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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the hydrophobic recovery of oxygen-plasma-treated polyethylene
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface & Coatings Technology 59 (1993), S. 356-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0257-8972
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0257-8972(93)90112-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Vergleichbarkeit kinetischer parameter aus isothermen und nichtisothermen TG- Untersuchungen
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 42 (1980), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(80)87116-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermogravimetric investigations on the kinetics of thermal degradation of polyoxymethylenes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 59 (1982), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0040-6031(82)87086-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis and kinetic concepts of solid-state reactions (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 33 (1988), S. 1267-1268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01912763
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formalkinetische Behandlung des Masseverlustes bei thermischen Abbauprozessen von Polymeren unter nichtisothermen Bedingungen (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 15 (1979), S. 285-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a calculé les paramètres cinétiques du polyphénylène à partir des courbes thermogravimétriques non-isothermes en se servant de méthodes de Flynn et Wall et de celle de Zsakó. Ces méthodes ont d'abord donné des paramètres cinétiques non-réels, du fait qu'il a été établi que la dégradation du polyphénylène pouvait être définie par un systè me à deux réactions mutuellement indépendantes qui ont lieu simultanément. En utilisant une relation spéciale entre le degré de conversion de la réaction de base et celui des composants, il devient possible d'étudier les paramètres cinétiques des deux réactions par la méthode de Zsakó.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine formalkinetische Auswertung nichtisothermer TG-Kurven des Polyphenylens ist mit Hilfe der Methode von Flynn und Wall und der von Zsakó durchgeführt worden. Die Auswertung nach diesen Methoden führt zunächst zu unrealen Ergebnissen, da festgestellt werden konnte, daß der thermooxidative Abbau des Polyphenylens durch das System zweier sich überlagernder, unabhängig verlaufender Reaktionen bestimmt wird. Durch die Anwendung einer speziellen Beziehung zwischen dem Umsatzgrad der Bruttoreaktion und dem der beiden Komponenten gelingt es, die formalkinetischen Parameter beider Teilreaktionen mit Hilfe der Methode von Zsakó zu bestimmen.
    Notes: Abstract Kinetic values from non-isothermal thermogravimetric curves of polyphenylene have been calculated using the method of Flynn and Wall and that of Zsakó. These methods at first give unreal kinetic parameters, for it has been established that the degradation of polyphenylene is a system of two mutually independent reactions occurring simultaneously. With the use of a special relation between the degree of conversion of the unit reaction and that of the components, the kinetic parameters of the two reactions could be investigated by the method of Zsakó.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01903652
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formalkinetische Behandlung des Masseverlustes bei thermischen Abbauprozessen von Polymeren unter nichtisothermen Bedingungen (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 13 (1978), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Partant de la relation de base $$\frac{{d\alpha }}{{dt}} = A \cdot e^ - \frac{E}{{RT}}(1 - \alpha )^n $$ les auteurs font une évaluation critique des méthodes de calcul des valeurs cinétiques obtenues à partir de courbes thermogravimétriques non-isothermes. Ils établissent qu'en général les méthodes intégrales sont préférables aux méthodes différentielles. Les méthodes qui s'appuient sur un développement en série de l'intégrale de l'exponentielle $$\int\limits_0^T {e^ - \frac{{ET}}{{RT}}} dT$$ peuvent être appliquées à tous les cas, sans limitations. Cette étude permet de conclure que la méthode intégrale proposée par Zsakó est la plus sûre.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Auf dem formalkinetischen Ansatz $$\frac{{d\alpha }}{{dt}} = A \cdot e^ - \frac{E}{{RT}}(1 - \alpha )^n $$ beruhende Auswerteverfahren nichtisothermer TG-Kurven werden kritisch eingeschätzt. Den integralen Methoden ist im allgemeinen der Vorzug vor den differentiellen zu geben. Die Methoden, die eine Reihenentwicklung für die Lösung des Exponentialintegrals $$\int\limits_0^T {e^ - \frac{{ET}}{{RT}}} dT$$ benutzen, sind uneingeschränkt auf beliebige Fälle anwendbar. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die integrale Methode nach Zsakö die zuverlässigste ist.
