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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cinquante malades présentant un cancer de l'oesophage ont été traités par oesophagectomie trans-hiatale sans thoracotomie, l'exérèse étant suivie de l'interposition de l'estomac. La résection a été pratiquée à titre curatif chez 15 malades présentant une tumeur de stade I ou II et à titre palliatif chez 35 malades présentant une tumeur de stade II ou III. La morbidité postopératoire a été de 42%; elle a été plus importante lorsque l'opération a été pratiquée à titre palliatif. La mortalité fut de 2%. Les critères de sélection des malades ont été définis à partir des données cliniques, diagnostiques, chirurgicales, et histologiques. Les malades qui présentaient des tumeurs de stade III ou des métastases ont été exclus de l'étude. La différenciation entre tumeur de stade I et tumeur de stade II a été sans importance eu égard à la possibilité de l'intervention. L'envahissement de l'arbre trachéo-bronchique en cas de tumeur importante de la partie supérieure de l'oesophage e été considérée comme une contre-indication opératoire. La dissection délicate qui est alors nécessaire augmente les risques de ce type d'intervention. L'envahissement du médiastin pouvant Être apprécié avec précision par la tomodensitométrie, cet examen est indispensable. Dès lors qu'il met en évidence l'atteinte de l'arbre trachéo-bronchique, l'opération n'est pas envisagée. En revanche l'altération de la fonction respiratoire représente rarement une contre-indication et l'opération est bien tolérée mÊme chez les sujets âgés. L'oesophagectomie par voie hiatale est une méthode sûre de traitement curatif ou palliatif du cancer de l'oesophage quand les malades à opérer sont selectionnés avec soin.
    Abstract: Resumen Cincuenta pacientes fueron sometidos a esofagectomía transhiatal (ETH) sin toracotomía y con interposición gástrica por carcinoma esofágico. La resección fue considerada curativa en 15 pacientes en estado I o II, y paliativa en 35 pacientes clasificados como estados III o IV. La morbilidad postoperatoria fué 42% y la frecuencia de complicaciones apareció significativamente mayor después de cirugía paliativa que de cirugía curativa. La mortalidad fué de 2%. Los criterios de selección han sido definidos con base en la información clínica, diagnóstica, quirÚrgica, e histolÔgica de la totalidad de los pacientes. Los pacientes con tumores de la categoría pretratamiento T3 y aquellos con metástasis sistémicas fueron excluídos del estudio. La diferenciación entre las categorías pretratamiento T1 y T2 no fué de importancia en cuanto a la posibilidad de ETH. En caso de tumores avanzados del esófago torácico superior, la invasión del sistema traqueobronquial puede limitar la remoción completa de la lesión. La disección aguda, que generalmente es necesaria en estos casos, aumenta el riesgo de la ETH. Puesto que tal invasión puede ser reconocida en forma precisa mediante el examen del mediastino con tomografía computadorizada (TC), los tumores del esófago torácico superior deben ser tratados con ETH sólo si no existen signos de invasión del sistema tráqueobronquial en la TC preoperatoria. La disfunción respiratoria raramente constituye contraindicación y la ETH es bien tolerada aÚn por pacientes geriátricos. La ETH es un procedimiento seguro tanto para la resección curativa como paliativa del carcinoma esofágico, siempre y cuando los candidatos para esta operación sean debidamente seleccionados.
    Notes: Abstract Fifty patients underwent transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) without thoracotomy with gastric interposition for esophageal carcinoma. Resection was considered curative in 15 patients with stage I or II, and palliative in 35 patients classified as stage III or IV. Postoperative morbidity was 42%. The frequency of complications was significantly higher following palliative surgery than after curative surgery. The mortality rate was 2%. On the basis of the clinical, diagnostic, surgical, and histologic data for all patients, criteria for patient selection are defined. Patients with tumors of the pretreatment T3 category and those with systemic metastases were excluded from the study. Differentiation between the pretreatment T1 and T2 categories was without importance in determining the suitability for THE. In advanced tumors of the upper thoracic esophagus, involvement of the tracheobronchial system may preclude complete removal of the tumor. Sharp dissection, which is often required in these cases, increases the risk of THE. Because such involvement can be recognized accurately on computed tomographic (CT) examination of the mediastinum, tumors of the upper thoracic esophagus should only be treated by THE if there are no signs of involvement of the tracheobronchial system on preoperative CT. Respiratory impairment rarely constitutes a contraindication, and THE is well tolerated even by geriatric patients. THE is a safe procedure for both curative and palliative resection of esophageal carcinoma provided that candidates for this operation are selected properly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude prospective du suivi d'une série de 50 malades qui avaient subi une oesophagectomie par voie trans-hiatale pour cancer de l'oesophage a été conduite. La durée de la période post-opératoire étudiée est allée de 1 an à 5 ans (moyenne, 18.4 mois). A chaque contrÔle un examen clinique, biologique, radiologique comprenant une oesophagogastrophie barytée et une tomodensitométrie a été pratiquée pour apprécier la qualité de la vie et déceler une récidive tumorale. Chez 23 opérés (46%) une récidive néoplasique s'est développée au cours de la première année (exception de 1 cas). Les taux de survie ont été de 57% à 1 an, de 34% à 2 ans, et de 23% à 3 ans. La médiane du temps de survie a été de 15.7 mois. Chez 50% des malades la récidive concernait seulement le médiastin mais chez 50% elle s'accompagnait de métastases diffuses. L'exploration radiologique, en particulier la tomodensitométrie, a été plus efficace dans la découverte de la récidive que la clinique, la méthode permettant ainsi d'entreprendre au plus tÔt un traitement complémentaire. Les tumeurs de stade I et de stade II ainsi que les tumeurs bien différenciées ont été affectées d'un taux de récidive plus bas que celui des tumeurs de stade III et de stade IV et des tumeurs peu différenciées. L'oesophagectomie par voie hiatale offre une bonne qualité de vie chez presque tous les opérés et permet la reprise de l'alimentation chez la majorité d'entre eux; cependant le taux élevé des récidives implique qu'elle doive Être réservée aux malades à haut risque alors que les sujets à bon risque atteint d'une lésion limitée doivent bénéficier d'une oesophagectomie par voie thoraco-abdominale qui permet la dissection lymphatique.
