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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Brain and Language 26 (1985), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 0093-934X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 49 (1987), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: Intralysosomal hydrolysis ; TSH ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid ; cAMP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 223 (1980), S. 251-257 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Oral aluminum ; Neuropsychological functions ; Regular dialysis treatment ; Increased serum-aluminum levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von einigen Autoren wird als Ursache der Demenz bei dialysierten Patienten die chronische Zufuhr von Aluminiumsalzen angenommen. Es fehlt jedoch bis heute ein eindeutiger Beweis für die neurotoxische Wirkung dieser Salze. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die neuropsychologischen Leistungen bei Gruppen von dialysierten Patienten verglichen: in der ersten Gruppe war die Konzentration der Aluminiumsalze im Blute sehr hoch, in der zweiten Gruppe im Normbereich. Es wurden keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen nachgewiesen. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen nicht für eine direkte toxische Wirkung der Aluminiumsalze auf das zentrale Nervensystem. Es ist allerdings möglich, daß die bei den vorliegenden Patienten verabreichten Aluminiumdosen zu niedrig waren, um die neuropsychologischen Leistungen zu verändern. Immerhin ist es empfehlenswert — bis zu Erhalt genauer Ergebnisse über die Rolle des Aluminiums bei der Demenz der Dialysierten — niedrige Aluminiumdosen zu verabreichen.
    Notes: Summary Nine dialysis patients with significantly increased serum-aluminum levels due to chronic ingestion of aluminum hydroxide gels and eleven dialysis patients with normal serum-aluminum levels were tested neuropsychologically for generalized functions (intelligence, reasoning, memory) and for more specific abilities (visual memory, verbal and reading fluency, manual dexterity). All tests did not reveal any significant difference in neuropsychological functioning between the two groups. This finding seems to indicate that oral aluminum is not neurotoxic for man, even under circumstance of renal failure. This contradicts the idea that oral aluminum plays a role in the etiology of dialysis dementia. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that aluminum overload in the present sample was not sufficient to induce changes in CNS functioning. Thus, until the importance of oral aluminum has been decided, it seems wise to keep all sources of aluminum overload as low as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 227 (1982), S. 21-27 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Auditory agnosia ; Word deafness ; Auditory-evoked potentials ; Bitemporal lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case is reported of severe agnosia for verbal and non-verbal sounds without associated aphasic disorder. A CT scan revealed bilateral, temporal lobe lesions from two ischaemic accidents that had occurred 9 months apart. The search for subtle deficits in this patient showed normal sensitivity to changes in the intensity and frequency of simple sounds; in contrast, his ability to discriminate sound duration and musical note sequences was severely impaired. The simultaneous recording of the whole auditory-evoked response pattern revealed no abnormality in the early components, which reflect the activation of the auditory nuclei and pathways of the brain stem. However, the middle and late components were delayed and slowed. These results and others in the literature suggest that the neocortex in man, as in other mammals, plays an essential role in the temporal aspects of hearing. Also, the two main ingredients commonly recognized in auditory agnosia, i.e. word deafness and the inability to interpret non-verbal sounds, are caused by the disruption of elementary, bilaterally represented cortical functions which start the processing of every kind of auditory information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alexia without agraphia ; Verbal alexia ; Letter-by-letter reading ; Disconnection ; Visual word-form system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 47jährigen Mann trat eine intracerebrale Blutung infolge Ruptur eines arteriovenösen Angioms der linken basalen Temporookzipitalregion auf. Dies führte zu einer persistierenden Alexie ohne Agraphie. Auch die chirurgische Ausräumung des Hämatoms und der Mißbildung bewirkte keine Veränderung der Leseschwierigkeiten, die während vier Jahren konstant blieben. Die Lesestörung beschränkte sich auf Wörter, und der Patient war lediglich fähig, Buchstabe um Buchstabe zu lesen, so daß das Gesamtwort lediglich rekonstruiert wurde. Bisher beruht die Standarderklärung der Alexie ohne Agraphie auf der Diskonektionstheorie und der vorgelegte Fall verbaler Alexie kann innerhalb dieser Kategorie gedeutet werden. Immerhin wirft dieser Fall eine Reihe von offenen Fragen auf, welche eine flexiblere Interpretation nahelegen. Neurolinguistische Studien haben den einmaligen Charakter der Alexie ohne Agraphie als klinische Entität in Frage gestellt und sprechen — im Gegensatz zu der Diskonektionshypothese — zugunsten der Annahme, daß unterchiedliche Arten von Alexie auch eigenständige Syndrome darstellen, jedes davon mit seinen eigenen klinischen Eigenheiten und pathophysiologischen Grundlagen. In diesem Zusammenhang scheinen die Leseeigentümlichkeiten im vorliegenden Fall kompatibel zu sein mit einem Defizit des visuellen Wort-Formsystemes, wie es von Warrington und Shallice postuliert wurde: das ist ein relativ frühes Stadium des Leseprozesses durch welches eine Wortform oder äquivalente Einheit erreicht wird. Dieses System könnte im Bereiche der rechten Hemisphäre lokalisiert sein, wofür ein Argument im vorliegenden Fall, wie auch in anderen Fällen von verbaler Alexie sprechen würde: hier war eine Läsion der linken Hemisphäre erzeugt worden, ohne daß irgend eine selektive Erhaltung der Fähigkeit zum Lesen konkreter Worte nachweisbar gewesen wäre.
