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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 229 (1983), S. 33-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Ophthalmoplegia ; Ataxia ; Areflexia ; Fisher's syndrome ; Guillain-Barré polyneuritis ; Brain-stem encephalitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden sechs Fälle von Fisher-Syndrom beschrieben, wovon einer ein elfjähriges Mädchen war, und es wird die nosologische Stellung des Syndromes diskutiert. Aufgrund der klinischen Besonderheiten der Augenmotilitätsstörungen in den vorliegenden Fällen nahmen die Autoren als Ursache eine vorübergehende entzündliche Läsion des Mittelhirnes an. Dies wurde in einem Fall durch das Vorhandensein einer Zone mit vermehrter Dichte im Computertomogramm belegt. Eine Lokalisation im Mittelhirn könnte nicht nur die drei klassischen Hauptsymptome des Fisher-Syndroms erklären, sondern auch zahlreiche seiner Varianten. Es wird die Überlappung der eigenen Beobachtungen von Fisher-Syndrome mit der sogenannten Hirnstammencephalitis von Bickerstaff hervorgehoben. Manche Fälle von Fisher-Syndrom könnten somit einem entzündlichen Prozeß des Hirnstammes mit oder ohne gleichzeitigem Betroffensein von Nervenwurzeln entsprechen. Klinische und neurophysiologische Untersuchungen allerdings zeigen, daß in manchen Fällen auch eine periphere Schädigung vorliegt, so daß manche Aspekte in bezug auf die nosologische Stellung des Syndromes noch offengelassen werden müssen.
    Notes: Summary Fisher's syndrome was studied in six patients, one of whom was an 11-year-old girl, and the nosological position of this neuro-opthalmological disorder was reviewed. The clinical features of the ophthalmoplegia in these cases were reported as secondary to a transient inflammatory lesion in the mid-brain; this was demonstrated in one of the cases by an enhancing area on CT scan. This mid-brain localization could explain not only the classical Fisher's triad but also many variations of the syndrome. The overlap of our cases of Fisher's syndrome with so-called brain-stem encephalitis of Bickerstaff has been emphasized. Many cases of Fisher's syndrome could therefore correspond to an inflammatory process at brain-stem level with or without nerve-root involvement. Clinical and neurophysiological findings show, however, that there is peripheral damage in some cases, so that a neutral attitude needs to be maintained on the nosological position of Fisher's syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 234 (1987), S. 112-115 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Painful ophthalmoplegia ; Tolosa-Hunt syndrome ; Recurrent cranial neuropathy ; Guillain-Barré syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two patients are described who had suffered for 12 years from episodes of painful ophthalmoplegia consistent with a Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) alternating with palsies of cranial nerves other than the oculomotor (fifth motor and seventh on both sides). These two cases, as well as other similar ones previously reported in the literature, suggest that THS may sometimes be a variant of so-called recurrent cranial neuropathy, which is a benign and poorly understood clinical entity on an inflammatory or ischaemic basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 225 (1981), S. 197-206 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Mollaret's meningitis ; Endothelial cells ; IgG index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine 72jährige Frau, vordem bei guter Gesundheit, litt 2 Jahre lang unter den Attacken eines komplexen neuropsychiatrischen Syndroms, die 2 Tage bis 4 Wochen dauerten. Diese Episoden, denen Intervalle von fast vollständiger Beschwerdefreiheit folgten, waren gewöhnlich von Fieber, Kopfschmerzen, Verwirrtheit, Erbrechen, Ataxie, Anisokorie, epileptischen Anfällen und Nackensteifigkeit gekennzeichnet. Neuroradiologische Untersuchungen ergaben nur eine geringfügige Ventrikelerweiterung. In 13 Liquoruntersuchungen fanden sich Glucoseverminderung, Proteinerhöhung, beträchtlicher Anstieg des