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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance In Vivo Spectroscopy of the Metabolic Changes Induced in the Awake Rat Brain During KCN Intoxication and Its Reversal by Hydroxocobalamine (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 48 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Radiofrequency surface coils were chronically implanted in rats, which were subsequently subjected to 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations at 4.7 T. The implanted coil allowed study of the animals without need for anesthesia, which is a prerequisite for studies of normal brain metabolism. The animals may be kept in the NMR probe for several hours. During subsequent experiments, they may be placed in the same position, therefore allowing follow-up studies for periods as long as 2 months. This method has been used in the study of sublethal KCN intoxication. KCN, a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor, induces a blockade of cell respiratory processes, which is reflected, in a dose-dependent manner, by a decrease in phos-phocreatine content and pH and an increase in inorganic phosphate content, whereas ATP levels remain constant until high doses of KCN (6 mg/kg i.p.) are reached. 31P NMR allows the time course of these metabolic changes to be followed. For high KCN doses, a new peak, termed X, is observed, which is interpreted as being due to a pool of inorganic phosphate at very low pH (5.65), corresponding to a subset of cells that did not survive KCN injury. Hydroxocobalamine, a specific antidote of KCN, suppresses the metabolic changes due to 6 mg/kg of KCN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb05588.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feasibility of synchrotron radiation computed tomography on rats bearing glioma after iodine or gadolinium injection (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1487-1492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Synchrotron – Iodine – Gadolinium – CT – Brain – Glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of a new imaging technique called synchrotron radiation computed tomography (SRCT). This technique leads to a direct assessment of the in vivo concentration of an iodine- or gadolinium-labeled compound. Rats bearing C6 glioma were imaged by MRI prior to the SRCT experiment. The SRCT experiments were performed after a 1.3 g I/kg (n = 5) or a 0.4 g Gd/kg (n = 5) injection. Finally, brains were sampled for histology. The SRCT images exhibited contrast enhancement at the tumor location. Ten minutes after injection, iodine and gadolinium tissular concentrations were equal to 0.80 ( ± 0.40) mg/cm3 and 0.50 ( ± 0.10) mg/cm3, respectively in the peripheral area of the tumor (respective background value: 0.20 ± 0.02 to 0.10 ± 0.01). Correlation to MRI and histology revealed that the contrast uptake occurred in the most vascularized area of the tumor. The present study summarizes the feasibility of in vivo SRCT to obtain quantitative information about iodine and gadolinium-labeled compounds. Beyond brain tumor pathology, the SRCT appears as a complementary approach to MRI and CT, for studying iodine- and gadolinium-labeled compounds by the direct achievement of the tissular concentration value in the tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver by oblique sections (1992)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 14 (1992), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Liver ; Topographic anatomy ; Oblique sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs poursuivent une étude anatomique du foie appliquée à l'IRM, basée sur la confrontation de coupes cadavériques et de coupes en résonance magnétique. Cette étude concerne ici les coupes obliques par rapport à un plan sagittal ou frontal dont l'orientation est déterminée suivant des repères visibles sur les coupes transversales. Des coupes obliques ont été effectuées sur 10 cadavres, selon une méthode originale. Des coupes transversales jointives du tronc en congélation ont d'abord été réalisées et deux repères ont été reconnus sur ces coupes: la direction de la veine hépatique moyenne et l'orientation de la division du tronc de la veine porte. Les coupes transversales ont été ensuite empilées. Le bloc, ainsi reconstitué, a été à nouveau congelé puis débité en coupes obliques jointives, orientées soit selon le plan de la veine hépatique moyenne (coupes sagittales-obliques) soit selon le plan de la division du tronc de la veine porte (coupes frontalesobliques). Des coupes obliques en résonance magnétique ont été effectuées chez 15 volontaires sains, en général selon les mêmes repères veineux et parfois selon d'autres repères visibles sur les coupes transversales. Les coupes obliques en résonance magnétique peuvent être réalisées dans le plan de n'importe quel élément anatomique repéré sur les coupes transversales, pour préciser sa disposition. Les coupes basées sur des repères identiques mais orientés différemment d'un sujet à l'autre, doivent permettre de reconnaître l'anatomie individuelle du foie exploré. Les coupes frontales-obliques montrent bien l'orientation du tronc de la veine porte et les confluents des veines hépatiques avec la veine cave. Les coupes sagittales-obliques sont surtout intéressantes pour explorer la partie la moins épaisse du foie gauche et sans doute le lobe caudé. En outre, les coupes obliques font découvrir sous des aspects inhabituels certains viscères voisins du foie, en particulier le pancréas. Grâce aux coupes obliques, le trajet des veines qui participent à la formation du tronc de la veine porte peut être suivi à distance du foie. Les nouvelles techniques d'IRM, en réduisant considérablement certains artéfacts propres à l'exploration de l'abdomen, devraient permettre de tirer le meilleur parti possible des coupes obliques.