    Notes: Summary A 47-year-old man developed a persistent form of alexia without agraphia as the result of a haemorrhagic intracerebral lesion in the left inferior temporo-occipital region, due to the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation. Surgical evacuation of the haematoma and excision of the malformation did not produce any modification of the reading deficit, which remained unchanged during a 4-year follow-up. The reading deficit was restricted to words and the patient was able to read only letter-by-letter, so that the whole words were reconstructed from the auditory names of the letters. So far, the disconnection explanation is the standard explanation of alexia without agraphia and the present case of verbal alexia may be regarded as being within this overall category. However, this explanation meets with unanswered questions that suggest more flexible interpretations. Neurolinguistic studies have questioned the unique character of alexia without agraphia as a clinical entity and, in contrast to the disconnection hypothesis, support the notion that the different varieties of alexia that are traditionally described represent distinctive syndromes, each with its own clinical features and pathophysiological basis. In this context, the reading properties in this case seem fully compatible with a deficit of the visual word-form system postulated by Warrington and Shallice, that is, the relatively early stage of the reading process through which a word-form or equivalent unit is attained. This system might be lateralized to the left hemisphere, as suggested by the fact that this case, like other cases of verbal alexia, had sustained damage to the left hemisphere and did not show any differential preservation of the reading of concrete words.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Nervous system involvement ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six patients are described who developed a wide variety of neurological manifestations heralding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which included epileptic seizures, stroke, peripheral polyradiculoneuro pathy similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse my elopathy and multifocal disorders with remitting course mimicking multiple sclerosis. The peculiarity of these cases was that the neurological disorders remained the only manifestations of SLE for many years and the nervous system appeared to be the main target even after the development of systemic SLE. In five patients the prognosis was favourable and corticosteroid treatment led to prolonged remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Rheumatic heart disease ; Poststreptococcal nephritis ; Climatic and socioeconomic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ähnlichkeit zwischen Multipler Sklerose (MS) und nicht neurologischen autoimmunen Erkrankungen veranlassen zur Annahme, daß einige gemeinsame ätiologische Mechanismen im Spiele sein könnten. Das Problem der vergleichenden geographischen Verteilung von Multipler Sklerose und autoimmuner Krankheit ist wenig untersucht. Einige Forscher fanden eine ähnliche Zunahme der Häufigkeit der MS, rheumatoider Arthritis und rheumatischer Herzkrankheiten bei zunehmenden Breitengraden. Es besteht allerdings Zweifel, ob tatsächlich dieser „latitude effect“ als ein wirklicher Indikator von ätiologischen Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den genannten Krankheiten anzusehen ist. Wir berichten in der vorliegenden Arbeit über die Häufigkeit von MS, rheumatoider Arthritis und rheumatischen Herzkrankheiten sowie Nephritis nach Streptokokkeninfektionen in Sardinien, wo nennenswerte Unterschiede in Bezug auf klimatische und sozioökonomische Gegebenheiten bestehen. Die Verteilung der MS zeigte eine positive Korrelation mit der Verteilung rheumatischer Herzkrankheiten und von Nephritis nach Streptokokkeninfektion. Andererseits wurde keine Korrelation mit der Verteilung der Polyarthritis rheumatica festgestellt.