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of the formal basic relation $$\frac{{d\alpha }}{{dt}} = A \cdot e^ - \frac{E}{{RT}}(1 - \alpha )^n $$ methods of calculating kinetic values from non-isothermal thermogravimetric curves have been critically evaluated. It has been established that in general integral methods are preferable to differential methods. Methods basing on a series expansion of the exponential integral $$\int\limits_0^T {e^ - \frac{{ET}}{{RT}}} dT$$ are applicable without limitations to any cases. It has been concluded that the integral method suggested by Zsakó is the most reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01909914
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formalkinetische Behandlung des Masseverlustes bei thermischen Abbauprozessen von Polymeren unter nichtisothermen Bedingungen (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 13 (1978), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On donne une évaluation critique des méthodes de calcul des paramètres cinétiques à partir des courbes thermogravimétriques non-isothermes, obtenues avec diverses vitesses de chauffage. On établit que ces méthodes donnent des paramètres cinétiques faux qui ne correspondent pas à la réalité quand elles sont appliquées à un système où deux réactions mutuellement indépendantes se produisent simultanément. On discute les cas où les composants de la réaction unitaire peuvent être étudiés par la méthode de Zsakô.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Auswerteverfahren nichtisothermer TG-Kurven, die auf der Variation der Aufheizgeschwindigkeit beruhen, werden kritisch eingeschätzt. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Methoden, auf ein System zweier gleichzeitig ablaufender unabhängiger Reaktionen angewandt, zu unrealen kinetischen Parametern führen. Fälle, in denen die Komponenten der Bruttoreaktion nach dem Verfahren von Zsakó bestimmt werden können, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Methods of calculating kinetic values from non-isothermal thermogravimetric curves obtained at different heating rates have been critically evaluated. It has been established that these methods give unreal kinetic parameters, when applied to a system of two mutually independent reactions occurring simultaneously. Cases in which components of the unit reaction could be investigated by the method of Zsakó are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01909915
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proof of the kinetic reaction mechanism of PVC degradation using TA (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 33 (1988), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Möglichkeit untersucht, die Kinetik des thermischen Abbaus von PVC sowohl unter isothermen wie unter nichtisothermen Bedingungen durch ein einziges Modell und unter Verwendung des gleichen Parametersatzes zu beschreiben. Die Analyse der Messdaten zeigt gute Übereinstimmung bei hohen Temperaturen (über 175 °C), wenn die katalytische Aktivität des entwickelten HCL und seine Verteilung in der Probe berücksichtigt werden. Bei tieferen Temperaturen müssen weitere experimentelle Bedingungen und/oder Probeneigenschaften berücksichtigt werden, was eine Modifizierung des Modells erforderlich macht.
    Abstract: РЕЗЮМЕ Изучена возможность описания кинетики термического разлож ения поливинилхлори да в изотермических и не изотермических усло виях с помощью одной единст венной модели с использованием тог о же самого нароба пар аметров. Анализ эксперимента льных результатов показал хорошее совп адение при более высо ких температурах (выше 175°), где учитывалось каталитическое дейс твие получаемого хло ристого водорода и его распре деление в объеме обра зца. При более низких темп ературах реакции сле дует учитывать дальнейши е экспериментальные условия и характерис тики исследуемого об разца, а также необходимость модификации такой модели.
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of describing the kinetics of thermal degradation of PVC samples under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions with a unique model and using the same set of parameters was investigated. Analysis of the experimental data revealed good agreement at higher temperatures (above 175 °C) when the catalytic action of generated HCl and its distribution in the sample were considered. At lower reaction temperatures, further experimental conditions and/or sample characteristics must be considered, and a modification of the model is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01914599
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical derivatization as a mean to improve contact angle goniometry of chemically heterogenous surfaces (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 699-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: contact angle goniometry ; chemical derivatization ; plasma treatment ; polyethylene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma-oxidized polyethylene (O-PE) was derivatized with various chemicals and the advancing and receding contact angles with water, formamide, and tricresylphosphate were measured. The contact angles were used to evaluate the surface free energy (SFE) components in terms of the Lifshitz-van der Waals-acid base (LW-AB) model. The derivatization was directed to couple alkyl chains to carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups generated on the surface of O-PE. Carbonyl groups were treated with hydrazine and then reacted with dodecanoyl chloride. Hydroxyl groups were first reacted with reactive dicarboxylic acid dichlorides or cyanuric chloride, respectively, and then with alkylamines because the direct bonding of long-chain alkyl carboxylic acid chlorides proceeds slowly and is, therefore, completed by surface restructuring. Carboxyl groups were chlorinated and in a second step reacted with alkylamines. The bonding of C12-alkyl chains can be sensitively detected by the LW part of the SFE. Concerning the receding contact angles, it is pointed out that the carbonyl groups are present on the surface in a higher concentration than hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The combination of contact angle goniometry (CAG) and chemical derivatization reactions supplies semiquantitative information about functional groups in the uppermost surface layer. In this way, a major shortcoming of CAG can be overcome. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification of polyethylene by remote dc discharge plasma treatment (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The surface modification of polyethylene in a remote nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen dc discharge plasma was investigated. In the case of the nitrogen plasma a strong correlation exists between the concentration of active nitrogen species, as detected by Langmuir probe measurements and plasma emission spectroscopy, and the time dependence of the polymer surface modification, as detected by contact-angle measurements. The obtained contact-angle data were interpreted in terms of the acid-base model for the interaction of the test liquid with the polymer surface. There was a great similarity in the functionalization of the polyethylene surfaces treated with nitrogen as well as with oxygen plasma, except in the intial stage, where in the former, mainly functional groups acting as electron acceptors were formed, whereas in the latter a sharp increase in the content of both electron donor as well as electron acceptor groups was detected. Thus, a determining influence of oxygen residues in the remote nitrogen plasma was indicated. The absence of such an effect in the case of the hydrogen plasma could result from direct quenching of reactive oxygen species and / or the chemical reduction of formed oxygen containing functionalities by hydrogen species. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490114
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