    Notes: Summary The authors have appplied magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the anatomic study of the liver by comparing cadaveric sections with those obtained with MRI. This study deals with sections oblique in relation to a sagittal or frontal plane, whose orientation is determined from landmarks visible on transverse sections. Oblique sections were made in 10 cadavers using an original method. First, adjacent transverse sections were made of the frozen trunk and two landmarks were located in these sections: the course of the middle hepatic v. and the direction of the division of the portal venous trunk. The transverse sections were then stacked and the block so reconstituted was refrozen and then cut in adjacent oblique sections oriented either along the plane of the middle hepatic v. (sagittal oblique sections) or along the plane of division of the portal venous trunk (frontal oblique sections). Oblique MRI sections were made in 15 healthy volunteers, mainly based on the same venous landmarks but sometimes on other landmarks visible on the transverse sections. Oblique MRI sections can be made in the plane of any anatomic structure located in the transverse sections in order to define its position. Sections based on identical landmarks differently oriented in different subjects allow for definition of the individual anatomy of the liver investigated. The frontal oblique sections clearly show the course of the trunk of the portal v. and the junctions of the hepatic vv. with the inferior vena cava. The sagittal oblique sections are particularly useful for investigating the thinnest part of the left side of the liver and also the caudate lobe. Moreover, these oblique sections reveal certain organs adjacent to the liver, notably the pancreas, from unusual angles. The oblique sections also make it possible to follow the curse of the veins participating in formation of the portal trunk remote from the liver. The new MRI techniques considerably decrease certain artifacts associated with study of the abdomen and should allow the most profitable use of oblique sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01794894
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver by frontal (coronal) sections (1987)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 9 (1987), S. 107-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Liver ; Topographic anatomy ; Frontal (coronal) sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Habituellement, les coupes frontales du foie en résonance magnétique sont moins utilisées que les coupes passant par les autres plans de l'espace. Des coupes frontales du tronc en résonance magnétique intéressant le foie, réalisées chez plus de 80 patients pour des indications diverses, ont été confrontées avec des coupes frontales du tronc faites sur 10 cadavres. Un schéma général de l'anatomie du foie étudiée dans le plan frontal a été établi. Les coupes frontales en résonance magnétique permettent de faire une très bonne estimation de la morphologie et du volume du foie, et d'en reconnaître les variations individuelles. Elles montrent bien certains rapports inférieurs du foie. Surtout, les coupes frontales en résonance magnétique permettent d'identifier la plupart des principales veines du foie, veines sus-hépatiques et branches de la veine porte et de bien étudier toute la portion rétro-hépatique de la veine cave inférieure. Certaines images vasculaires sont retrouvées presque constamment d'un sujet à l'autre sur les coupes. Le foie droit se prête mieux à cette étude que le foie gauche, en raison de sa morphologie et de la disposition de ses veines. Les coupes frontales du foie en résonance magnétique représentent un moyen privilégié pour étudier l'anatomie du foie. Associées à des coupes transversales, elles permettent de préciser le siège et les rapports veineux à l'intérieur du foie d'un processus pathologique, en vue d'une hépatectomie.
    Notes: Summary In general, frontal sections of the liver in magnetic resonance imaging are used less than sections passing through other planes of space. Frontal sections of the trunk in magnetic resonance imaging involving the liver, performed in over 80 patients for various reasons, were compared with frontal sections of the trunk made in 10 cadavers. A general schema was established of the anatomy of the liver studied in the frontal plane. Frontal sections in magnetic resonance imaging make it possible to form a very good estimate of the structure and size of the liver, and to recognize individual variations. They clearly show certain inferior relations of the liver. In particular, frontal sections in magnetic resonance imaging make it possible to identify most of the main veins of the liver, the main lobar veins and branches of the portal vein, and to properly study the entire retrohepatic portion of the inferior vena cava. Some of the vascular images were found almost constantly in the sections of the various subjects. The right lobe of the liver is more accessible to such study than the left by reason of its structure and its venous arrangements. Frontal sections of the liver in magnetic resonance imaging constitute a preferential method for studying the anatomy of the liver. Together with transverse sections, they make it possible to specify the site and venous relations of a pathologic process within the liver, with a view to hepatectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02086596
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mediastinum in sagittal sectioning (1987)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 9 (1987), S. 95-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Mediastinum ; MRI ; Anatomic sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 10 volontaires présentant un médiastin normal ont été explorés en Résonance Magnétique avec un imageur CGR 0,5 Tesla à aimant supraconducteur. La matrice de reconstruction est constituée par une grille de 256×256 pour un champ de l'ordre de 420 mm, soit une résolution spatiale de 1,6×1,6 mm2. Les coupes pondérées en T1 ont été réalisées en synchronisation sur l'ECG. Les coupes sagittales jointives sont corrélées à des coupes anatomiques sagittales réalisées sur un même sujet embaumé et congelé. Coupes IRM et coupes anatomiques sont réalisées tous les 5 mm et sont référencées par rapport au plan sagittal médian du médiastin. Des exemples de variations morphologiques, de malformations ou de tumeurs étudiées en coupes sagittales (extraits des examens de plus de 170 malades) montrent l'intérêt de cette incidence d'exploration.