    Abstract: Resumen Se realizó un seguimiento prospectivo en 50 pacientes consecutivos que habían sido previamente sometidos a esofagectomía transhiatal sin toracotomía (ETH) por carcinoma esofágico. El período de siguimiento osciló entre 1 y 5 años (promedio 18.4 meses). En cada visita de control se realizó un examen clínico, de laboratorio, y radiológico, incluyendo esofagografía con bario y tomografia computadorizada, con el fín de determinar la calidad de la vida y detectar recurrencia tumoral. Veintitrés pacientes (46%) desarrollaron carcinoma recurrente, todos menos 1 en los 12 meses siguientes a la cirugía. Las tasas de supervivencia fueron 57% a un año, 34% a 2 años, y 23% a 3 años. El tiempo medio de supervivencia fué 15.7 meses. La recurrencia tumoral fué inicialmente confinada al mediastino en 50% de los pacientes, en tanto que 50% tenían ya metástasis sistémicas cuando la recurrencia fué detectada. Los examenes radiológicos, especialmente la tomografía computadorizada, fueron bastante más sensitivos en la detección de la recurrencia tumoral que la evaluación clínica, con lo cual se facilitó la iniciación de terapia adyuvante apropiada en el menor tiempo posible. Los tumores en estados I y II, así como los tumores bien diferenciados, exhibieron una tasa de recurrencia significativamente menor que las de los tumores en estados III y IV y los tumores de bajo grado. La ETH provee una buena calidad de vida en virtualmente la totalidad de los pacientes y logra la restauración de la ingesta normal de alimentos en casi todos los pacientes. Teniendo en cuenta la elevada tasa de recurrencia tumoral local se sugiere que la ETH probablemente debe ser reservada para pacientes de mal riesgo y que los pacientes de buen riesgo y con enfermedad limitada se benefician con una esofagectomía toracoabdominal con disección ganglionar.
    Notes: Abstract A prospective follow-up was performed in 50 consecutive patients who had previously undergone transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy (THE) for esophageal carcinoma. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 5 years (mean, 18.4 months). At each control, a clinical, laboratory, and radiologic examination including barium esophagography and computed tomographic (CT) scan was obtained in order to assess quality of life and to detect tumor recurrence. Twenty-three patients (46%) developed recurrent carcinoma, all but one within 12 months of surgery. The survival rates were 57% at 1 year, 34% at 2 years, and 23% at 3 years. The median survival time was 15.7 months. Recurrence was initially confined to the mediastinum in 50% of patients, whereas 50% already had systemic metastases when recurrence was first detected. Radiologic examinations, especially CT, were far more sensitive in detecting tumor recurrence than was the clinical evaluation, thus, offering the chance to initiate an appropriate adjuvant therapy at the earliest possible time. Stage I and stage II tumors as well as differentiated tumors showed a significantly lower recurrence rate than tumors of stages III and IV and low-grade tumors. THE offers good quality of life in virtually all patients and is able to restore a normal food intake in all but a few patients. Due to the high rate of local tumor recurrence, it is suggested that THE should probably be reserved for poor-risk patients whereas good-risk patients with limited disease would profit from a thoracoabdominal esophagectomy with lymph node dissection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Embolism, pulmonary ; Vena cava filter ; Interventional procedures ; Thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose The Günther basket inferior vena cava filter (GBF) has been withdrawn from the market because of its mechanical instability, but a number of patients still live with the device. Methods In a two-center study, we evaluated the long-term follow-up of the GBF, based on clinical data in 78 patients, and on imaging studies including plain radiographs, Doppler ultrasound, angiography, or computed tomography (CT) in 50 patients. Results In a mean period of 3 years, pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in five patients (6.4%), with an overall rate of 0.02 embolic episodes per patient per year. None of these patients required hospitalization, and there were no deaths due to pulmonary embolism. Inferior vena cava thrombosis was documented in three patients (3.9%), and occlusive venous thrombosis at the access site in seven patients (9%). Spontaneous migration was documented in 43% of the examined filters and spontaneous disruption in 77%. Dislocated filter fragments were localized by CT in the adjacent retroperitoneum in 11%, in the aortic lumen in 2%, and in a peripheral pulmonary artery in 7%. None of the patients had symptoms attributable to filter migration or disruption. Conclusion Our results indicate that the rate of clinically relevant complications with the GBF is no higher than with other vena cava filters. Because mechanical instability of the GBF had no clinical consequences, we conclude that patients who live with this device may be observed and treated in a manner similar to patients with other vena cava filters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Choledochocele ; Direct cholangiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of choledochocele associated with choledocholithiasis. The patient became symptomatic when a gallstone was trapped within the choledochocele, causing intermittent biliary obstruction. