedure. The influence of postmortem conditions was checked with rat brains, and the results indicated that the enzyme activity is not altered in situ for a delay not exceeding 4 h at ambient temperature. Moreover, tissue blocks or homogenates can be stored at low temperatures for up to 3 months with a good preservation of the enzyme activity. The data indicate that histamine synthesis in the human brain involves the „specific” histidine decarboxylase (HD, EC 4.1.1.22) and not the aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase; (1) the optimum pH is 7.4 at 10-6m-l-histidine; (2) the apparent Km is about 3.10-5m; (3) it is inhibited by α-hydrazino histidine and brocresine but not affected by α-methyl DOPA. Moreover, a major portion of the enzyme is localized in a subcellular fraction containing nerve terminals and it shows an uneven regional distribution which parallels that observed in the brain of other mammalian species. Taken together these data strongly suggest that histamine could play a neurotransmitter role in the human brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb06278.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on a Capillary-Rich Fraction Isolated from Brain: Histaminic Components and Characterization of the Histamine Receptors Linked to Adenylate Cyclase (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 34 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A fraction enriched in capillaries has been prepared from the guinea pig cerebral cortex. The purity of this fraction was checked by light- and electron-microscopic examination and by its high enrichment in alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. In the capillary-rich fraction, the endogenous level of histamine was 1.9%’of that measured in the initial hornogenate. The histamine-synthesizing enzyme, I-histidine decarboxylase, and the metabolizing enzyme, histamine-N-methyltransferase, were barely detectable. In addition, histamine elicits a twofold stimulation in the accumulation of cyclic AMP in this capillary fraction with an EC50 of 5 γM. Agonists and antagonists of the two types of histamine receptors (H1 and H2) were used for the characterization of the receptors mediating this action: H2-receptor agonists were able to activate the adenylate cyclase with “relative potencies” similar to that found on typical H2-receptors, and cimetidine, a specific H2-receptor antagonist, competitively inhibited the response to histamine with a K1 value reflecting its interaction with a single population of H2-receptors. On the contrary, data obtained with H1-receptor agonists and antagonists reflect their interaction with H2-receptors rather than H1-receptors. Thus H2-receptors are involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase of the capillary fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb09960.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Histamine Synthesis in Brain by α-Fluoromethylhistidine, a New Irreversible Inhibitor: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: a-Fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH), a new potent inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase (HD), has been used for in vitro and in vivo studies of brain HD. Following a preincubation with (+)-α-FMH, brain HD activity was inhibited in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. The enzyme activity was not restored by overnight dialysis against standard buffer. The (–) antimer of α-FMH was ineffective. When injected intraperitoneally in a single dose of 20 mg/kg, (±)-α-FMH induced a complete loss in HD activity in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus as well as in peripheral tissues, such as stomach. At a dosage of 100 mg/kg (±)-α-FMH did not alter histamine-N-methyltransferase, DOPA decarboxylase, and glutamate decarboxylase activities. The maximal decrease of HD activity occurred after 2 h in both cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, but the time course of the recovery of enzyme activity was slower in the cerebral cortex. The enzyme activity reached control value within 3 days in hypothalamus and was not fully restored after 4 days in cerebral cortex. Contrasting with the diminished HD activity, a substantial concentration of histamine remained present in five regions of mouse brain. Thus, α-FMH is a highly specific irreversible inhibitor of brain HD activity and its efficacy makes it useful to study the physiological role of brain histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07858.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HISTAMINE SYNTHESIZING AFFERENTS TO THE HIPPOCAMPAL REGION (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 26 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Histidine decarboxylase activity is found in all parts of the hippocampal formation (subiculum, CA1, CA3 and area dentata), and a major portion of the enzyme is localized in a subcellular fraction containing the nerve terminal particles. The almost complete disppearance of HD (and histamine) after deafferentation of the hippocampal formation suggests that histamine synthesis in this region resides in terminals of extrinsic fibres. The results after selective lesions indicate that these alleged histaminergic fibres enter the hippocampus, like the monaminergic fibres, through a dorsal route (comprising fimbria, fornix superior and cingulum) as well as through a ventral route (via the amygdaloid area). The former was tentatively estimated to represent about 60% of the total hippocampal supply of alleged histaminergic fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb04474.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fecundity of the American eel Anguilla rostrata at 45° N in Maine, U.S.A. (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The northern portion of the geographic range of the American eel Anguilla rostrata may contribute a great proportion of the reproductive potential to this panmictic species because of apparent increases in average female size and female percentage with latitude. The regressions of fecundity on body length and on body weight of 63 female eels captured at about 45° N latitude on their spawning migration to the sea were log F= 1·2601 + 2·9642 log L and log F= 4·1646+0·9153 log W, where F is fecundity, L is total length (cm), and W is total weight (g). Length and weight each explained about 90% of the variation in fecundity. Estimates of fecundity from counts of aliquots of eggs ranged from 1·84 million to 19·92 million eggs for eels ranging in length from 45 to 113 cm, nearly the range of sizes of migrating females reported in the literature. Fecundities of the American eel were greater than reported in one study at about 37° N and greater than reported for the European eel, A. anguilla, shortfin eel, A. australis, and longfin eel, A. dieffenbachii. If a geographic cline in fecundity does exist in American eels, it is established anew each generation because the species forms a single panmictic population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02004.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracerebral Grafting of Dopamine Neurons (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 495 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23695.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are Neuronotrophic Neuron - Astrocyte Interactions Regionally Specified? (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 495 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23698.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour and swimming performance of elvers of the American eel, Anguitta rostrata, in an experimental flume (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Migrating elvers of the American eel, Anguilla rosirata, were examined in an experimental flume to determine the effect of water speed and presence of substrate on swimming performance. Use of the substrate as a resting area between movements increased with increasing water speed. The number of elvers moving in the boundary layer above the substrate was significantly greater than those moving in the water column. Swimming speed in the water column and along the substrate increased with water speed. Rate of progress over ground in the water column and boundary layer increased slightly with water speed initially, but subsequently declined in the boundary layer. Overall, swimming speed increased linearly with increasing water speed and net upstream progress remained constant with increasing water speed. Use of the boundary layer probably was restricted by the thickness of the layer as a function of water speed. The boundary layer should be used to maximize distance and minimize energy expense when migrating upstream. Elvers appear to use substrate to avoid free stream velocities and not as a medium for movement. Fifty per cent of all elvers tested in a chamber without substrate, which had no resting places, were unable to swim; thus migrations may be limited by the need to rest. The potential migration rate was estimated to approach 100m per day, based on movements in the substrate chamber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01290.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of medial forebrain bundle lesions on the responsiveness of brain histamine receptors: Biochemical and electrophysiological studies (1978)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 8 (1978), S. 402-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Although no modification in the cyclic AMP accumulation induced by histamine could be detected, a clear hypersensitivity to microiontophoretically applied histamine developed in guinea-pig contex after denervation. The existence of such denervation hypersensitivity for cerebral histamine receptors strengthens the hypothesis of a neurotransmitter role of histamine in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968648
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