    Notes: Summary Ten volunteers with a normal mediastinum were investigated by magnetic resonance using a 0,5 Tesla CGR imager with a supraconducting magnet. The reconstruction matrix consisted of a 256×256 grating for a field of the order of 420 mm, with a spatial resolution of 1.6×1.6 mm2. The sections, balanced in T1, were performed in synchronization with the ECG. The successive sagittal sections were correlated with sagittal sections made on a single embalmed frozen subject. The MRI and anatomic sections were made at 5 mm intervals and located in relation to the median sagittal plane of the mediastinum. Examples of structural variations, malformations or tumours studied in sagittal sections, and taken from investigation of over 170 patients, demonstrate the importance of this investigational technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02086595
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large inferior right hepatic vein (1993)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Liver anatomy ; Large inferior right hepatic vein ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intraoperative ultrasonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les vv. hépatiques droites moyennes et inférieures sont très fréquentes voire constantes, mais le plus souvent de petit diamètre. L'existence d'une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre, le plus souvent unique, entraine une variation dans le drainage veineux du lobe droit du foie. Les vv. hépatiques droites inférieures atteignant ou dépassant 0,5 cm de diamètre ont été recherchées sur 125 préparations anatomiques du foie : 70 pièces d'injection-corrosion, 32 foies embaumés au formol et sur des coupes du tronc frontales ou frontales-obliques effectuées chez 23 cadavres. La fréquence de ces veines a été estimée à 9 % sur les pièces d'injection-corrosion, 13 % sur les coupes et 16 % sur les foies embaumés au formol. Dans la littérature, la fréquence de ces veines varie de 10 % à 24 % selon la méthode employée pour les reconnaitre. naitre. Un balancement équilibré existe le plus souvent entre les vv. hépatiques droites supérieure et inférieure. Exceptionnellement la v. hépatique droite inférieure est prédominante par rapport à la v. hépatique droite supérieure. La situation d'une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre est constante, à proximité de la face viscérale du foie. Le territoire qui lui est propre est le segment VI, mais il peut déborder un peu sur les segments voisins. En clinique, l'existence d'une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre, reconnue par l'IRM et surtout repérée par l'échographie per-opératoire, permet de réaliser une hépatectomie sub-totale en ne conservant que le segment VI. Dans certaines circonstances pathologiques, grâce au développement des anastomoses entre les vv. hépatiques, une v. hépatique droite inférieure de grand diamètre peut contribuer à une suppléance circulatoire en direction de l'atrium droit.