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) provided the diagnosis and endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed for definite non-operative treatment. The lesion could not be identified on ultrasound even after its demonstration by ERC. The importance of direct cholangiography in the diagnosis of a choledochocele is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 11 (1986), S. 47-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Acalculous cholecystitis ; Postoperative cholecystitis ; Ultrasound, cholecystitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eleven patients were examined by ultrasound before undergoing cholecystectomy (n=9) or cholecystostomy (n=2) for acalculous cholecystitis after abdominal surgery. The ultrasound images were analyzed retrospectively and compared with the surgical and histologic findings. The results indicate several established ultrasound criteria of cholecystitis to be less reliable than usual. Although 10 of 11 patients were on parenteral hyperalimentation, gross distention of the gallbladder was observed in only 3. In 4 of 7 patients, in whom pericholecystic fluid was observed, no gallbladder perforation was found at surgery. However, thickening of the gallbladder wall was displayed in 10 of 11 cases, combined with a sonolucent intramural layer in 6. Furthermore, intraluminal nonshadowing echogenic densities correlated with empyema or hemorrhage in 5 of 8 cases. In conclusion, despite several limitations, ultrasound can be of considerable help when one is deciding to perform repeat laparotomy when acalculous cholecystitis is suspected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 11 (1986), S. 305-311 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Hepatic veins, thrombosis ; Budd-Chiari syndrome, diagnosis ; Hepatic veins, CT and sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hepatic vein occlusion causes morphologic changes that can be demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. In this study the imaging findings of acute, subacute, and chronic occlusion of the hepatic veins were analyzed retrospectively in 9 patients and correlated with the histopathologic changes. The CT findings were focal or scattered hypodense parenchymal lesions of the liver before and a patchy enhancement after intravenous bolus injection of contrast material. In none of the cases could the hepatic veins be identified. Hepatomegaly with relative enlargement of the caudate lobe was almost always observed. Ultrasonography demonstrated solid material within the major hepatic veins, intrahepatic venous collaterals, and focal parenchymal lesions, which varied with the stage of the disease: a hypoechogenic area was observed in acute hepatic vein thombosis with subsequent hemorrhagic infarction; hyperechogenic lesions corresponded with fibrotic zones in chronic disease. Ascites was shown by both methods in all patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Intravenous cholangiography ; Biliarytract, diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty academic radiology departments active in biliary imaging were surveyed to document how frequently intravenous cholangiography (IVC) was being performed. Over a 10-year period the number of examinations has decreased precipitously from approximately 1728 in 1976 to 8 in 1986. This coincides with the increased availability of alternative procedures. The availability of new contrast agents with improved diagnostic yield and decreased toxicity suggests that its use may have been prematurely abandoned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 9 (1984), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Gas-containing gallstones ; Sonography of gallstones ; CT of gallstones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diagnostic features of gas-containing gallstones on sonography and CT in 6 patients and the in vitro findings in 30 gas-containing gallstones are analyzed. On plain abdominal radiography, the stellate appearance of gas collections, though infrequent, is quite characteristic. On real-time sonography, gas-containing calculi can be observed to float within bile. Furthermore, larger gas collections within gallstones can be identified since they produce high-level echoes in the acoustic shadow of the stone, probably due to sound reverberation. These phenomena, although interesting, do not interfere with the high accuracy of sonography in the detection of gallstones. CT detects gallstones when their density differs from that of bile. Due to high-density resolution, even minute gas collections are displayed and can reveal gallstones with an isodense matrix. However, under routine abdominal scanning conditions (8 mm collimation), the gas collections often appear round or ovoid, because spatial resolution is inferior to that on plain radiography. This fact should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gas collections in the gallbladder region found on CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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