    Notes: Summary The comparative geography of multiple sclerosis (MS) and non-neurological diseases considered to be autoimmune is of great interest. But there are few appropriate investigations. Some have found an increase in the frequency of MS, rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic heart disease depending on the geographic latitude. Nevertheless, the significance of the latitude effect as an indicator of a possible etiological relationship between MS and these conditions has been questioned. In this paper, the frequency of MS, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic heart disease and poststreptococcal nephritis is reported from Sardinia where appreciable differences in climatic and socioeconomic conditions exist. There was a positive correlation of the distribution of MS with the distribution of rheumatic heart disease and poststreptococcal nephritis. On the other hand, no correlation was found with the distribution of rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 226 (1978), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Lid closure inability ; Apraxia of lid closure ; Anterior cerebral artery ; Frontal lobe ; Unfähigkeit zum Lidschluß ; Lidschlußapraxie ; A. cerebri anterior ; Frontallappen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die willkürliche Unfähigkeit zum Lidschluß wurde bei zwei Patienten mit rechtsseitig-frontalen Ischämieherden im Bereich der A. cerebri anterior beobachtet. Die Lidschlußapraxie war vorübergehend und entwickelte sich zusammen mit linksseitigem Zwangsgreifen und linker Hemiparese ohne Facialisbeteiligung. Der automatische und reflektorische Lidschluß war erhalten, ebenso wie die Fähigkeit, die Augen geschlossen zu halten und sie auf Kommando wieder zu öffnen. Bisher wurde die Fähigkeit zum Lidschluß meist als Apraxielähmung, motorische Impersistenz oder Zwangsblicken erklärt. Die Verbindung mit Zwangsgreifen und die Lokalisation der Läsion bei unseren Patienten spricht für eine pathogenetische Hypogenese mit Zwangscharakter. Es wird angenommen, daß die Unfähigkeit zum willkürlichen Lidschluß bei Frontalläsionen durch eine Enthemmung der forcierten Lidöffnung im Wachzustand bedingt ist mit überaktiver Wirkung visueller Reize, ähnlich dem „Zwangsblicken“ Zutts [19].
    Notes: Summary Voluntary lid closing inability has been observed in two patients with right-sided frontal ischemic damage. The patients developed a transient inability to close their eyelids voluntarily at the same time as a transient forced grasping in the left hand and left hemiparesis not affecting the face. Automatic and reflex lid closures were retained as well as the ability to keep the eyes closed and to reopen them readily on command. In previous reports, inability to close eyelids voluntarily has been attributed to apraxia, paralysis, or motor impersistence. The localization of the lesion observed in our patients suggests other pathogenetic hypotheses similar to compulsive gaze [19]. It is conceivable that the voluntary lid closing inability produced by frontal lobe lesions is due to the release of a compulsion to maintain the lids elevated in the waking state, because of the overactive effect of the visual stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La grande maggioranza degli studi epidemiologici finora pubblicati indicano che la prevalenza della sclerosi multipla (MS) in Italia è inferiore a 20 casi per 100,000 abitanti. Recenti indagini effettuate su piccole comunità della Sicilia, tuttavia, hanno rilevato indici di prevalenza assai più alti. Su tale base, è stato affermato che la frequenza della MS in Italia è sottostimata e che la reale frequenza della malattia è probabilmente simile a quella rilevata nell'Europa settentrionale. Questo lavoro riporta i risultati di una indagine intensiva sulla prevalenza della MS nei “consorzi socio-sanitari” della provincia di Ferrara. Tali consorzi aggregano comuni abbastanza omogenei per condizioni sanitarie e sociali, ed hanno popolazioni non troppo grandi per studi epidemiologici. La prevalenza totale della MS nella provincia di Ferrara è risultata essere 26,9 per 100,000 abitanti. Questo risultato convalida la tesi che la frequenza della malattia in Italia sia maggiore di quella comunemente indicata, ma non conferma l'ipotesi che l'Italia sia una zona di alto rischio per la sclerosi multipla.
    Notes: Abstract Most available Italian studies indicate that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Italy is lower than 20 per 100,000. Much higher prevalence figures, however, have been recently found in small communities in Sicily. On this basis, it has been suggested that the frequency of MS in Italy has been seriously underestimated and that the true prevalence for MS is probably similar to that established for northern European countries. This paper reports the results of a survey of MS in the various public health districts of the province of Ferrara. The public health districts are homogeneous medical units serving small populations and therefore represent ideal areas for epidemiological purposes. The total prevalence rate of probable MS for the whole province has been found to be at least 26.9 per 100,000. This result supports the view that the frequency of MS in Italy is higher than that indicated by most published studies, but not that Italy is an area of high risk for MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 4 (1983), S. 233-237 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: agraphia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Viene descritto un caso di agrafia pura dovuta ad una lesione ischemica del lobulo parietale superiore sinistro. L'analisi neuropsicologica delta scrittura indica la natura afasica di tale disordine. Gli autori discutono il ruolo rivestito da lesioni cerebrali diffuse e/o localizzate nei processi delta scrittura, sottolineando quello del lobulo parietale superiore sinistro, ritenuto un importante punto di integrazione sensoriomotoria del linguaggio necessaria per tale funzione.
    Notes: Abstract A case of pure agraphia, due to an ischaemic lesion of the left superior parietal lobule, is reported. The neuropsychological analysis of writing performances suggests an aphasic nature of this patient's pure agraphia. The authors discuss the role played by diffuse and/or localized brain lesions in writing function, emphasizing that the left superior parietal lobule in man may be crucial for the sensorimotor linguistic integration needed for writing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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