IgG-Index und konstante oligoclonale Banden; des weiteren ergab sich ein Anstieg polymorphkerniger Leukozyten, Lymphozyten bzw. epithelartiger Zellen. Da alle Bakterien-, Viren- und Mykosetests negativ waren und die Patientin wieder gesund wurde, betrachtete man den Fall als „gutartige Mollaret-Meningitis“. Die nosologische Einordnung sowie die möglichen pathogenetischen Mechanismen dieses seltenen Falles werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A 72-year-old woman, previously in good health, suffered for 2 years from attacks of a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome lasting from 2 days to 4 weeks. These episodes, which were followed by intervals of nearly complete recovery, were usually marked by fever, headache, mental confusion, vomiting, ataxia, anisocoria, epileptic seizures and stiffness of the neck. Neuroradiological investigation revealed only slight ventricular dilatation. In 13 CSF examinations, there was reduced glucose, increased protein, considerable rise of the IgG index and constant oligoclonal bands. There was also an increase of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes or epithelial-like cells. As all microbic, viral or mycotic tests were negative and the patient recovered, the case was considered to be benign recurrent meningitis of Mollaret. The nosological position of this rare disease, as well as its probable pathogenetic mechanisms, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dentato-rubral degeneration ; Ataxia ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Multisystem degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical and neuropathological data of a 50-year-old woman with an unusual multisystem degeneration are presented. Clinically the illness was characterized by progressive ataxia with ophthalmoplegia and multiple cranial nerve palsies. Neuropathological investigation showed a severe and selective degeneration of the dentato-rubral system, of the posterior columns and of several cranial nerve nuclei. The problems of differential diagnosis and classification are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 226 (1981), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: CT scan ; acute disseminated leuco-encephalitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A complex neurological syndrome, which rapidly appeared in a 54-year-old woman, created strong diagnostic difficulties. In fact, while the carotid-angiography was negative and CSF not significant, the scintigraphy suggested a multifocal metastatic or infarctual pathology. The CT scan easily allowed us to resolve the diagnostic problem, showing in the oval centres numerous enhanced areas which were consistent with a disseminated leuco-encephalitis. This case confirmed the opinion of the authors that CT scan may usefully contribute to the diagnosis of the demyelinating disorders of CNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome ; Painful ophthalmoplegia ; Ophthalmoplegic migraine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Tolosa-Hunt-Syndrom ist charakterisiert durch gelegentlich rezidivierende Episoden von völlig rückbildungsfähiger schmerzhafter Ophthalmoplegie. Die Pathogenese ist immer noch umstritten. Manche Autoren nehmen als Ursachen einen unspezifischen granulomatösen Prozeß in der Wand des Sinus cavernosus an, gestützt auf einige wenige pathologischanatomische Untersuchungen. Andere Autoren erwägen die Rolle von Autoimmunvorgängen oder spezifischen Entzündungsprozessen im Bereiche des retroorbitalen, perineuralen Gewebes. Es werden die Klinik, die Laboratoriums- und die Röntgenbefunde in 8 Fällen geschildert. Diese stimmen mit früheren Darlegungen in der Literatur überein. Darüber hinaus waren in 3 von 4 darauf hin untersuchten Fällen die visuell evozierten Potentiale verzögert. Dieser Befund zusammen mit der Feststellung, daß gewisse Analogien zwischen dem Tolosa-Hunt-Syndrom und anderen neuritischen Prozessen der Hirnnerven bestehen, könnte bedeuten, daß zumindest in einzelnen Fällen von Tolosa-Hunt-Syndrom es sich um eine „oculäre Polyneuritis“ handeln könnte.
