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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene and immune therapy for renal cell carcinoma (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 8 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma is associated with a poor response rate and few patients are long-term survivors. The occurrence of spontaneous regression and the prolonged latency period between primary tumor removal and the appearance of metastases in some patients suggest the existence of important host immune responses to autologous tumor cells. With the advent of molecular gene transfer techniques and increased knowledge of the basic pathways of immune activation, the field of cancer immunotherapy has finally begun to develop novel and effective approaches for harnessing the immune system as a therapeutic agent. Current immunotherapy and gene therapy strategies, including methods of cytokine delivery and tumor-cell-based vaccines, are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2001.00326.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 3 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1996.tb00081.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progression of metastatic human prostate cancer to androgen independence in immunodeficient SCID mice (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 3 (1997), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Prostate cancer mortality results from metastasis to bone and hormone-independent tumor growth. Models to study these progressive changes are lacking. Here we describe the propagation of advanced human prostate cancer by direct transfer of surgical samples from patients into immune-deficient male ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0497-402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-6 and renal cell cancer: Production, regulation, and growth effects (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 35 (1992), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Interleukin-6 ; Renal cell cancer ; Growth effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a recently characterized pleiotropic cytokine with antitumor activity. We investigated the production of IL-6 by renal cell cancer (RCC) and the growth effects of IL-6 on RCC. Using immunoperoxidase staining, cytoplasmic IL-6 was detected in four of four renal tumor lines and in tumor cells from freshly nephrectomized RCC. We found that IL-6 mRNA was expressed at basal culture conditions by seven of ten RCC tumor lines tested. Biologically active IL-6, as measured by the B9 assay, was produced by all ten RCC tumor lines. The addition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) significantly augmented the expression of IL-6 mRNA in five RCC tumor lines (P 〈0.05). The combination of interferon γ IFNγ and TNFα further enhanced the augmented IL-6 mRNA accumulation seen with TNFα alone (P 〈0.05). TNFα also significantly stimulated the production of biologically active IL-6 (P 〈0.01). Furthermore, IFNγ and TNFα were found to enhance IL-6 bioactivity synergistically (P 〈0.05). The growth effects of IL-6 on RCC were also investigated in two experimental systems: IL-6 was found to stimulate proliferative responses in six of six RCC tumor lines as measured by thymidine-uptake assays; however, only one of six tumor lines displayed an increase in proliferative response of greater than 21% (113%). The growth effect of IL-6 was further tested in clonogenic assays. One of the tumor lines tested displayed an enhanced growth response of up to 200%. We conclude that IL-6 is produced by RCC; this production is enhanced by TNFα with synergistic effects seen with IFNγ at both mRNA and protein levels. In turn, IL-6 may have a modest stimulatory growth effect on certain RCC tumor lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01741856
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of locally produced and exogenous interleukin-6 on tumor growth in vivo (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 38 (1994), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Interleukin-6 ; Tumor-associated macrophages ; Gene therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to define the potential antitumor activity of the multifunctional cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), retrovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to introduce and express a cDNA encoding human IL-6 in the murine fibrosarcoma cell line Fsa-R. Although these genetically modified tumor cells appeared morphologically and phenotypically identical to control Fsa-R cells and had a similar plating efficiency in vitro, they were found to exhibit greatly reduced tumorigenicity in vivo following intravenous injection into syngeneic recipients. Exogenous IL-6 was shown to produce a similar inhibition of tumor growth in the lung if administered intraperitoneally. In contrast, tumor growth in subcutaneous sites was inhibited only if the tumor cells were engineered to express IL-6 locally, or if IL-6 was administered intratumorally. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-6 had no inhibitory effect. Tumors that did grow from IL-6-producing tumor cell inocula in subcutaneous sites were found to contain large numbers of macrophages. These results demonstrate that the antitumor activity of systemically administered IL-6 varies depending on the site of tumor growth and suggest an important role for IL-6 in the recruitment, proliferation and/or survival of tumor-associated macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01525513
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphokine mRNA profile and functional analysis of a human CD4+ clone with unique antitumor specificity isolated from renal cell carcinoma ascitic fluid (1990)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 31 (1990), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We here describe the isolation, characterization, profile of lymphokine expression and T-cell-receptor gene rearrangment pattern of 444P.3, a CD3+ CD4+ CD8− 4B4+ interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent clone derived from the malignant ascites of a patient with renal cell cancer. The 444P.3 clone exhibited unique antitumor specificity between days 45 and 84 in culture and then lost its lytic, but not its proliferative, capacity. To our knowledge this is the first description of a specific antitumor reaction in a patient with renal cell cancer against autologous tumor. IL-2-expanded 444P.3 cells, tested on day 104 in culture, expressed mRNA for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-2 and tumor growth factor β (TGF-β) but not for IL-1, lymphotoxin or granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The parental noncloned population expressed mRNA for TNF, lymphotoxin, GM-CSF and TGF-β but not for IL-1β or IL-2. Analysis of established human T cell clones should include profiles of lymphokine secretion in addition to growth and proliferation patterns, antitumor activity and surface phenotype. Such characterization of clones may provide a better understanding of the immunoregulatory role and functional potential of various T cell subsets involved in human antitumor reactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742489
