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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVOKED CORTICAL RESPONSES TO AFFECTIVE VISUAL STIMULI (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 3 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The influence of affective meaning on visual evoked responses was investigated in male college students. By utilization of conditioning procedures, previously meaningless figures (CS) acquired affective loadings, e.g., positive, negative, and neutral. The semantic differential scale and critical flicker interval (CFI) were used as indices of conditioning. Although conditioning occurred without awareness, both measures of conditioning yielded results in the same direction, and all three affective conditions differed significantly from one another. Averaged evoked responses were obtained for each affective stimulus. Amplitudes were found to differ significantly from one another in all three conditions, the unpleasant stimulus eliciting the lowest evoked response, and the neutral condition evoking the highest amplitude. Significantly shorter latencies were obtained for the unpleasant stimulus, whereas the latencies of the positive and neutral stimuli did not differ significantly from each other. The results suggest a direct influence of the emotional centers (limbic system) on the visual perception of affective stimuli. Further studies were suggested to clarify the role of awareness and the specific modalities involved in conditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02717.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CORTICAL EVOKED POTENTIALS TO SEMANTIC STIMULI (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 6 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The influence of affective meaning on the photically evoked response was studied in male college students. Three sets of stimuli were used: taboo words, neutral words, and blank flashes. Two blocks of trials were run for each stimulus, one in which the S responded by calling the stimulus presented, and a second in which the S was not required to respond.The late components of the evoked potential were significantly related to both the stimulus and response conditions. Amplitude 2 was larger for the taboo words than for either the neutral words or the blank flash. The taboo words had a significantly greater amplitude 3 than neutral words, and both sets of words had higher amplitude 3 than the blank flash. The stimulus effect was discussed in terms of the possible influence of anatomical structures involved in emotional behavior on the visual evoked response. The response effect was felt to be the result of the increased attention required under the response condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1969.tb02887.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P300 hemispheric amplitude asymmetries from a visual oddball task (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The P3(00) event-related potential (ERP) was elicited in 80 normal, right-handed male subjects using a simple visual discrimination task, with electroencephalographic (EEG) activity recorded at 19 electrodes. P3 amplitude was larger over the right than over the left hemisphere electrode sites primarily at anteromedial locations (F3/4, C3/4) for target, novel, and standard stimuli. The N1, P2, and N2 components also demonstrated hemispheric asymmetries. The strongest P3 hemispheric asymmetries for all stimuli were observed at anterior locations, suggesting a frontal right hemisphere localization for initial stimulus processing, although target stimuli produced larger P3 amplitudes at parietal locations than did novel stimuli. The relationships of hemispheric asymmetries to anatomical variables, background EEG activity, and neurocognitive factors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb02098.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF AWARENESS ON CORTICAL EVOKED POTENTIALS TO CONDITIONED AFFECTIVE STIMULI (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 5 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: A previous paper of ours (Begleiter, Gross, & Kissin, 1967) demonstrated that it was possible to condition affective meaning to meaningless figures (CS), and significantly alter visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitudes and latencies to them, without the S's awareness of the CS–UCS relationship (Experiment I, totally unaware). In the present study some Ss were deliberately informed that a CS–UCS connection existed; however, the exact nature of their relationship was not divulged (Experiment II, slightly aware). Other Ss were explicitly informed of the correct CS–UCS contingency, and entire conditioning paradigm (Experiment III, fully aware). One physiological (VEP) and two behavioral (interflash interval and semantic differential) indices of conditioning were obtained during an extinction procedure, and demonstrated significant differences between CRs in Experiment II, but none in Experiment III. VEP amplitudes to positive and negative CSs were enhanced in Experiment II, and suppressed in Experiment I, in comparison to the neutral CS. This effect was most marked in responses to the negative CS. It is suggested that level of awareness of the CS–UCS contingency might be reflected in our physiological index of conditioning - VEP amplitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1969.tb02854.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effects of Stimulus Expectancy on Evoked Brain Potentials (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 12 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The effects of self-generated expectancy of stimulus content on the visual evoked potential to physically identical stimuli were studied in college students. The subject set up his own internal expectant; by choosing to see either a bright or dim Hash. When a bright or dim Hash was anticipated, the potentials evoked by u medium stimulus intensity resembled the responses elicited by an actual bright or dim flash, respectively. Significant differences in visual evoked potential amplitude were obtained between identical medium intensity stimuli depending on the stimulus intensity expected, despite (he constant physical properties of the stimulus. 1 In1 results suggest that a subject's expectancy of certain physical parameters of a stimulus are as important In determining (he resultant visual evoked potential as the actual physical features of the stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01266.