    Notes: Summary The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is characterized by remittent and sometimes recurring episodes of painful ophthalmoplegia. The etiopathogenesis is still unclear and is an object of controversy. A non-specific granulomatous process of the wall of the cavernous sinus is claimed by many authors as the possible cause, on the basis of a few pathological studies. Other authors suggest the possible role of autoimmune or specific inflammatory processes localized in the retroorbital perineural tissues. The clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of the eight cases reported are in agreement with those previously described in the literature. However, the visual evoked potentials (VEP) were delayed in three of the four cases in which they had been studied. This finding, together with the observation that some analogies exist between THS and other well known neuritic processes of the cranial nerves, may suggest that at least in some cases THS may be related to an ocular polyneuritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 227 (1982), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cystic meningioma ; Cystic astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine 25jährige Patientin klagte zunächst über Gereiztheit und wies bald eine Parese des rechten Armes auf. Die Computertomographie des Schädels zeigte einen großen zystischen raumfordernden Prozeß im linken Parietallappen. Eine Arteriographie erlaubte keine Präzisierung, und es wurde deshalb ein zystisches Astrozytom vermutet. Nach vollständiger chirurgischer Exstirpation der Zyste ergab die histologische Untersuchung den überraschenden Befund eines synzitialen Meningeoms. Es werden die seltenen zystischen Meningeome der Literatur diskutiert, und es wird betont, wie nützlich eine Biopsie bei jedem Hirntumor sein kann.
    Notes: Summary In a 25-year-old woman, suddenly complaining of irritation and soon after of paretic symptoms in the right upper limb, a CT scan showed a large cystic mass in the left parietal lobe. As cerebral angiography was not helpful, a cystic astrocytoma was suspected. After total surgical removal of the cyst, the histological examination revealed, to our surprise, a syncytial meningioma. The rare cases of similar cystic meningioma reported in the literature are reviewed and the usefulness of biopsy on every suspected cerebral neoplasm is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome (ELS) ; progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) ; paraneoplastic syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Gli autori descrivono un caso di oftalmoparesi estrinseca completa insorta due anni prima della scoperta radiografica di un carcinoma bronchiale e della comparsa di una sindrome miasteniforme di Eaton-Lambert. Nonostante che i dati clinici ed ENG indicassero una localizzazione neuromuscolare dell'oftalmoparesi, ripetuti tests al Tensilon ed alla Prostigmina risultarono negativi. Controlli della TAC cranica e del liquor non dimostrarono né reperti di ripetizione neoplastica né segni di flogosi del SNC. Il caso rappresenta un esempio eccezionale di sindrome miasteniforme paraneoplastica limitata per lungo tempo ai muscoli oculomotori.
    Notes: Abstract An extrinsic total ophthalmoplegia developing two years before radiologic evidence of bronchial carcinoma and onset of Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome is reported. Clinical and ENG data showed the neuromuscular location of the ophthalmoplegia, but repeated Tensilon and Prostigmine tests were negative. CT scan and CSF examinations revealed neither carcinomatous metastases nor inflammatory CNS disease. The case is an exceptional example of a paraneoplastic myasthenic syndrome long confined to the oculomotor muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 7 (1986), S. 463-465 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Femoral nerve palsy-iliac muscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario In un uomo di 65 anni, sottoposto a terapia anticoagulante a basso dosaggio per un pregresso infarto miocardico, si è bruscamente instaurata una paralisi bilaterale del nervo femorale. Questa, mediante una TAC addominale, è risultata attribuibile a piccole emorragie nell'interno di ambedue i muscoli iliaci con conseguente compressione dei due nervi femorali. Il caso viene descritto per la rara bilateralità del quadro clinico.
    Notes: Abstract A man aged 65 receiving low-dose anticoagulant therapy for a previous myocardial infarction suddenly developed a bilateral femoral nerve palsy. An abdominal CT scan showed small hemorrhages in both iliac muscles with consequent compression of the femoral nerves. The case is reported for its exceptional bilaterality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 10 (1989), S. 85-87 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Brainstem encephalitis ; listeria monocytogenes-ampicillin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Gli AA. descrivono un caso di encefalite del tronco nel quale la precoce identificazione nel sangue della listeria monocytogenes ha permesso di instaurare precocemente un'efficace terapia antibiotica (Ampicillina e Gentamicina) e di ottenere una completa guarigione.
    Notes: Abstract A case of brainstem encephalitis is reported in which an early identification in blood of listeria monocytogenes allowed an effective antibiotic therapy (Ampicillin and Gentamicin) with complete recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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