    Notes: Summary The right middle and inferior hepatic vv. are very frequent, indeed constant, but usually of small caliber. The presence of an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v., usually solitary, produces a variation in the venous drainage of the right lobe of the liver. The right inferior hepatic vv. reaching or exceeding a caliber of 0.5 cm were investigated in 125 anatomic liver specimens: 70 injection-corrosion specimens, 32 formolised livers and frontal or frontal-oblique sections of the trunk made in 23 cadavers. The incidence of such vv. was estimated at 9% in the injection-corrosion specimens, 13% in the sections and 16% in the formolised livers. The incidence of these vv. in the literature varies from 10% to 24% according to the method used to demonstrate them. Usually, there is a balance between the right superior and inferior hepatic vv. Rarely, the right inferior hepatic v. predominates compared with the right superior hepatic v. The position of an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v. is constant, close to the visceral aspect of the liver. Its appropriate territory is segment VI, but it may encroach somewhat on adjacent segments. Clinically, the existence of an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v. as detected by MRI and, especially, located by intraoperative ultrasonography, allows performance of a subtotal hepatectomy leaving only segment VI. In certain pathologic conditions, thanks to the development of anastomoses between the hepatic vv., an extra-wide right inferior hepatic v. may contribute to a compensatory circulation towards the right atrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01629857
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Original oblique sections of the retroperitoneum: radio-anatomic basis (1995)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 17 (1995), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Retroperitoneum ; Oblique section ; Helical CT ; MRI ; Topographic anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs proposent une méthode de coupes obliques du rétropéritoine adaptées à la morphologie de chaque individu. En effet, la disposition des viscères rétropéritonéaux, comme celle du foie, varie d'un patient à l'autre en fonction de son morphotype. Cette méthode originale comporte deux incidences destinées à l'étude séparée du rétropéritoine gauche et droit. Il s'agit de deux plans de coupe verticaux, articulés par un axe qui se superpose à celui de la veine porte. Les auteurs supposent que l'orientation des viscères au sein du rétropéritoine dépend du développement du foie, ainsi ces incidences sont choisies grâce à un repérage en coupes axiales de la veine hépatique moyenne et de la bifurcation portale, deux témoins vasculaires de la morphologie du foie. Ces plans de coupe ont fait l'objet d'une étude anatomique puis radiologique qui confirme la fiabilité de ces repères et leur facilité d'application à l'imagerie moderne. Les images obtenues complètent l'Anatomie Topographique classique du rétropéritoine. Ces coupes obliques facilitent l'exploration radiologique des vaisseaux portaux et systémiques, des pédicules rénaux, des glandes surrénales et du pancréas.
    Notes: Summary The authors present oblique sections of the retroperitoneum adapted to the morphology of each patient, which affects both the liver and the organisation of the retroperitoneum. This original method involve two incidences for studying the left and right retroperitoneum separately with vertical sectional planes. The authors postulate that the orientation of the retroperitoneal viscera depends on the degree of hepatic development, so these incidences are chosen with reference to axial sections of the portal bifurcation and the middle hepatic v.: the two vascular landmarks of the liver. Anatomic and radiologic studies confirm the reliability of these landmarks and their easy application in modern imaging. Such new data improve our understanding of the classical topographic anatomy of the retroperitoneum. These oblique sections promote the radiologic study of the portal and systemic vessels, renal pedicles, suprarenal glands and pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01795190
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standardisation of 31phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy determinations of high energy phosphates in humans (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 68 (1994), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Adenosine 5′-triphosphate ; Phosphocreatine ; Age ; Training status ; Method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is described for standardising the determination of adenosine 5′-triphosphate and phosphocreatine concentration ([ATP] and [PC], respectively, in absolute arbitrary units) in human muscle by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The individual 31phosphorus (21P)-NMR spectra obtained on equal hemispherical tissue volumes (muscle plus skin and fat) were corrected for the thickness of the skin and of the subcutaneous fat. The volumes investigated were standardised using an external reference. The procedure described made possible the comparison of high energy phosphate concentrations among different subjects. It was applied to the assessment of [ATP] and [PC] in four groups of sedentary subjects (children, and adults aged 20–35, 35–50 and over 50 years), and in a group of athletes (volleyball players). The [ATP] and [PC] were not statistically different in the groups investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00244021
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of peak muscle power: effects of age and physical conditioning (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 68 (1994), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Muscular power ; Cross sectional area ; Humans ; 31Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; High energy phosphates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between absolute peak muscle power (W peak), muscle cross sectional area (CSAtot, i.e. the sum of both thigh and calf CSA) and muscle high energy phosphate concentration (adenosine 5′-triphosphate [ATP] and phosphocreatine concentrations [PC]) were studied in 47 subjects classified into five groups: A, 10 sedentary (S) subjects aged 20–35 years; B, 9 S aged 35–50 years; C, 9 S aged more than 50 years; D, 13 children aged 8–13 years; and E, 6 athletes (top level volleyball players) aged 24 (SD 3) years. The W peak was measured during a maximal vertical high jump off both feet on a force platform. The CSAtot was measured anthropometrically. The [ATP] and [PC] were determined by 31Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The W peak decreased with age, was 65% lower in D than in A, and 43% higher in E than in A. The CSAtot did not vary with age, was 45% smaller in D than in A, and 15% greater in E than in A. The [ATP] and [PC] were essentially the same in all groups. The changes observed in W peak were only partially accounted for by changes in CSAtot. Therefore, in addition to the variables investigated, other factors appear to have been involved in the determination of W peak with increasing age and training. An important role may be played by hormonal, particularly at puberty, and neural factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00244022
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