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitability cycle of somatosensory evoked potentials during experimental alcoholization and withdrawal (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 37 (1974), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alcoholics ; Intoxication ; Withdrawal ; Brain Hyperexcitability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been postulated that withdrawal from alcohol ingestion by alcoholics, is manifested by hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. In order to study changes in brain excitability in human alcoholics during intoxication and withdrawal, we used the recovery cycle of somatosensory evoked potentials. A recovery function was always determined in the morning (10 h after the last drink), during the three days of baseline, four days of alcoholization, and the four days subsequent to withdrawal from alcohol. Our results indicate a progressive increase of brain excitability starting with the intoxication period and reaching asymptote with the first day of total alcohol withdrawal. During the subsequent days of testing the recovery function decreases, approaching the level obtained during baseline determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426678
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in fixed-ratio performance and blood alcohol levels in monkeys (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 55 (1977), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Fixed ratio ; Blood alcohol concentration ; Alcohol ; Tolerance ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three female Bonnet monkeys prepared with indwelling venous catheters were maintained on a fixed-ratio schedule of food reinforcement until response rates were stable. The animals were then intubated with alcohol (5.0 g/kg) 30 min prior to testing. Blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were determined every 15 min throughout the 90-min session. Each alcohol intubation was separated by 3 days and on the second control day an isocaloric sucrose solution was intubated. The results show that the alcohol-induced response suppression gradually returns to baseline levels after 5 alcohol intubations, and the BACs were concomitantly decreased. The results indicate that the reversibility of alcohol induced behavioral impairments and changes in BACs develop within similar temporal intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497850
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Enhancement of Event-Related Potentials Using Multiresolution Analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Brain topography 10 (1998), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: ERP ; Brain's electrical fields ; Multiresolution analysis ; Denoising ; Local polynomial fitting ; Wavelet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiresolution analysis is a potentially useful tool to enhance the brain's electrical fields (spatial distributions of event-related potentials (ERP)), and to bring out spatial features which may not be seen in the fields before enhancement. For comparing different images (slices from ERP of different subjects or from the same subject but evoked by different stimuli), we define a measure (surface energy) at each decomposition scale and for different wavelets. The best wavelet and the best level for comparing the given images can be chosen based on this measure. Our experiments show that for very similar images, their difference can be brought out at some scale level. Three preprocessing steps are needed in order to carry out this wavelet analysis. First, a wavelet denoising step is needed to remove noise from the raw ERP. Secondly, a one-to-one mapping is needed to map scalp surface into a square, because the current wavelet analysis theory and algorithm are constructed on regular domains. Finally, a fitting or interpolation step is needed to construct an image on a regular grid in order to apply the fast wavelet transform algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022209209531
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Polynomial Estimate of Surface Laplacian (1999)
    Springer
    Brain topography 12 (1999), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Event-related potentials ; Local polynomial fitting ; Surface Laplacian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a method for estimating the surface Laplacian of brain potentials. The method consists of two steps: local surface approximation by its tangent plane and local polynomial fitting. Compared to previous methods for estimating surface Laplacian, this method has some new features. First, it can estimate the surface Laplacian at any point of the scalp, including the locations of the peripheral electrodes. Secondly, it estimates the brain potential and the surface Laplacian at any point simultaneously. This reduces the risk of error propagation, which occurs when the brain potential is interpolated first and the surface Laplacian is then computed based on the interpolated brain potential. Finally, the method automatically adapts to noisy data by using more or less measurements at neighboring electrodes based on estimated noise level. Simulations suggest that this method is effective. Application to event-related potentials are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022225522447
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trilinear Modeling of Event-Related Potentials (2000)
    Springer
    Brain topography 12 (2000), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Brain mapping ; Event-related potentials ; Topographic component model ; Trilinear modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a method for estimating a set of spatial components (brain maps) and temporal components (waveforms) of brain potentials. These components play the role of bases of a coordinate system, in the sense that the brain potentials of any subject can be represented as superpositions of these components. The representation is unique given the spatial and temporal components, and this decomposition is particularly appealing for comparing the brain potentials of different subjects (say alcoholics and controls). It can also be used for single trial modeling, clinical classification of patients, and data filtering. The method is based on the topographic component model (TCM, Möcks 1988) which models brain potentials in a trilinear form. We extend the TCM in two aspects. First, the diagonal amplitude matrix is replaced by a general loading matrix based on some neurophysiological considerations. Secondly, the number of spatial components and the number of temporal components can be different. The spatial components and temporal components are obtained respectively by performing singular value decomposition (SVD). This method is illustrated with visual P3 data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023455404934
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