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of locally produced and exogenous interleukin-6 on tumor growth in vivo (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 38 (1994), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words: Interleukin-6 – Tumor-associated macrophages – Gene therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In order to define the potential antitumor activity of the multifunctional cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), retrovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to introduce and express a cDNA encoding human IL-6 in the murine fibrosarcoma cell line Fsa-R. Although these genetically modified tumor cells appeared morphologically and phenotypically identical to control Fsa-R cells and had a similar plating efficiency in vitro, they were found to exhibit greatly reduced tumorigenicity in vivo following intravenous injection into syngeneic recipients. Exogenous IL-6 was shown to produce a similar inhibition of tumor growth in the lung if administered intraperitoneally. In contrast, tumor growth in subcutaneous sites was inhibited only if the tumor cells were engineered to express IL-6 locally, or if IL-6 was administered intratumorally. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-6 had no inhibitory effect. Tumors that did grow from IL-6-producing tumor cell inocula in subcutaneous sites were found to contain large numbers of macrophages. These results demonstrate that the antitumor activity of systemically administered IL-6 varies depending on the site of tumor growth and suggest an important role for IL-6 in the recruitment, proliferation and/or survival of tumor-associated macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01525513
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in vitro effects of interleukin-12 upon tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from renal cell carcinoma (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 123 (1997), S. 317-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Interleukin-12 ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Renal cell cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical trials utilising interleukin (IL)-2 with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several cytokines, as well as growth factors have demonstrated modulatory effects upon the biological properties of TIL from RCC, suggesting a potentially important role for cytokines other than IL-2 in the development of active and tumor-specific TIL. IL-12 was recently characterized as a natural-killer-cellstimulatory factor or cytotoxic-T-cell-maturation factor. These properties of IL-12 prompted us to investigate the impact of this cytokine upon the activation of TIL from human RCC. In an attempt to enhance the in vitro growth and activity of renal TIL, we have grown eight renal TIL cultures in varying concentrations of IL-2 (8, 40, 80, 400 U/ml) and IL-12 (200 U/ml). In addition, IL-12 (200 U/ml) was added to TIL cultures pre-activated with IL-2 (400 U/ml). Growth, cell expansion, and the ability of TIL to release certain cytokines upon tumor stimulation were determined. Proliferation assays, phenotypic analysis, and cytotoxicity assays were performed at an early and a late culture stage. IL-12, alone and when added to suboptimal concentrations of IL-2, failed to induce TIL growth. While the addition of IL-12 to optimal doses of IL-2 suppressed TIL culture expansion, sequential culture exposure first to IL-2 and then to IL-2+IL-12 increased the number of cells expressing CD3+/CD56+ and these cultures demonstrated enhanced in vitro lysis of autologous tumor. IL-12 clearly demonstrated a sequence-dependent impact of the biological behaviour of TIL from RCC. The optimal use of IL-12 in the in vitro expansion of renal TIL may result in cells with an enhanced specific anti-tumor effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01438307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene therapy for prostate cancer at the University of California, Los Angeles: preliminary results and future directions (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 18 (2000), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer are limited. Because of recent advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of prostate cancer, the accessibility of the prostate for injection, and the availability of gene promotors that allow tissue-specific expression of therapeutic gene products, gene therapy for prostate cancer has realized significant achievements in recent years. What once belonged to the realm of basic science is now entering the domain of phase II clinical trials. In this review, current results and future directions in prostate gene therapy at the University of California, Los Angeles, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003450050187
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What to do about the incidentally found adrenal mass (1989)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 7 (1989), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The wider use of abdominal computerized axial tomography (CT) has led to the incidental discovery of increasing numbers of asymptomatic adrenal masses. The significance of these masses and the question as to their management have posed a new and important dilemma in clinical medicine. The majority of asymptomatic masses are benign and nonfunctional. The size of an adrenal mass on CT is still the most helpful finding in its evaluation. We propose that metabolically inactive lesions 〈3.5 cm in diameter on CT be followed with serial scans at 2, 6, and 18 months. After hormonal assessment, surgery should be carried out on lesions 〉6 cm, because there is a high probability for malignancy. For tumors 3.0–6.0 cm in diameter, management should be individualized. Under certain circumstances, especially in older and poor-risk patients, a conservative approach with more frequently obtained CT scans (6-week intervals) may be recommended. At the present time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques cannot reliably distinguish benign from malignant adrenal masses and should be considered investigational in this setting, pending results of larger studies to determine its true sensitivity and specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576896
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